| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Castelnuovo, Gianluca, et al.
(författare)
-
What Is the Role of the Placebo Effect for Pain Relief in Neurorehabilitation? : Clinical Implications From the Italian Consensus Conference on Pain in Neurorehabilitation
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Neurology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-2295. ; 9
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is increasingly acknowledged that the outcomes of medical treatments are influenced by the context of the clinical encounter through the mechanisms of the placebo effect. The phenomenon of placebo analgesia might be exploited to maximize the efficacy of neurorehabilitation treatments. Since its intensity varies across neurological disorders, the Italian Consensus Conference on Pain in Neurorehabilitation (ICCP) summarized the studies on this field to provide guidance on its use.Methods: A review of the existing reviews and meta-analyses was performed to assess the magnitude of the placebo effect in disorders that may undergo neurorehabilitation treatment. The search was performed on Pubmed using placebo, pain, and the names of neurological disorders as keywords. Methodological quality was assessed using a pre-existing checklist. Data about the magnitude of the placebo effect were extracted from the included reviews and were commented in a narrative form.Results: 11 articles were included in this review. Placebo treatments showed weak effects in central neuropathic pain (pain reduction from 0.44 to 0.66 on a 0-10 scale) and moderate effects in postherpetic neuralgia (1.16), in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (1.45), and in pain associated to HIV (1.82). Moderate effects were also found on pain due to fibromyalgia and migraine; only weak short-term effects were found in complex regional pain syndrome. Confounding variables might have influenced these results.Clinical implications: These estimates should be interpreted with caution, but underscore that the placebo effect can be exploited in neurorehabilitation programs. It is not necessary to conceal its use from the patient. Knowledge of placebo mechanisms can be used to shape the doctor-patient relationship, to reduce the use of analgesic drugs and to train the patient to become an active agent of the therapy.
|
|
| 3. |
- Alisic, Rijad, et al.
(författare)
-
Ensuring privacy of occupancy changes in smart buildings
- 2020
-
Ingår i: CCTA 2020 - 4th IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. ; , s. 871-876
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smart building management systems rely on sensors to optimize the operation of buildings. If an unauthorized user gains access to these sensors, a privacy leak may occur. This paper considers such a potential leak of privacy in a smart residential building, and how it may be mitigated by corrupting the measurements with additive Gaussian noise. This corruption is done in order to hide when the occupancy changes in an apartment. A lower bound on the variance of any estimator that estimates the change time is derived. The bound is then used to analyze how different model parameters affect the variance. It is shown that the signal to noise ratio and the system dynamics are the main factors that affect the bound. These results are then verified on a simulator of the KTH Live-In Lab Testbed, showing good correspondence with theoretical results.
|
|
| 4. |
- Alisic, Rijad, et al.
(författare)
-
Maximizing Privacy in MIMO Cyber-Physical Systems Using the Chapman-Robbins Bound
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. ; , s. 6272-6277
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Privacy breaches of cyber-physical systems could expose vulnerabilities to an adversary. Here, privacy leaks of step inputs to linear time-invariant systems are mitigated through additive Gaussian noise. Fundamental lower bounds on the privacy are derived, which are based on the variance of any estimator that seeks to recreate the input. Fully private inputs are investigated and related to transmission zeros. Thereafter, a method to increase the privacy of optimal step inputs is presented and a privacy-utility trade-off bound is derived. Finally, these results are verified on data from the KTH Live-In Lab Testbed, showing good correspondence with theoretical results.
|
|
| 5. |
- Björk, Folke, et al.
(författare)
-
Energy quality management and low energy architecture
- 2012
-
Ingår i: World Renewable Energy Forum, WREF 2012, Including World Renewable Energy Congress XII and Colorado Renewable Energy Society (CRES) Annual Conference. - : American Solar Energy Society. - 9781622760923 ; , s. 4558-4564
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper puts forth energy quality management as the stepwise process of taking care of the quality of energy better. Energy quality can also be expressed as exergy, which measures the useful work potential of a given amount or flow of energy. Energy quality management is particularly useful to reduce the primary energy use in the built environment. This is achieved by reducing the heating and cooling demand, making use of passive building techniques, exploiting local renewable sources, and utilizing efficiently non-renewable energy. The application of the Rational Exergy Management Model further indicates how the integration of the building in the broader perspective of the community level is crucial to curb the building-related CO2 emissions. The paper concludes that exergy is a vital aspect for low energy and low CO2 emissions architecture.
|
|
| 6. |
- Björk, Folke, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
-
Exergi - en kvalitetsfråga
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Bygg och Teknik. - : Förlags AB Bygg & teknik. - 0281-658X .- 2002-8350. ; :5, s. 17-20
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Brown, Nils W. O., et al.
