| 1. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Ahmed, Niaz, et al.
(författare)
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Consensus statements and recommendations from the ESO-Karolinska Stroke Update Conference, Stockholm 11-13 November 2018.
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Stroke Journal. - : SAGE Publications. - 2396-9873 .- 2396-9881. ; 4:4, s. 307-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the European Stroke Organisation-Karolinska Stroke Update Conference is to provide updates on recent stroke therapy research and to give an opportunity for the participants to discuss how these results may be implemented into clinical routine. The meeting started 22 years ago as Karolinska Stroke Update, but since 2014 it is a joint conference with European Stroke Organisation. Importantly, it provides a platform for discussion on the European Stroke Organisation guidelines process and on recommendations to the European Stroke Organisation guidelines committee on specific topics. By this, it adds a direct influence from stroke professionals otherwise not involved in committees and work groups on the guideline procedure. The discussions at the conference may also inspire new guidelines when motivated. The topics raised at the meeting are selected by the scientific programme committee mainly based on recent important scientific publications. This year's European Stroke Organisation-Karolinska Stroke Update Meeting was held in Stockholm on 11-13 November 2018. There were 11 scientific sessions discussed in the meeting including two short sessions. Each session except the short sessions produced a consensus statement (Full version with background, issues, conclusions and references are published as web-material and at www.eso-karolinska.org and http://eso-stroke.org) and recommendations which were prepared by a writing committee consisting of session chair(s), scientific secretary and speakers. These statements were presented to the 250 participants of the meeting. In the open meeting, general participants commented on the consensus statement and recommendations and the final document were adjusted based on the discussion from the general participants Recommendations (grade of evidence) were graded according to the 1998 Karolinska Stroke Update meeting with regard to the strength of evidence. Grade A Evidence: Strong support from randomised controlled trials and statistical reviews (at least one randomised controlled trial plus one statistical review). Grade B Evidence: Support from randomised controlled trials and statistical reviews (one randomised controlled trial or one statistical review). Grade C Evidence: No reasonable support from randomised controlled trials, recommendations based on small randomised and/or non-randomised controlled trials evidence.
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| 3. |
- Botvinik-Nezer, Rotem, et al.
(författare)
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Variability in the analysis of a single neuroimaging dataset by many teams
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 582, s. 84-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data analysis workflows in many scientific domains have become increasingly complex and flexible. Here we assess the effect of this flexibility on the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging by asking 70 independent teams to analyse the same dataset, testing the same 9 ex-ante hypotheses(1). The flexibility of analytical approaches is exemplified by the fact that no two teams chose identical workflows to analyse the data. This flexibility resulted in sizeable variation in the results of hypothesis tests, even for teams whose statistical maps were highly correlated at intermediate stages of the analysis pipeline. Variation in reported results was related to several aspects of analysis methodology. Notably, a meta-analytical approach that aggregated information across teams yielded a significant consensus in activated regions. Furthermore, prediction markets of researchers in the field revealed an overestimation of the likelihood of significant findings, even by researchers with direct knowledge of the dataset(2-5). Our findings show that analytical flexibility can have substantial effects on scientific conclusions, and identify factors that may be related to variability in the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging. The results emphasize the importance of validating and sharing complex analysis workflows, and demonstrate the need for performing and reporting multiple analyses of the same data. Potential approaches that could be used to mitigate issues related to analytical variability are discussed. The results obtained by seventy different teams analysing the same functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset show substantial variation, highlighting the influence of analytical choices and the importance of sharing workflows publicly and performing multiple analyses.
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| 4. |
- Cozza, Michela, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Ageing as a Boundary Object Thinking Differently of Ageing and Care
- 2020
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Ingår i: Tecnoscienza. - : TECNOSCIENZA. - 2038-3460. ; 11:2, s. 117-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ageing is not only a chronological matter. The following contributions at the crossroad of STS, material gerontology, design, and medical sociology offer alternative views on ageing and care. Ageing emerges as a boundary object through which authors explore the relationship with technologies and technology-based processes and practices. Authors point out that becoming older is a sociomaterial process and emphasize the importance of thinking with care when designing technology as well as the relevance of the socio-technical imaginary in conceptualizing older people.
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| 5. |
- Giongo, Adriana, et al.
