| 1. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Santangelo, James S., et al.
(författare)
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Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural dines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale.
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| 3. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 4. |
- Botvinik-Nezer, Rotem, et al.
(författare)
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Variability in the analysis of a single neuroimaging dataset by many teams
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 582, s. 84-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data analysis workflows in many scientific domains have become increasingly complex and flexible. Here we assess the effect of this flexibility on the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging by asking 70 independent teams to analyse the same dataset, testing the same 9 ex-ante hypotheses(1). The flexibility of analytical approaches is exemplified by the fact that no two teams chose identical workflows to analyse the data. This flexibility resulted in sizeable variation in the results of hypothesis tests, even for teams whose statistical maps were highly correlated at intermediate stages of the analysis pipeline. Variation in reported results was related to several aspects of analysis methodology. Notably, a meta-analytical approach that aggregated information across teams yielded a significant consensus in activated regions. Furthermore, prediction markets of researchers in the field revealed an overestimation of the likelihood of significant findings, even by researchers with direct knowledge of the dataset(2-5). Our findings show that analytical flexibility can have substantial effects on scientific conclusions, and identify factors that may be related to variability in the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging. The results emphasize the importance of validating and sharing complex analysis workflows, and demonstrate the need for performing and reporting multiple analyses of the same data. Potential approaches that could be used to mitigate issues related to analytical variability are discussed. The results obtained by seventy different teams analysing the same functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset show substantial variation, highlighting the influence of analytical choices and the importance of sharing workflows publicly and performing multiple analyses.
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| 5. |
- Ahmed, Nabeela, et al.
(författare)
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Redefining the role of urban studies Early Career Academics in the post-COVID-19 university
- 2022
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Ingår i: City. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1360-4813 .- 1470-3629. ; 26:4, s. 562-586
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We are an international collective of Early Career Academics (ECAs) who met throughout 2020 to explore the implications of COVID-19 on precarious academics. With this intervention, our aims are to voice commonly shared experiences and concerns and to reflect on the extent to which the pandemic offers opportunities to redefine Higher Education and research institutions, in a context of ongoing precarity and funding cuts. Specifically, we explore avenues to build solidarity across institutions and geographies, to ensure that the conduct of urban research, and support offered to ECAs, allows for more inclusivity, diversity, security and equitability.
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| 6. |
- Bruneau, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae. Part 2: Higher-level classification
- 2024
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Ingår i: PhytoKeys. - 1314-2011 .- 1314-2003. ; 240, s. 1-552
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Caesalpinioideae is the second largest subfamily of legumes (Leguminosae) with ca. 4680 species and 163 genera. It is an ecologically and economically important group formed of mostly woody perennials that range from large canopy emergent trees to functionally herbaceous geoxyles, lianas and shrubs, and which has a global distribution, occurring on every continent except Antarctica. Following the recent re-circumscription of 15 Caesalpinioideae genera as presented in Advances in Legume Systematics 14, Part 1, and using as a basis a phylogenomic analysis of 997 nuclear gene sequences for 420 species and all but five of the genera currently recognised in the subfamily, we present a new higher-level classification for the subfamily. The new classification of Caesalpinioideae comprises eleven tribes, all of which are either new, reinstated or re-circumscribed at this rank: Caesalpinieae Rchb. (27 genera / ca. 223 species), Campsiandreae LPWG (2 / 5-22), Cassieae Bronn (7 / 695), Cera-tonieae Rchb. (4 / 6), Dimorphandreae Benth. (4 / 35), Erythrophleeae LPWG (2 /13), Gleditsieae Nakai (3 / 20), Mimoseae Bronn (100 / ca. 3510), Pterogyneae LPWG (1 / 1), Schizolobieae Nakai (8 / 42-43), Sclerolobieae Benth. & Hook. f. (5 / ca. 113). Although many of these lineages have been recognised and named in the past, either as tribes or informal generic groups, their circumscriptions have varied widely and changed over the past decades, such that all the tribes described here differ in generic membership from those previously recognised. Importantly, the approximately 3500 species and 100 genera of the former subfamily Mimosoideae are now placed in the reinstated, but newly circumscribed, tribe Mimoseae. Because of the large size and ecological importance of the tribe, we also provide a clade-based classification system for Mimoseae that includes 17 named lower-level clades. Fourteen of the 100 Mimoseae genera remain unplaced in these lower-level clades: eight are resolved in two grades and six are phylogenetically isolated monogeneric lineages. In addition to the new classification, we provide a key to genera, morphological descriptions and notes for all 163 genera, all tribes, and all named clades. The diversity of growth forms, foliage, flowers and fruits are illustrated for all genera, and for each genus we also provide a distribution map, based on quality-controlled herbarium specimen localities. A glossary for specialised terms used in legume morphology is provided. This new phylogenetically based classification of Caesalpinioideae provides a solid system for communication and a framework for downstream analyses of biogeography, trait evolution and diversification, as well as for taxonomic revision of still understudied genera.
