| 1. |
- Abrahamsen, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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Estimation of Gross Rock Volume of Filled Geological Structures With Uncertainty Measures
- 2000
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Ingår i: SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering. ; 3:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gross rock volume of a filled structure is uncertain because of uncertainty in the determination of caprock depth and the uncertainty in depth to the hydrocarbon contact determined by the spill point of the caprock. Ignoring this uncertainty might lead to biased volume estimates. This paper reports two procedures to assist with assessing this uncertainty to obtain better estimates. The first is to use conditional simulation techniques to generate realizations of the depth to the caprock. The second procedure is a new fast algorithm that determines the location of the spill point and trapped area of each caprock realization. Taken together, the two procedures determine the thickness and lateral extension of each reservoir realization. Finally, gross rock volume for each realization can be calculated and the volumetric uncertainty can be quantified in terms of expectation, histograms, percentiles, etc., for the whole set of realizations. A synthetic example and an example from the North Sea illustrate the use of these procedures. A method for including knowledge of the spill-point depth for improving depth maps is also presented.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- A.O., Tillmar, et al.
(författare)
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Using X-chromosomal markers in relationship testing: Calculation of likelihood ratios taking both linkage and linkage disequilibrium into account
- 2011
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Ingår i: Forensic Science International: Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-4973 .- 1878-0326. ; 5:5, s. 506-511
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-chromosomal markers in forensic genetics have become more widely used during recent years, particularly for relationship testing. Linkage and linkage disequilibrium (LD) must typically be accounted for when using close X-chromosomal markers. Thus, when producing the weight-of-evidence, given by a DNA-analysis with markers that are linked, the normally used product rule is invalid. Here we present an implementation of an efficient model for calculating likelihood ratios (LRs) with markers on the X-chromosome which are linked and in LD. Furthermore, the model was applied on several cases based on data from the eight X-chromosomal loci included in the Mentype® Argus X-8 (Biotype). Using a simulation approach we showed that the use of X-chromosome data can offer valuable information for choosing between the alternatives in each of the cases we studied, and that the LR can be high in several cases. We demonstrated that when linkage and LD were disregarded, as opposed to taken into account, the difference in calculated LRs could be considerable. When these differences were large, the estimated haplotype frequencies often had a strong impact and we present a method to estimate haplotype frequencies. Our conclusion is that linkage and LD should be accounted for when using the tested set of markers, and the used model is an efficient way of doing so.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, M.G., et al.
(författare)
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Application of the Bayesian framework for forensic interpretation to casework involving postmortem interval estimates of decomposed human remains
- 2019
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Ingår i: Forensic Science International. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-6283 .- 0379-0738. ; 301, s. 402-414
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019 Elsevier B.V. We demonstrate how the Bayesian framework for forensic interpretation can be adapted for casework involving postmortem intervals (PMI) utilizing taphonomic data as well as how to overcome some of the limitations of current approaches for estimating and communicating uncertainty. A model is implemented for indoor cases based on partial body scores from three different anatomical regions as correlated functions of accumulated temperature (AT). The multivariate model enables estimation of PMI for human remains also when one or two local body scores are missing or undetermined, e.g. as a result of burns, scars or covered body parts. The model was trained using the expectation maximization algorithm, enabling us to account for uncertainty of PMI and/or ambient temperature in the training data. Alternative approaches reporting the results are presented, including the likelihood curve, likelihood ratios for competing hypotheses and posterior probability distributions and credibility intervals for PMI. The applicability or the approaches in different forensic scenarios is discussed.
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| 5. |
- Bartoszek, Krzysztof, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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A phylogenetic comparative method for studying multivariate adaptation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Theoretical Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-5193 .- 1095-8541. ; 314, s. 204-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phylogenetic comparative methods have been limited in the way they model adaptation. Although some progress has been made, there are still no methods that can fully account for coadaptation between traits. Based on Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) models of adaptive evolution, we present a method, with R implementation, in which multiple traits evolve both in response to each other and, as in previous OU models, to fixed or randomly evolving predictor variables. We present the interpretation of the model parameters in terms of evolutionary and optimal regressions enabling the study of allometric and adaptive relationships between traits. To illustrate the method we reanalyze a data set of antler and body-size evolution in deer (Cervidae).
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Benson, Mikael, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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DNA microarray analysis of transforming growth factor-β and related transcripts in nasal biopsies from patients with allergic rhinitis
- 2002
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Ingår i: Cytokine. ; 18:1, s. 20-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decreased activity of anti-inflammatory cytokines like transforming growth factor (TGF)-β may contribute to allergic inflammation. In vivo effects of TGF-β-effects are difficult to infer from local concentrations, since TGF-β-effects depend on a complex system of regulatory proteins and receptors. Instead the effects of TGF-β might be inferred by examining TGF-β-inducible transcripts. In this study DNA microarrays were used to examine local expression of TGF-β, TGF-β-regulatory and -inducible transcripts in nasal biopsies from patients with symptomatic allergic rhinitis and healthy controls. In addition, nasal fluids were analysed with cytological and immunological methods. Nasal fluid eosinophils, albumin, eosinophil granulae proteins and IgE, but not TGF-β, were higher in patients than in controls. DNA microarray analysis of nasal mucosa showed expression of transcripts encoding TGF-β, TGF-β-regulatory proteins and -receptors at variable levels in patients and controls. By comparison, analysis of 28 TGF-β-inducible transcripts indicated that 23 of these had lower measurement values in patients than in controls, while one was higher, and the remaining four were absent in both patients and controls. In summary, TGF-β and a complex system of regulatory genes and receptors are expressed in the nasal mucosa. Low expression of TGF-β-inducible transcripts may indicate decreased TGF-β activity in allergic rhinitis. DNA microarray analysis may be a way to study cytokine effects in vivo.
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