(författare)
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Adaption of microbial communities to the hostile environment in the Doce River after the collapse of two iron ore tailing dams
- 2020
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Ingår i: Heliyon. - : Elsevier. - 2405-8440. ; 6:8, s. 1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In November 2015, two iron ore tailing dams collapsed in the city of Mariana, Brazil. The dams' collapse generated a wave of approximately 50 million m(3) of a mixture of mining waste and water. It was a major environmental tragedy in Brazilian history, which damaged rivers, and cities 660 km away in the Doce River basin until it reached the ocean coast. Shortly after the incident, several reports informed that the concentration of metals in the water was above acceptable legal limits under Brazilian laws. Here the microbial communities in samples of water, mud, foam, and rhizosphere of Eichhornia from Doce River were analyzed for 16S and 18S rRNA-based amplicon sequencing, along with microbial isolation, chemical and mineralogical analyses. Samples were collected one month and thirteen months after the collapse. Prokaryotic communities from mud shifted drastically over time (33% Bray-Curtis similarity), while water samples were more similar (63% Bray-Curtis similarity) in the same period. After 12 months, mud samples remained with high levels of heavy metals and a reduction in the diversity of microeukaryotes was detected. Amoebozoans increased in mud samples, reaching 49% of microeukaryote abundance, with Discosea and Lobosa groups being the most abundant. The microbial communities' structure in mud samples changed adapting to the new environment condition. The characterization of microbial communities and metal-tolerant organisms from such impacted environments is essential for understanding the ecological consequences of massive anthropogenic impacts and strategies for the restoration of contaminated sites such as the Doce River.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Moreira, Tiago J T Prazeres
(författare)
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Recovery from focal brain ischemia induced by extradural compression in diabetic and non-diabetic rats
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cerebrovascular disease and head trauma are among the leading causes of death and disability. In addition to severe motor disturbances, ischemia resulting from stroke or traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause mild to severe cognitive deficits. One-third of all patients with stroke show hyperglycemia upon hospital admission, and the majority of these are diabetic. The combination of diabetes and stroke was reported to worsen recovery. In agreement with clinical evidence, larger infarct sizes and neurodegeneration were observed in rats following hyperglycemic brain ischemia. The Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat is a non-insulin-dependent, spontaneously diabetic animal and, to our knowledge, few studies of recovery from focal brain ischemia were performed in this rat strain. In our laboratory, we have developed a model of experimental brain injury in the Sprague-Dawley rat produced by transient, short-lasting (30 min) unilateral extradural compression (EC) of the right sensorimotor cortex. EC produces neurological manifestations (contralateral fore- and hind-limb paresis) and selective neuronal death in the cortex, hippocampus and thalamus, resembling clinical cortical stroke. The aims of the present thesis were to (1) characterize motor and cognitive deficits in both non-diabetic Wistar and diabetic GK rats following EC, (2) to study compression induced-neurodegeneration and potential correlations with the behavioural findings in non-diabetic Wistar and diabetic GK rats, (3) to compare glucose levels and cerebral blood flow (CBF) upon EC and reperfusion in both strains and (4) to investigate strain differences in the expression of several antioxidant and heme-degrading enzymes. Recovery of motor and cognitive functions following EC were assessed with the lever-press task (LPT) and locomotor activity (LMA) monitoring in a novel environment, in parallel with the beam walking and the rotarod. Neurodegeneration induced by EC was concomitantly characterized in several brain regions by using Fluoro-Jade (FJ) as a marker of neurodegeneration and GFAP as marker of reactive astrocytosis at 2, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days in Wistar rats and at 2, 7 and 14 days in GK rats. Cortical CBF upon EC and during reperfusion was measured with Laser-Doppler flowmetry. At 48 h post-EC, mRNA expression of heme-degrading enzymes (HO-1, HO-2), biliverdin reductase (BVR), superoxide dismutases (SOD-1, SOD-2), inflammatory and proapoptotic markers (iNOS, TNFalpha, Bax) were compared between strains with real time RT-PCR. HO-1 expression at 48 h post-EC was studied using double-fluorescence immunohistochemistry for neurons (Fluorescent Nissl staining), astrocytes (GFAP) and microglia (OX-42). Locomotor and exploratory activities of compressed Wistar rats were reduced, in parallel with hemiparesis, detected on the beam walking and on the rotarod on day 1. The LMA parameters normalized on day 2, whereas a phase of increased locomotor activity coupled with deficient habituation to the environment was observed on day 3. Importantly, the deficient habituation was no longer attributable to the motor