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- van Ree, R, et al.
(författare)
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The CREATE project: development of certified reference materials for allergenic products and validation of methods for their quantification.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 1398-9995 .- 0105-4538. ; 63:3, s. 310-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Allergen extracts have been used for diagnosis and treatment of allergy for around 100 years. During the second half of 20th century, the notion increasingly gained foothold that accurate standardization of such extracts is of great importance for improvement of their quality. As a consequence, manufacturers have implemented extensive protocols for standardization and quality control. These protocols have overall IgE-binding potencies as their focus. Unfortunately, each company is using their own in-house reference materials and their own unique units to express potencies. This does not facilitate comparison of different products. During the last decades, most major allergens of relevant allergen sources have been identified and it has been established that effective immunotherapy requires certain minimum quantities of these allergens to be present in the administered maintenance dose. Therefore, the idea developed to introduce major allergens measurements into standardization protocols. Such protocols based on mass units of major allergen, quantify the active ingredients of the treatment and will at the same time allow comparison of competitor products. In 2001, an EU funded project, the CREATE project, was started to support introduction of major allergen based standardization. The aim of the project was to evaluate the use of recombinant allergens as reference materials and of ELISA assays for major allergen measurements. This paper gives an overview of the achievements of the CREATE project.
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| 3. |
- Mascarell, L., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of oral immune cells in birch pollen-allergic patients: impact of the oral allergy syndrome and sublingual allergen immunotherapy on antigen-presenting cells
- 2015
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Ingår i: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538. ; 70:4, s. 408-419
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A detailed characterization of human oral immune cells is needed to better understand local mechanisms associated with allergen capture following oral exposure. Methods: Oral immune cells were characterized by immunohistology and immunofluorescence in biopsies obtained from three healthy individuals and 23 birch pollen-allergic patients with/without oral allergy syndrome (OAS), at baseline and after 5 months of sublingual allergen immunotherapy (AIT). Results: Similar cell subsets (i.e., dendritic cells, mast cells, and T lymphocytes) were detected in oral tissues from healthy and birch pollen-allergic individuals. CD207(+) Langerhans cells (LCs) and CD11c(+) myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) were found in both the epithelium and the papillary layer of the Lamina propria (LP), whereas CD68(+) macrophages, CD117(+) mast cells, and CD4(+)/CD8(+) T cells were rather located in both the papillary and reticular layers of the LP. Patterns of oral immune cells were identical in patients with/without OAS, except lower numbers of CD207(+) LCs found in oral tissues from patients with OAS, when compared to OAS(-) patients (P < 0.05). A 5-month sublingual AIT had a limited impact on oral immune cells, with only a significant increase in IgE(+) cells in patients from the active group. Colocalization experiments confirmed that such IgE-expressing cells mostly encompass CD68(+) macrophages located in the LP, and to a lesser extent CD207(+) LCs in the epithelium. Conclusion: Two cell subsets contribute to antigen/allergen uptake in human oral tissues, including (i) CD207(+) LCs possibly involved in the physiopathology of OAS and (ii) CD68(+) macrophages likely critical in allergen capture via IgE-facilitated mechanisms during sublingual AIT.
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