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- Widegren, Ebba, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of anterior cingulate GABA+ and glutamate on emotion regulation and reactivity in adolescents and adults
- 2024
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Ingår i: Developmental Psychobiology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0012-1630 .- 1098-2302. ; 66:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During adolescence, emotion regulation and reactivity are still developing and are in many ways qualitatively different from adulthood. However, the neurobiological processes underpinning these differences remain poorly understood, including the role of maturing neurotransmitter systems. We combined magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and self-reported emotion regulation and reactivity in a sample of typically developed adolescents (n = 37; 13-16 years) and adults (n = 39; 30-40 years), and found that adolescents had higher levels of glutamate to total creatine (tCr) ratio in the dACC than adults. A glutamate i age group interaction indicated a differential relation between dACC glutamate levels and emotion regulation in adolescents and adults, and within-group follow-up analyses showed that higher levels of glutamate/tCr were related to worse emotion regulation skills in adolescents. We found no age-group differences in gamma-aminobutyric acid+macromolecules (GABA+) levels; however, emotion reactivity was positively related to GABA+/tCr in the adult group, but not in the adolescent group. The results demonstrate that there are developmental changes in the concentration of glutamate, but not GABA+, within the dACC from adolescence to adulthood, in accordance with previous findings indicating earlier maturation of the GABA-ergic than the glutamatergic system. Functionally, glutamate and GABA+ are positively related to emotion regulation and reactivity, respectively, in the mature brain. In the adolescent brain, however, glutamate is negatively related to emotion regulation, and GABA+ is not related to emotion reactivity. The findings are consistent with synaptic pruning of glutamatergic synapses from adolescence to adulthood and highlight the importance of brain maturational processes underlying age-related differences in emotion processing.
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| 2. |
- Widegren, Ebba, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of anterior cingulate GABA+ and glutamate on emotion regulation and reactivity in adolescents and adults
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Developmental Psychobiology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0012-1630 .- 1098-2302. ; 66:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During adolescence, emotion regulation and reactivity are still developing and are in many ways qualitatively different from adulthood. However, the neurobiological processes underpinning these differences remain poorly understood, including the role of maturing neurotransmitter systems. We combined magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and self-reported emotion regulation and reactivity in a sample of typically developed adolescents (n = 37; 13–16 years) and adults (n = 39; 30–40 years), and found that adolescents had higher levels of glutamate to total creatine (tCr) ratio in the dACC than adults. A glutamate Í age group interaction indicated a differential relation between dACC glutamate levels and emotion regulation in adolescents and adults, and within-group follow-up analyses showed that higher levels of glutamate/tCr were related to worse emotion regulation skills in adolescents. We found no age-group differences in gamma-aminobutyric acid+macromolecules (GABA+) levels; however, emotion reactivity was positively related to GABA+/tCr in the adult group, but not in the adolescent group. The results demonstrate that there are developmental changes in the concentration of glutamate, but not GABA+, within the dACC from adolescence to adulthood, in accordance with previous findings indicating earlier maturation of the GABA-ergic than the glutamatergic system. Functionally, glutamate and GABA+ are positively related to emotion regulation and reactivity, respectively, in the mature brain. In the adolescent brain, however, glutamate is negatively related to emotion regulation, and GABA+ is not related to emotion reactivity. The findings are consistent with synaptic pruning of glutamatergic synapses from adolescence to adulthood and highlight the importance of brain maturational processes underlying age-related differences in emotion processing.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Motilla Hoppe, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Association between amygdala neurokinin-1 receptor availability and anxiety-related personality traits
- 2018
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Ingår i: Translational Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2158-3188. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Animal studies indicate that substance P (SP) and its preferred neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor modulate stress and anxiety-related behavior. Alterations in the SP-NK1 system have also been observed in human anxiety disorders, yet little is known about the relation between this system and individual differences in personality traits associated with anxiety propensity and approach-avoidance behavior, including trait anxiety, neuroticism, and extraversion. Exploring this relation could provide important insights into the neurobiological underpinnings of human anxiety and the etiology of anxiety disorders, as anxious traits are associated with increased susceptibility to develop psychopathological conditions. Here we examined the relationship between central NK1 receptor availability and selfrated measures of trait anxiety, neuroticism, and extraversion. The amygdala was chosen as the primary region of interest since this structure has been suggested to mediate the effect of the SP-NK1 system on anxiety. Anxious traits and NK1 receptor availability, determined with positron emission tomography and the radiotracer [C-11]GR205171, were measured in 17 healthy individuals. Voxel-wise analyses showed a significant positive correlation between bilateral amygdala NK1 receptor availability and trait anxiety, and a trend in similar direction was observed for neuroticism. Conversely, extraversion was found to be negatively associated with amygdala NK1 receptor availability. Extraversion also correlated negatively with the NK1 measure in the cuneus/precuneus and fusiform gyrus according to exploratory whole-brain analyses. In conclusion, our findings indicate that amygdala NK1 receptor availability is associated with anxiety-related personality traits in healthy subjects, consistent with a modulatory role for the SP-NK1 system in human anxiety.