(författare)
-
Sustainability assessment of renovation packages for increased energy efficiency for multi-family buildings in Sweden
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 61, s. 140-148
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we propose a method for assessing renovation packages drawn up with the goal of increasing energy efficiency. The method includes calculation of bought energy demand, life-cycle cost (LCC) analysis and assessment of the building according to the Swedish environmental rating tool Miljöbyggnad (MB). In this way the methodology assesses economic, indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and specifically environmental aspects associated with energy demand of such packages from a sustainability point-of-view. Through MB, energy efficiency packages are placed in context with other necessary measures required to improve environmental performance in buildings, providing a consistent and systematic basis other than simply financial performance by which to compare capital improvements. The method is further explained and analyzed by applying it in three case studies. In each case study a multi-family building representing a typologically significant class in the Swedish building stock is considered, and for each building a base case and two renovation packages with higher initial investment requirement and higher energy efficiency are defined. It is shown that higher efficiency packages can impact IEQ indicators both positively and negatively and that packages reducing energy demand by approx. 50% have somewhat higher LCC. Identified positive IEQ impacts point to added value for packages that may not otherwise be communicated, while negative impacts identify areas where packages need to be improved, or where MB indicators may be referred to as specifications in procurement procedures.
|
|
| 9. |
- Burigana, C., et al.
(författare)
-
Exploring cosmic origins with CORE : Effects of observer peculiar motion
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1475-7516. ; :4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We discuss the effects on the cosmic microwave background (CMB), cosmic infrared background (CIB), and thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect due to the peculiar motion of an observer with respect to the CMB rest frame, which induces boosting effects. After a brief review of the current observational and theoretical status, we investigate the scientific perspectives opened by future CMB space missions, focussing on the Cosmic Origins Explorer (CORE) proposal. The improvements in sensitivity offered by a mission like CORE, together with its high resolution over a wide frequency range, will provide a more accurate estimate of the CMB dipole. The extension of boosting effects to polarization and cross-correlations will enable a more robust determination of purely velocity-driven effects that are not degenerate with the intrinsic CMB dipole, allowing us to achieve an overall signal-to-noise ratio of 13; this improves on the Planck detection and essentially equals that of an ideal cosmic variance-limited experiment up to a multipole l similar or equal to 2000. Precise inter-frequency calibration will offer the opportunity to constrain or even detect CMB spectral distortions, particularly from the cosmological reionization epoch, because of the frequency dependence of the dipole spectrum, without resorting to precise absolute calibration. The expected improvement with respect to COBE-FIRAS in the recovery of distortion parameters (which could in principle be a factor of several hundred for an ideal experiment with the CORE configuration) ranges from a factor of several up to about 50, depending on the quality of foreground removal and relative calibration. Even in the case of similar or equal to 1% accuracy in both foreground removal and relative calibration at an angular scale of 1 degrees, we find that dipole analyses for a mission like CORE will be able to improve the recovery of the CIB spectrum amplitude by a factor similar or equal to 17 in comparison with current results based on COBE-FIRAS. In addition to the scientific potential of a mission like CORE for these analyses, synergies with other planned and ongoing projects are also discussed.
|
|
| 10. |
- Bäcklund, Katarina, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
Building Occupants, Their Behavior and the Resulting Impact on Energy Use in Campus Buildings : A Literature Review with Focus on Smart Building Systems
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1073. ; 16:17, s. 6104-6104
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the light of global climate change and the current energy crisis, it is crucial to target sustainable energy use in all sectors. Buildings still remain one of the most energy-demanding sectors. Campus buildings and higher educational buildings are important to target due to their high and increasing energy demand. This building segment also represents a research gap, as mostly office or domestic buildings have been studied previously. In the quest for thermal comfort, a key stakeholder in building energy demand is the building occupant. It is therefore crucial to promote energy-aware behaviors. The building systems are another key factor to consider. As conventional building systems are replaced with smart building systems, the entire scenario is redrawn for how building occupants interact with the building and its systems. This study argues that behavior is evolving with the smartness of building systems. By means of a semi-systematic literature review, this study presents key findings from peer-reviewed research that deal with building occupant behavior, building systems and energy use in campus buildings. The literature review was an iterative process based on six predefined research questions. Two key results are presented: a graph of reported energy-saving potentials and a conceptual framework to evaluate building occupants impact on building energy use. Furthermore, based on the identified research gaps in the selected literature, areas for future research are proposed.
|
|
