| 1. |
- Sloot, Frea, et al.
(författare)
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Inventory of current EU paediatric vision and hearing screening programmes
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Screening. - : SAGE Publications. - 0969-1413 .- 1475-5793. ; 22:2, s. 55-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine the diversity in paediatric vision and hearing screening programmes in Europe. Methods: Themes for comparison of screening programmes derived from literature were used to compile three questionnaires on vision, hearing, and public health screening. Tests used, professions involved, age, and frequency of testing seem to influence sensitivity, specificity, and costs most. Questionnaires were sent to ophthalmologists, orthoptists, otolaryngologists, and audiologists involved in paediatric screening in all EU full-member, candidate, and associate states. Answers were cross-checked. Results: Thirty-nine countries participated; 35 have a vision screening programme, 33 a nation-wide neonatal hearing screening programme. Visual acuity (VA) is measured in 35 countries, in 71% of these more than once. First measurement of VA varies from three to seven years of age, but is usually before age five. At age three and four, picture charts, including Lea Hyvarinen, are used most; in children over four, Tumbling-E and Snellen. As first hearing screening test, otoacoustic emission is used most in healthy neonates, and auditory brainstem response in premature newborns. The majority of hearing testing programmes are staged; children are referred after 1–4 abnormal tests. Vision screening is performed mostly by paediatricians, ophthalmologists, or nurses. Funding is mostly by health insurance or state. Coverage was reported as >95% in half of countries, but reporting was often not first-hand. Conclusion: Largest differences were found in VA charts used (12), professions involved in vision screening (10), number of hearing screening tests before referral (1–4), and funding sources (8).
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| 2. |
- Driscoll, T, et al.
(författare)
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Global and regional burden of disease and injury in 2016 arising from occupational exposures: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
- 2020
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Ingår i: Occupational and environmental medicine. - : BMJ. - 1470-7926 .- 1351-0711. ; 77:3, s. 133-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study provides an overview of the influence of occupational risk factors on the global burden of disease as estimated by the occupational component of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2016 study.MethodsThe GBD 2016 study estimated the burden in terms of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) arising from the effects of occupational risk factors (carcinogens; asthmagens; particulate matter, gases and fumes (PMGF); secondhand smoke (SHS); noise; ergonomic risk factors for low back pain; risk factors for injury). A population attributable fraction (PAF) approach was used for most risk factors.ResultsIn 2016, globally, an estimated 1.53 (95% uncertainty interval 1.39–1.68) million deaths and 76.1 (66.3–86.3) million DALYs were attributable to the included occupational risk factors, accounting for 2.8% of deaths and 3.2% of DALYs from all causes. Most deaths were attributable to PMGF, carcinogens (particularly asbestos), injury risk factors and SHS. Most DALYs were attributable to injury risk factors and ergonomic exposures. Men and persons 55 years or older were most affected. PAFs ranged from 26.8% for low back pain from ergonomic risk factors and 19.6% for hearing loss from noise to 3.4% for carcinogens. DALYs per capita were highest in Oceania, Southeast Asia and Central sub-Saharan Africa. On a per capita basis, between 1990 and 2016 there was an overall decrease of about 31% in deaths and 25% in DALYs.ConclusionsOccupational exposures continue to cause an important health burden worldwide, justifying the need for ongoing prevention and control initiatives.
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| 3. |
- Garcia, A.J.V., Morad, S. and De Ros, L.F.
(författare)
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Paleoclimatic, paleogeographic and burial-history controls on the diagenetic evolution of reservoir sandstones: evidence from the Early Cretaceous Serraria Sandstones in the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, NE Brazil
- 1998
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Ingår i: Morad, S. (ed), Carbonate Cementation of Sandstones. (International Association of Sediemnetologists, IAS, Special Publication, 26). ; , s. 107-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Selvaraj, Karthik, et al.
(författare)
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Cytotoxic unsaturated electrophilic compounds commonly target the ubiquitin proteasome system
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2045-2322. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A large number of natural products have been advocated as anticancer agents. Many of these compounds contain functional groups characterized by chemical reactivity. It is not clear whether distinct mechanisms of action can be attributed to such compounds. We used a chemical library screening approach to demonstrate that a substantial fraction (similar to 20%) of cytotoxic synthetic compounds containing Michael acceptor groups inhibit proteasome substrate processing and induce a cellular response characteristic of proteasome inhibition. Biochemical and structural analyses showed binding to and inhibition of proteasome-associated cysteine deubiquitinases, in particular ubiquitin specific peptidase 14 (USP14). The results suggested that compounds bind to a crevice close to the USP14 active site with modest affinity, followed by covalent binding. A subset of compounds was identified where cell death induction was closely associated with proteasome inhibition and that showed significant antineoplastic activity in a zebrafish embryo model. These findings suggest that proteasome inhibition is a relatively common mode of action by cytotoxic compounds containing Michael acceptor groups and help to explain previous reports on the antineoplastic effects of natural products containing such functional groups.
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