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| 6. |
- Motilla Hoppe, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Internet-delivered approach-avoidance conflict task shows temporal stability and relation to trait anxiety
- 2022
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Ingår i: Learning and Motivation. - : Elsevier. - 0023-9690 .- 1095-9122. ; 80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Excessive avoidance causes functional impairment and maintains anxiety disorders. In the lab-oratory, approach-avoidance conflict tasks (AACT) can be used to study approach-avoidance behavior in mixed outcome situations (i.e., the same behavior entails both aversive and rewarding consequences). We tested the feasibility of a novel, internet-delivered AACT (iAACT) by conceptually replicating results from laboratory AACTs, including the temporal stability of results and the relation between trait anxiety and approach-avoidance behavior. Individuals from the general population (n = 186) completed a measure of trait anxiety and the iAACT, which entailed choosing either to approach aversive stimuli (image-sound) and receive a reward (points), or to avoid them and not receive a reward (i.e., costly avoidance). The temporal stability of approach-avoidance behavior was assessed by inviting participants to repeat the iAACT six weeks later (n = 91). Consistent with previous findings in laboratory AACTs, results showed that approach behavior to aversive stimuli increased with higher reward levels. These findings were replicated in the follow-up session. Also consistent with previous studies, higher trait anxiety was associated with elevated costly avoidance. In conclusion, the consistency of our results with laboratory studies indicates that the iAACT is feasible and may provide a cost-effective and scalable method to study anxiety-related approach-avoidance behavior remotely.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Singh, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Qualitative analysis of hotspots and intrusive memories after viewing an aversive film highlights their sensory and spatial features
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1, s. 7049-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intrusive memories of trauma are recurrent distressing sensory-perceptual impressions of the traumatic event that enter consciousness spontaneously and unwanted. They often contain the worst moment/s (‘hotspots’) of the trauma memory and have primarily been studied in clinical populations after real trauma. Intrusive memories can also be studied using analogue trauma as an ‘experimental psychology model’. Little is known about the features of analogue trauma hotspots. Here we report an ancillary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial. Seventy non-clinical participants viewed a trauma film containing COVID-19 related footage. Features of hotspots/intrusive memories of the film were explored using linguistic analysis and qualitative content coding. Participants reported on average five hotspots (M = 9.5 words/hotspot). Akin to hotspots soon after real trauma, analogue hotspots/intrusions primarily contained words related to space. Most contained sensory features, yet few cognitions and emotions. Results indicate that features of analogue trauma hotspots mirror those of hotspots soon after real trauma, speaking to the clinical validity of this ‘experimental psychology model’.ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04608097, registered on 29/10/2020.
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| 9. |
- Wlad, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex activity during cognitive challenge in social anxiety disorder
- 2023
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Ingår i: Behavioural Brain Research. - : Elsevier. - 0166-4328 .- 1872-7549. ; 442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is associated with aberrant emotional information processing while little is known about non-emotional cognitive processing biases. The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) has been implicated in SAD neuropathology and is activated both by emotional and non-affective cognitive challenges like the Multisource Interference Task (MSIT).Methods: Here, we used fMRI to compare dACC activity and test performance during MSIT in 69 SAD patients and 38 healthy controls. In addition to patient-control comparisons, we examined whether neural activity in the dACC correlated with social anxiety, trait anxiety or depression levels.Results: The MSIT activated the dACC as expected but with no differences in task performance or neural reactivity between SAD patients and controls. There were no significant correlations between dACC activity and social or trait anxiety symptom severity. In patients, there was a significant negative correlation between dACC activity and depressive symptoms.Conclusions: In absence of affective challenge, we found no disorder-related cognitive profile in SAD patients since neither MSIT task performance nor dACC neural activity deviated in patients relative to controls.
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| 10. |
- Ågren, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Extensive functional connectivity between brain areas implicated in mental imagery production and phobic fear during both emotional and neutral mental imagery
- 2024
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Ingår i: Behavioural Brain Research. - : Elsevier. - 0166-4328 .- 1872-7549. ; 462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mental imagery is used by most people in their day-to-day cognition, for example, in planning, daydreaming, or remembering. Importantly, mental imagery has a powerful influence on emotion and is critically involved in many mental disorders. Thus, understanding the link between mental imagery and emotion is of clinical interest. For example, exposure therapy can be successfully conducted using mental imagery of fear-provoking stimuli, i.e., imaginal exposure. In this vein, accumulating evidence shows that mental imagery of a fearful stimulus produces a similar physiological and neural response as actual perception of the stimulus. Alas, knowledge of the neural processes underlying the link between mental imagery and emotion is limited. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data from a previous study on imaginal exposure (N = 30) was used to examine the functional connectivity during the production of phobic and neutral mental imagery. Regions of interest were selected from meta-analyses on brain regions consistently recruited during mental imagery production and phobic fear, respectively. Results showed that these regions were positively correlated during both phobic and neutral mental imagery production. Very few differences in functional connectivity between phobic and neutral imagery were found. Specifically, weaker functional connectivity between the supplemental motor area and a region including parts of the left insula and inferior frontal gyrus was observed during phobic (vs neutral) imagery. In conclusion, our findings suggest that brain regions previously implicated in mental imagery production and phobic fear are highly interconnected during the production of both phobic and neutral imagery.
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