impairments. The learning of the LPT was delayed in naive-to-task Wistar rats up to 10 days after EC. Fluoro-Jade/GFAP staining demonstrated a consistent pattern of cortical, striatal and thalamic degeneration but revealed variable degrees of degeneration in hippocampal areas. The improvement in LPT performance of naïve-compressed rats was followed by a reduction of damage in cortical associative areas. Additional lesion-effects from damaged hippocampii may have overlapped in a minority of subjects, while the subcortical lesions provoked by EC were unlikely to explain the behavioural findings. GK but not control Wistar rats showed a pronounced hyperglycemic response upon EC, a lower degree of cortical CBF recovery during reperfusion, impaired behavioural habituation to a novel environment on the first five days post-ischemia, impaired learning of a LPT two weeks after EC and a higher degree of neurodegeneration labelled by FJ in the cortex, hippocampus and thalamus at virtually all time-points post-ischemia. Under basal conditions, GK rats exhibited higher mRNA expression of heme degrading, antioxidant and pro-inflammatory genes such as HO-1, iNOS and TNFalpha under basal conditions. At 48 h post-ischemia, HO- 1 was one of the main upregulated genes in the ipsilateral cortex of both diabetic and non-diabetic rats. HO-1 secretion was localized in peri-lesional astrocytes and few microglial cells. Previous experience with the task and familiarity with the environment appear to accelerate recovery from brain ischemia and may initiate compensatory mechanisms at early stages of recovery, with emphasis on the associative cortical areas. The GK rat consistently showed aggravated hyperglycemia, worsened cortical reperfusion and longer-lasting impairments of motor and cognitive functions encouraging further brain injury studies in this rat strain. Counteracting oxidative stress caused by heme degradation and neuroinflammation following normo- and hyperglycemic brain ischemia may thus provide an effective therapy for focal brain ischemia due to a potentially extended therapeutic window.
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| 8. |
- Neves, Ana Luisa, et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of the Use of Health and Fitness Mobile Apps by Patients With Asthma : Secondary Analysis of Observational Studies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : JMIR Publications. - 1438-8871. ; 23:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Health and fitness apps have potential benefits to improve self-management and disease control among patients with asthma. However, inconsistent use rates have been reported across studies, regions, and health systems. A better understanding of the characteristics of users and nonusers is critical to design solutions that are effectively integrated in patients' daily lives, and to ensure that these equitably reach out to different groups of patients, thus improving rather than entrenching health inequities. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the use of general health and fitness apps by patients with asthma and to identify determinants of usage. Methods: A secondary analysis of the INSPIRERS observational studies was conducted using data from face-to-face visits. Patients with a diagnosis of asthma were included between November 2017 and August 2020. Individual-level data were collected, including age, gender, marital status, educational level, health status, presence of anxiety and depression, postcode, socioeconomic level, digital literacy, use of health services, and use of health and fitness apps. Multivariate logistic regression was used to model the probability of being a health and fitness app user. Statistical analysis was performed in R. Results: A total of 526 patients attended a face-to-face visit in the 49 recruiting centers and 514 had complete data. Most participants were <= 40 years old (66.4%), had at least 10 years of education (57.4%), and were in the 3 higher quintiles of the socioeconomic deprivation index (70.1%). The majority reported an overall good health status (visual analogue scale [VAS] score>70 in 93.1%) and the prevalence of anxiety and depression was 34.3% and 11.9%, respectively. The proportion of participants who reported using health and fitness mobile apps was 41.1% (n=211). Multivariate models revealed that single individuals and those with more than 10 years of education are more likely to use health and fitness mobile apps (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.22, 95%CI 1.05-4.75 and aOR 1.95, 95%CI 1.12-3.45, respectively). Higher digital literacy scores were also associated with higher odds of being a user of health and fitness apps, with participants in the second, third, and fourth quartiles reporting aORs of 6.74 (95%CI 2.90-17.40), 10.30 (95%CI 4.28-27.56), and 11.52 (95%CI 4.78-30.87), respectively. Participants with depression symptoms had lower odds of using health and fitness apps (aOR 0.32, 95%CI 0.12-0.83). Conclusions: A better understanding of the barriers and enhancers of app use among patients with lower education, lower digital literacy, or depressive symptoms is key to design tailored interventions to ensure a sustained and equitable use of these technologies. Future studies should also assess users' general health-seeking behavior and their interest and concerns specifically about digital tools. These factors may impact both initial engagement and sustained use.