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| 7. |
- Mahler, Jasmin, et al.
(författare)
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Endogenous murine A beta increases amyloid deposition in APP23 but not in APPPS1 transgenic mice
- 2015
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 36:7, s. 2241-2247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Endogenous murine amyloid-beta peptide (A beta) is expressed in most A beta precursor protein (APP) transgenic mouse models of Alzheimers disease but its contribution to beta-amyloidosis remains unclear. We demonstrate similar to 35% increased cerebral A beta load in APP23 transgenic mice compared with age-matched APP23 mice on an App-null background. No such difference was found for the much faster A beta-depositing APPPS1 transgenic mouse model between animals with or without the murine App gene. Nevertheless, both APP23 and APPPS1 mice codeposited murine A beta, and immunoelectron microscopy revealed a tight association of murine A beta with human A beta fibrils. Deposition of murine A beta was considerably less efficient compared with the deposition of human A beta indicating a lower amyloidogenic potential of murine A beta in vivo. The amyloid dyes Pittsburgh Compound-B and pentamer formyl thiophene acetic acid did not differentiate between amyloid deposits consisting of human A beta and deposits of mixed human-murine A beta. Our data demonstrate a differential effect of murine A beta on human A beta deposition in different APP transgenic mice. The mechanistically complex interaction of human and mouse A beta may affect pathogenesis of the models and should be considered when models are used for translational preclinical studies.
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| 8. |
- Morales, Luis Orlando, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Are solar UV-B- and UV-A-dependent gene expression and metabolite accumulation in Arabidopsis mediated by the stress response regulator RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH1?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Plant, Cell and Environment. - : Wiley. - 0140-7791 .- 1365-3040. ; 38:5, s. 878-891
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wavelengths in the ultraviolet (UV) region of the solar spectrum, UV-B (280-315nm) and UV-A (315-400nm), are key environmental signals modifying several aspects of plant physiology. Despite significant advances in the understanding of plant responses to UV-B and the identification of signalling components involved, there is limited information on the molecular mechanisms that control UV-B signalling in plants under natural sunlight. Here, we aimed to corroborate the previous suggested role for RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH1 (RCD1) in UV-B signalling under full spectrum sunlight. Wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana and the rcd1-1 mutant were used in an experimental design outdoors where UV-B and UV-A irradiances were manipulated using plastic films, and gene expression, PYRIDOXINE BIOSYNTHESIS1 (PDX1) accumulation and metabolite profiles were analysed in the leaves. At the level of transcription, RCD1 was not directly involved in the solar UV-B regulation of genes with functions in UV acclimation, hormone signalling and stress-related markers. Furthermore, RCD1 had no role on PDX1 accumulation but modulated the UV-B induction of flavonoid accumulation in leaves of Arabidopsis exposed to solar UV. We conclude that RCD1 does not play an active role in UV-B signalling but rather modulates UV-B responses under full spectrum sunlight.
