| 1. |
- Dénarié, Alice, et al.
(författare)
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A validated method to assess the network length and the heat distribution costs of potential district heating systems in Italy
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management. - Aalborg, Denmark : Aalborg Universitetsforlag. - 2246-2929. ; 31, s. 59-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The evaluation of the district heating network investment costs requires the knowledge of its topology. However, when assessing district heating potential, the topology is not known a priori and a simulation is required. One method for modelling future heat networks involves the use of Minimum Spanning Tree, from the graph theory. In this work, the MST is used together with real networks lengths to elaborate an updated equation describing the effective width in correlation with the number of building ratio instead of plot ratio. The reason motivating the use of simulated networks lies in the goal of analysing sparse areas where there’s a general lack of data. In this study, the census cells vertexes and local roads layout are used as inputs for the application of the MST in order to simulate DH network layouts in areas where DH is not present. The method has been validated by running simulations in areas where DH is already present, allowing the comparison of the respective lengths. The validation shows a variable but systematic overestimation of the simulated lengths. The study of the error has brought to the definition of a correlation between accuracy of results and the share of buildings with centralized heating systems suitable for DH connection. The updated version of the effective width confirms the exponential tendency and gives higher results for Italian cities then for Scandinavian ones, showing an important impact of the city structure in the curve. The city of Milano is finally used as a case study to show the effects of using the updated effective width curve.
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| 2. |
- Dénarié, Alice, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of renewable and waste heat recovery for DH through GIS mapping : the national potential in Italy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Book of Abstracts. ; , s. 129-129
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This work aims at showing the potential of waste and renewable heat recovery in Italy through detailed mapping of these sources. The ambition of this analysis is to highlight the areas with important heat recovery potential and to show how the matching with suitable heat demand would allow its exploitation through district heating expansion. The importance of waste heat and renewable heat potentially recoverable to reduce primary energy consumption in the civil sector is widely recognized. Nevertheless, these potential is widely unexploited in Italy. The processes and energy sources have been analysed in terms of geographical location, quantification of available heat and recovery costs with a special focus on temperature levels. The main distinction between low temperature and high temperature heat sources has been applied in order to identify the heat recovery characteristics and the consequent additional costs for temperature upgrades. The inputs of the analysis performed in this work come from national database, which has allowed obtaining more detailed and wider results with respect to international existing studies on the same subject. Two different approaches have been used to map potential heat: one to identify and quantify existing waste heat recovery and one to assess and estimate energy coming from potential new plants. The analysed sources belonging to the first category are industrial processes, waste to energy plants, waste water treatment plants and datacentres, while biomass, geothermal energy and electrolysis plants estimation belong to the second one. Results shows that the national available waste and renewable heat amount to 270 TWh which is an important outcome in comparison with a national heat demand for the residential and tertiary sector of 400 TWh. Out of this results, according to a nuts 3 regional aggregation of heat demand, 95 TWh could be recovered in DH. The reduction from theoretical potential of 270 TWh to 95 TWh is due to geographical matching of heat demand and available waste heat and on some hypothesis related to the diffusion of DH. This work shows the huge unexpressed potential of waste heat reutilisation in Italy and how the mapping of recoverable heat and not only its quantification is essential to properly estimate the utilization potential.
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| 3. |
- Dénarié, Alice, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of waste and renewable heat recovery in DH through GIS mapping : The national potential in Italy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Smart Energy. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 2666-9552. ; 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work aims at showing the unexploited potential of waste and renewable heat in Italy through detailed mapping of these sources. The ambition is to highlight the areas with an important heat recovery potential that could be exploited through DH expansion. The recoverable heat sources have been analysed in terms of geographical location, and recovery aspects with a special focus on temperature levels and technological implications for temperature upgrades. The methodology presented in this work addresses not only the theoretical potential of waste heat and renewable heat use in DH, but also several technical aspects to get a result as closer as possible to the realistic potential at national level. Two different approaches have been used to map potential heat: one to quantify existing waste heat recovery from industrial processes, waste to energy plants, wastewater treatment plants and one to estimate the energy coming from potential new plants based on biomass, geothermal energy and solar thermal. Results shows that for a total heat demand for the civil sector of 329 TWh, out of which 114 TWh come out being suitable for a DH connection, the national available waste and renewable heat that could be integrated in DH amounts to 156 TWh. These results show the significant unexpressed potential of waste heat use in Italy and how its mapping is essential to properly estimate the utilization potential. This work has been commissioned by AIRU, Italian DH association. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd.
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| 4. |
- Fattori, Fabrizio, et al.
(författare)
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An open spatial optimisation model to assess economically sustainable national district heating potential
- 2021
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Ingår i: Book of Abstracts : 7th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The economical sustainability of DH compared to individual heating systems depends on the cost of producing heat, transporting and distributing it. Assessing economically sustainable potential of district heating DH thus requires the ability to combine this costs, detecting the relative distance of sources and demands and the density of demand, comparing it to the alternative solution. In this work we present an open model, based on the Oemof modelling framework, which is able to take into account the possibility of connecting sources and demands on national scale level with a high spatial resolution. The model considers the investment and operating costs of production and distribution of heat in competition with the individual heating systems costs specific to each area. The end result is the most economically viable heat supply configuration, identifying the demand shares where the most cost-effective solutions are individual systems or DH and its composition in terms of energy sources. The model is part of the method used for the assessment of district heating potential in Italy. The latter is based on GIS maps of both energy demand, waste and renewable heat sources. Of the 114 TWh of potential demand for DH, 38 TWh are those that the optimisation suggests could be economically served by DH. The composition is mostly waste heat, 22 TWh, geothermal heat, 11 TWh and a minority of solar thermal, 2 TWh with 3 TWH of natural gas CHP back up.