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| 9. |
- Nguyen, Thanh N, et al.
(författare)
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Global Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Stroke Volumes and Cerebrovascular Events: A 1-Year Follow-up.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Neurology. - 1526-632X. ; 100:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Declines in stroke admission, IV thrombolysis (IVT), and mechanical thrombectomy volumes were reported during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a paucity of data on the longer-term effect of the pandemic on stroke volumes over the course of a year and through the second wave of the pandemic. We sought to measure the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the volumes of stroke admissions, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), IVT, and mechanical thrombectomy over a 1-year period at the onset of the pandemic (March 1, 2020, to February 28, 2021) compared with the immediately preceding year (March 1, 2019, to February 29, 2020).We conducted a longitudinal retrospective study across 6 continents, 56 countries, and 275 stroke centers. We collected volume data for COVID-19 admissions and 4 stroke metrics: ischemic stroke admissions, ICH admissions, IVT treatments, and mechanical thrombectomy procedures. Diagnoses were identified by their ICD-10 codes or classifications in stroke databases.There were 148,895 stroke admissions in the 1 year immediately before compared with 138,453 admissions during the 1-year pandemic, representing a 7% decline (95% CI [95% CI 7.1-6.9]; p < 0.0001). ICH volumes declined from 29,585 to 28,156 (4.8% [5.1-4.6]; p < 0.0001) and IVT volume from 24,584 to 23,077 (6.1% [6.4-5.8]; p < 0.0001). Larger declines were observed at high-volume compared with low-volume centers (all p < 0.0001). There was no significant change in mechanical thrombectomy volumes (0.7% [0.6-0.9]; p = 0.49). Stroke was diagnosed in 1.3% [1.31-1.38] of 406,792 COVID-19 hospitalizations. SARS-CoV-2 infection was present in 2.9% ([2.82-2.97], 5,656/195,539) of all stroke hospitalizations.There was a global decline and shift to lower-volume centers of stroke admission volumes, ICH volumes, and IVT volumes during the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the prior year. Mechanical thrombectomy volumes were preserved. These results suggest preservation in the stroke care of higher severity of disease through the first pandemic year.This study is registered under NCT04934020.
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| 10. |
- Rescorla, Leslie, et al.
(författare)
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International Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent Psychopathology II: Integration and Applications of Dimensional Findings From 44 Societies
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0890-8567. ; 51:12, s. 1273-1283
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To build on Achenbach, Rescorla, and Ivanova (2012) by (a) reporting new international findings for parent, teacher, and self-ratings on the Child Behavior Checklist, Youth Self-Report, and Teacher's Report Form; (b) testing the fit of syndrome models to new data from 17 societies, including previously underrepresented regions; (c) testing effects of society gender, and age in 44 societies by integrating new and previous data; (d) testing cross-society correlations between mean item ratings; (e) describing the construction of multisociety norms; (f) illustrating clinical applications. Method: Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) of parent, teacher, and self-ratings, performed separately for each society; tests of societal, gender, and age effects on dimensional syndrome scales, DSM-oriented scales, Internalizing, Externalizing, and Total Problems scales; tests of agreement between low, medium, and high ratings of problem items across societies. Results: CFAs supported the tested syndrome models in all societies according to the primary fit index (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation [RMSEA]), but less consistently according to other indices; effect sizes were small-to-medium for societal differences in scale scores, but very small for gender, age, and interactions with society; items received similarly low, medium, or high ratings in different societies; problem scores from 44 societies fit three sets of multisociety norms. Conclusions: Statistically derived syndrome models fit parent, teacher, and self-ratings when tested individually in all 44 societies according to RMSEAs (but less consistently according to other indices). Small to medium differences in scale scores among societies supported the use of low-, medium-, and high-scoring norms in clinical assessment of individual children. J. Am. Acad. Child Aclolesc. Psychiatry; 2012; 51(12):1273-1283.
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