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- Graf, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Joint optimization of land carbon uptake and albedo can help achieve moderate instantaneous and long-term cooling effects
- 2023
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Ingår i: Communications Earth and Environment. - 2662-4435. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Both carbon dioxide uptake and albedo of the land surface affect global climate. However, climate change mitigation by increasing carbon uptake can cause a warming trade-off by decreasing albedo, with most research focusing on afforestation and its interaction with snow. Here, we present carbon uptake and albedo observations from 176 globally distributed flux stations. We demonstrate a gradual decline in maximum achievable annual albedo as carbon uptake increases, even within subgroups of non-forest and snow-free ecosystems. Based on a paired-site permutation approach, we quantify the likely impact of land use on carbon uptake and albedo. Shifting to the maximum attainable carbon uptake at each site would likely cause moderate net global warming for the first approximately 20 years, followed by a strong cooling effect. A balanced policy co-optimizing carbon uptake and albedo is possible that avoids warming on any timescale, but results in a weaker long-term cooling effect.
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- Kvarnström, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in the phosphorus availability of a chemically precipitated urban sewage sludge as a result of different dewatering processes
- 2000
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Ingår i: Waste Management & Research. - : Wiley. - 0734-242X .- 1096-3669 .- 1399-3070. ; 18:3, s. 249-258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to compare the effects of different dewatering processes on the phosphorus (P) availability of an FeCl3precipitated and limeconditioned sludge having an initial dry matter content (DMC) of 4%. The sludge was dewatered by either drying (D), freezing/thawing (FT) or centrifugation (C) until a DMC of about 15% was reached. Thereafter the FT and D sludges were gently dried to obtain a DMC increasing up to 50 to 60%. The plantavailable sludge P was assessed by the change in the isotopic dilution of P taken up by ryegrass (Lolium perenne[L]) after sludge amendments to one soil. After the plant experiment, the soiltosolution transfer of P ions and bicarbonateand ammonium lactate extractable P were determined in selected soil samples. The amount of plantavailable P (Lvalue) and the contribution of sludge P to plant nutrition (%Pdfsl) in soil amended with nondewatered sludge (ND) were not significantly different from the L and percentage Pdfsl values of soils amended with FT, D and C sludges. Nor did the subsequent drying of D and FT sludges significantly change the L and percentage Pdfsl values. Hence, the dewatering processes did not significantly alter the initial sludge P availability. The soiltosolution transfer of P ions and the chemically extracted P did not significantly differ between the different sludgeamended soil samples. The percentage Pdfsl values can be predicted by percentage ΔE1, since the overall average relative increase (%ΔE1) in the immediate soiltosolution transfer of P ions did not significantly differ from the percentage Pdfsl values.
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- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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Commissioning of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer with cosmic rays
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 70:3, s. 875-916
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider has collected several hundred million cosmic ray events during 2008 and 2009. These data were used to commission the Muon Spectrometer and to study the performance of the trigger and tracking chambers, their alignment, the detector control system, the data acquisition and the analysis programs. We present the performance in the relevant parameters that determine the quality of the muon measurement. We discuss the single element efficiency, resolution and noise rates, the calibration method of the detector response and of the alignment system, the track reconstruction efficiency and the momentum measurement. The results show that the detector is close to the design performance and that the Muon Spectrometer is ready to detect muons produced in high energy proton-proton collisions.
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