| 1. |
- Bhavadharini, B., et al.
(författare)
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White Rice Intake and Incident Diabetes: A Study of 132,373 Participants in 21 Countries
- 2020
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Ingår i: Diabetes care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0149-5992 .- 1935-5548. ; 43:11, s. 2643-2650
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE Previous prospective studies on the association of white rice intake with incident diabetes have shown contradictory results but were conducted in single countries and predominantly in Asia. We report on the association of white rice with risk of diabetes in the multinational Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data on 132,373 individuals aged 35-70 years from 21 countries were analyzed. White rice consumption (cooked) was categorized as <150, >= 150 to <300, >= 300 to <450, and >= 450 g/day, based on one cup of cooked rice = 150 g. The primary outcome was incident diabetes. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using a multivariable Cox frailty model. RESULTS During a mean follow-up period of 9.5 years, 6,129 individuals without baseline diabetes developed incident diabetes. In the overall cohort, higher intake of white rice (>= 450 g/day compared with <150 g/day) was associated with increased risk of diabetes (HR 1.20; 95% CI 1.02-1.40;Pfor trend = 0.003). However, the highest risk was seen in South Asia (HR 1.61; 95% CI 1.13-2.30;Pfor trend = 0.02), followed by other regions of the world (which included South East Asia, Middle East, South America, North America, Europe, and Africa) (HR 1.41; 95% CI 1.08-1.86;Pfor trend = 0.01), while in China there was no significant association (HR 1.04; 95% CI 0.77-1.40;Pfor trend = 0.38). CONCLUSIONS Higher consumption of white rice is associated with an increased risk of incident diabetes with the strongest association being observed in South Asia, while in other regions, a modest, nonsignificant association was seen.
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| 2. |
- Mohan, N.K., et al.
(författare)
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Dual-beam symmetric illumination-observation TV holography system for measurements
- 2001
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Ingår i: Optical Engineering. - : SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng. - 0091-3286 .- 1560-2303. ; 40:12, s. 2780-2787
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Leendertz dual-beam symmetric illumination-normal observation arrangement is widely employed for real time evaluation of in-plane displacement components as well as surface shape. Instead of observing along the optical axis, we have examined the Leendertz arrangement by observing the scattered light along the direction of the illumination beams, and imaged it as two separate images onto the photo sensor of a CCD camera. The interferometer is a combination of two channels, each of which measures independently and simultaneously the information pertaining to either the in-plane displacement component of a deformation vector, or the surface relief variation of a three-dimensional object. In addition, a summary of possible measurements that can be carried out from the present arrangement is also highlighted. Experimental results using a four-frame phase shifting technique are illustrated
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| 3. |
- Mohan, N.K., et al.
(författare)
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Electronic shearography applied to static and vibrating objects
- 1994
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Ingår i: Optics Communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0030-4018 .- 1873-0310. ; 108:4-6, s. 197-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An optical shearography configuration is presented which can be used for the measurement of slope change for static and vibrating objects in real time. Displacement and vibration amplitude fields are extracted from the shear data, which is an useful property in noise environments. In a Michelson interferometer set-up the two arms are provided with a phase-shift mirror and a bias modulation mirror to carry out the numerical evaluation of the measured deformation. Experimental results for an edge- clamped aluminium plate are presented
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Saldner, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Desensitized TV holography applied to static and vibrating objects for large deformation measurements
- 1996
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Ingår i: Laser Interferometry VIII. - Bellingham, Wash, : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. - 9780819422484 ; , s. 342-349
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper illustrates a real time desensitized outof-p1ane displacement configuration for the measurement of large deformations of a diffusely reflecting object. The optical configuration is implemented to study the behavior of engineering structures subjected to large static as well as vibration deflections. Phase stepping is provided in the optical set-up to obtain the deformation maps from the interferograms. For vibration analysis, the possibility of incorporating both phase stepping and bias vibration on a single mirror is also demonstrated. Theoretical analysis along with experimental results are presented
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| 6. |
- Tran, K. B., et al.
(författare)
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The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lancet. - 0140-6736. ; 400:10352, s. 563-591
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
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