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- Mosallanezhad, Zahra
(författare)
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Physical activity and functional performance in Iranian 75-year-olds : a cross-sectional population study compared with a Swedish study
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Population ageing is highly complex and varies with the context. For instance, people’s health can be influenced by behavioral and cultural factors and economic resources. Cross-national comparisons are helpful when exploring these factors. Aims: To provide a Persian version of the Falls Efficacy Scale, Swedish version (FES(S)) and explore its validity and reliability in an Iranian population. To investigate whether Iranian 75-year-olds differ from their Swedish peers with respect to physical activity level, physical performance and certain health-related factors. To explore if walking for at least 30 min a day is related to health, fitness, physiological capacity and functional performance in older Iranians. To establish whether health-related behavior (HRB) and independence (I) intermediate the link between the socioeconomic status (SES) and the health status (HS) of older adults in Iran. Material and methods: A representative sample of 637 Swedish 75-year olds, from the longitudinal Gerontological and Geriatric Population Studies in Gothenburg, and an Iranian sample of 851 75-year-olds, living in Tehran, were included. Physical activity level, health-related factors, and the results of functional tests including walking speed, muscle strength and balance function were evaluated. SPSS and Mplus 5 softwares were used for data analysis. Results: The Persian FES (S) was shown to be a culturally relevant, valid, and reliable tool for measuring fall-related self-perceived confidence in Iranian older adults. Iranian 75-year-olds had a lower physical activity level, a worse physical function apart from a better grip strength, a worse physical health status but smoked less than their Swedish counterparts. There were no differences between the two cohorts regarding vertigo or falls. The extent of gender differences was about the same in most aspects and to the disadvantage of women. Iranian old people who walked at least 30 minutes daily/almost daily were better in most health-related outcomes, ADL and functional performance than people who walked less. A structural equation model showed that older people with a high SES had a higher level of physical activity and were more independent in ADL than others. SES was a positive predictor of HS, not directly but through the intermediation of HRB and I. Conclusions: The Persian version of FES(S) was shown to be a valid and reliable tool. 75-year-old Iranians were less physically active than their Swedish peers and their functional performance, apart from grip strength, was worse, while similar gender differences were found, mainly to the advantage of men. Iranians who took a daily walk of at least 30 min a day showed better results in most health-related outcomes, ADL and functional performance than persons who walked less. As physical activity is a strong determinant of functional performance and health, activities like taking a daily walk of at least 30 minutes should be promoted. Gender-specific discrepancies found in relation to physical activity and performance call for longitudinal studies to clarify the causes.
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| 2. |
- Mosallanezhad, Zahra, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity and physical functioning in Swedish and Iranian 75-year-olds – A comparison
- 2012
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Ingår i: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-4943 .- 1872-6976. ; 55:2, s. 422-430
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose: The pattern of population aging is highly complex and contextually based. Cross-national comparisons are helpful to explore related factors. Two cross-sectional studies designed to compare physical activity level, physical functioning and certain health related factors in 75-year-old women and men in Sweden and Iran. Materials and methods: Cohorts of 637 Swedish and 851 Iranian 75-year-olds were investigated with the same methods regarding physical activity level, physical functioning and health related factors. Results: There were differences in physical activity level (p < 0.001), self-reported physical functioning (p < 0.001) objective physical functioning (p < 0.001), health status (p < 0.001) and most socio-demographic aspects between the two countries. Here the Swedish cohort had the advantage. There was no difference between the countries regarding prevalence of vertigo or falls. The only variables where the Iranian cohort had advantage over the Swedes were grip strength and smoking habits. There were larger gender differences in walking habits, self-selected walking speed, timed chair stand, and one-leg stance in Iran, and in grip strength in Sweden, all to the disadvantage of women. Conclusions: Iranian 75-years-olds had a lower physical activity level, a worse lower extremity physical function but a better grip strength, a worse physical health status, but smoked less than their Swedish counterparts. Despite this, there were no differences regarding vertigo or falls. In most aspects, the magnitude of gender differences was about the same and in disadvantage of women, although there were larger differences in Iran in some lower extremity functions. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Sotoudeh, Gholam Reza, et al.
(författare)
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A population study on factors associated with unintentional falls among Iranian older adults
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - : Springer Nature. - 1471-2318. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Falls among older adults are a significant cause of disability, injury, and death worldwide. The high incidence of falls in older adults, combined with the increased susceptibility to injury of the older adult population, leads to severe global health issues. Further studies are needed to comprehensively evaluate the typical personal and environmental risk factors of falls in the Iranian elderly population. Future preventive strategies and intervention programs will be based on these findings. The study determined the risk factors associated with unintentional falls among a representative sample of older adults living in Tehran, the capital city of Iran.Methods The study design was cross-sectional. The target population was men/women aged 65 years and over from the general population living in 22 different districts of Tehran who were selected by stratified random sampling. The researchers gathered the data using validated questionnaires and observations. The informed consent was obtained from all participants before starting the interview. Multivariate logistic regression analysis examined the association between falls occurring during the past 12 months with demographics/ socioeconomics and fall-related predictor factors.Results The risk of falls was higher in women (47.0%) and those aged≥75 years (44.1%). Older adults who were married had their fall risk reduced by 36.4% compared with other types of marital status. Older adults who were illiterate (48.1%), housewives (47.0%), and always had concerns about living expenses (53.9%) tended significantly to have a higher risk of falls. Moreover, participants who live with their family were less likely to fall than those who live alone (36.5% vs. 40.4%). Persons with safe homes were less likely to experience falls than persons with unsafe homes (30.9% vs. 41.4%). The logistic regression analysis showed that the female gender, being worried about living expenses, home safety, functional behavior, and function factors, were independently associated with the risk of falls during the past 12 months.Conclusions Our findings revealed that a wide range of intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors contributed to injurious falls; based on the literature, some are preventable. The present data may be helpful as a starting point and guide future efforts for health providers and policymakers to allocate additional resources and develop proper falls prevention or intervention programs at the community level.
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| 4. |
- Sotoudeh, Gholam Reza, et al.
(författare)
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The prevalence, circumstances and consequences of unintentional falls among elderly Iranians : A population study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-4943 .- 1872-6976. ; 79, s. 123-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aimFalling threatens the health, independence and quality of life of older adults. Information about characteristics and predisposing factors of falls is essential to develop and implement effective preventing measure. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence, circumstances and consequences of falls among community-dwelling older adults in Tehran, Iran, and scrutinize factors (e.g. demographics) associated with falls.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran. A total of 653 individuals aged 65 years and over were selected by a stratified random sampling as representing older adults in Tehran. All required data were collected through face-to-face interviews using questionnaires.ResultsThe prevalence of falls was 39.7% and higher in women than in men. For both sexes, most of the falls occurred in the afternoon (n = 135, 52.1%) and at home (n = 209, 80.7%). One-fourth of the falls (23.2%) occurred in a forward direction, mostly among women (60%). For both sexes, one-third of the causes of falls were loss of balance, mostly among women and the oldest persons. Two-hundred and twelve of the fallers reported injuries. The logistic regression showed that female gender, low education and constant worries about living expenses were significantly associated with falls.ConclusionsThis study may have provided new insights into the characteristics/ circumstances/ consequences of injurious falls and their relation with age, gender and injury severity in Iran. It may be useful for health policy makers and health providers when designing falls intervention and prevention programs at the community level.
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