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| 9. |
- Morales, Luis Orlando, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Multiple Roles for UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 in Regulating Gene Expression and Metabolite Accumulation in Arabidopsis under Solar UV Radiation
- 2013
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Ingår i: Plant Physiology. - : American Society of Plant Biologists. - 0032-0889 .- 1532-2548. ; 161:2, s. 744-759
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photomorphogenic responses triggered by low fluence rates of ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B, 280-315 nm) are mediated by the UV-B photoreceptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8). Beyond our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of UV-B perception by UVR8, there is still limited information on how the UVR8 pathway functions under natural sunlight. Here, wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana and the uvr8-2 mutant were used in an experiment outdoors where UV-A (315-400 nm) and UV-B irradiances were attenuated using plastic films. Gene expression, PYRIDOXINE BIOSYNTHESIS 1 (PDX1) accumulation and leaf metabolite signatures were analyzed. The results show that UVR8 is required for transcript accumulation of genes involved in UV protection, oxidative stress, hormone signal transduction and defence against herbivores under solar UV. Under natural UV-A irradiance, UVR8 is likely to interact with UV-A/blue light signaling pathways to moderate UV-B driven transcript and PDX1 accumulation. UVR8 both positively and negatively affects UV-A-regulated gene expression and metabolite accumulation, but is required for the UV-B induction of phenolics. Moreover, UVR8-dependent UV-B acclimation during the early stages of plant development may enhance normal growth under long-term exposure to solar UV.
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| 10. |
- Morales Ruiz, Jenny, 1983-
(författare)
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Competencia pragmática en aprendices universitarios de EL2 : Los efectos de la instrucción pragmática y la proficiencia general en el desempeño escrito de peticiones y reclamos en el correo electrónico
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present thesis lies at the intersection of L2 pragmatics, Task-supported language teaching (TSLT), and the study of L2 email discourse. It explores L2 pragmatic development in the written production of Spanish university students in Sweden. This work investigates the influence of i) overall proficiency and ii) pragmatic instruction in learners’ L2 pragmatic system through the lens of instructional intervention research, applying a mixed method. Using a pre-test/ post-test/ delayed post-test design, this study examines the impact of explicit metapragmatic instruction within a TSLT framework, and overall proficiency, on learners’ ability to recognize and modify email requests and complaints. Forty-six first-year students of Spanish as a foreign language from three universities in Sweden, divided into an experimental and control group, participated in the study, contributing 276 L2 emails. Moreover, a baseline group of thirty L1 Spanish university students participated in the data collection process, with 198 L1 emails. The experimental group received 90 minutes of instruction on complaints and requests’ external modifiers, utilizing metapragmatic explanation on form and function, and supported by a communicative practice based on task complexity sequencing. The sequencing of these tasks considered pragmatic complexity, such as sociopragmatic variables. Target complaint and request modifiers were analyzed for frequency and pragmatic appropriateness. In addition, an analysis of learners’ pragmatic recognition ability was performed through a multiple choice test, while learners’ overall proficiency was measured employing a cloze test. Furthermore, an analysis of how target complaint and request modifiers are used and perceived in terms of facework and social effects was performed utilizing a Pragmatic Habit Questionnaire in L1 Spanish users and a Retrospective Questionnaire in L2 Spanish users. Regarding assessing the effectiveness of the treatment, the results revealed that learners significantly improved their use of complaints and request external modifiers in emails. Concerning overall proficiency, the study showed a stronger correlation with learners’ ability to recognize pragmalinguistic features than with written production. However, results also indicated that learners with higher proficiency levels performed better in using external modifiers in requests than complaints. In addition, the study identified cultural-specific pragmatic norms and features of L1 pragmatic behavior reflected in learners’ L2 performance. In all, the present thesis contributes to a better understanding of L2 pragmatic development of first-year university students in Sweden in email discourse and unveils pedagogical insights for a fuller understanding of pragmatic instruction in Spanish L2.
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