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| 5. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Sartelli, Massimo, et al.
(författare)
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Ten golden rules for optimal antibiotic use in hospital settings: the WARNING call to action
- 2023
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Ingår i: WORLD JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY SURGERY. - 1749-7922. ; 18:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibiotics are recognized widely for their benefits when used appropriately. However, they are often used inappropriately despite the importance of responsible use within good clinical practice. Effective antibiotic treatment is an essential component of universal healthcare, and it is a global responsibility to ensure appropriate use. Currently, pharmaceutical companies have little incentive to develop new antibiotics due to scientific, regulatory, and financial barriers, further emphasizing the importance of appropriate antibiotic use. To address this issue, the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery established an international multidisciplinary task force of 295 experts from 115 countries with different backgrounds. The task force developed a position statement called WARNING (Worldwide Antimicrobial Resistance National/International Network Group) aimed at raising awareness of antimicrobial resistance and improving antibiotic prescribing practices worldwide. The statement outlined is 10 axioms, or "golden rules," for the appropriate use of antibiotics that all healthcare workers should consistently adhere in clinical practice.
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| 7. |
- Spirito, Giulia, et al.
(författare)
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Potential diffusion of renewable-based 3GDH and 4GDH assessment through energy mapping : a case study in Milano
- 2020
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Ingår i: Book of Abstracts. - Aalborg : Aalborg Universitetsforlag. ; , s. 143-143
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This work aims at developing a potential analysis of the diffusion of renewable-based low temperature district heating systems, through the mapping of energy demand, renewable and waste heat sources using the Italian city of Milano as a demonstrative case study. This analysis starts from the question to seek what would be the future sustainability of district heating in the framework of the foreseen scenario of building refurbishment and consequent reduction of heat demand. District heating has proven to be a recognised way to efficiently distribute renewable energy in dense urban areas. But the feasibility of this energy system is questioned in case of low heat demand and scarce availability of waste heat sources. Milano is a densely populated city, with an intense energy demand, where district heating has a low market share (<10%), which leaves the important issue of sever air pollution and where there seems to be no availability of renewable energy source. This work has been developed together with the local DH utility in order to support the municipality in defining the priority measures to be implemented in the next years in the local Environmental Plan. The developed analysis shows that DH has a wide undeveloped potential in the city which could benefit of an important amount of renewables and waste heat recovery if the temperatures where decreased by benefitting in reality by a massive energy refurbishment. The results show that the development of renewable-based low temperature district heating is not an alternative nor in competition with building energy refurbishment, but complementary. The feasibility is based on a mapping of the available waste heat sources in the city namely, industrial sites, waste water treatment plants, metro stations, datacentres, and ground water wells. For a total residential demand of 8 TWh, results showed that 6 TWh could be technically potentially covered by DH, out of which 80% at same or lower distribution costs than the existing DH system in the city. Considering the future energy demand, an energy reduction scenario has been considered in accordance with the national energy strategy for 2050, which foresee the 60% of the building stock going through important energy refurbishment. The estimated energy needs for this fraction of refurbished building stock amounts to 5 TWh out of which 2 TWh can be fed by low temperature plastic network at the same distribution costs of current 3GDH. In parallel to this reduction of energy needs, the reduction of temperature characterizing 4GDH systems opens the door to a wider set of low temperature heat recovery: the outcomes of the mapping and quantification of low temperature heat sources shows a potential of 4.5 TWh of recoverable heat in the city which increases to 5.2 considering also the surrounding suburbs. The outcomes of this works confirm the results of Stratego projects which identified the nut region surrounding Milano has a heat synergy regions and it emphasize this results by showing the effect of widening the range of heat sources by lowering the demand of network.
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| 8. |
- Spirito, Giulia, et al.
(författare)
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Potential Diffusion of Renewables-Based DH Assessment through Clustering and Mapping : A Case Study in Milano
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energies. - Basel, Switzerland : MDPI. - 1996-1073. ; 14:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work aims at developing a methodology for the assessment of district heating (DH) potential through the mapping of energy demand and waste heat sources. The presented method is then applied to the Metropolitan City of Milano as a case study in order to investigate the current and, especially, the future sustainability of DH with the foreseen building refurbishment and consequent heat demand reduction. The first step is the identification of the areas the most interesting from a heat density and an economic point of view through a clustering algorithm, in which lies the main novelty of the work. The potential is then assessed by investigating their synergy with the available heat sources, which are mapped and analyzed in terms of recoverable thermal energy and costs. In future scenarios with foreseen heat demand reduction, low-temperature networks and excess heat sources are considered, such as metro stations and datacenters, together with the conventional sources, such as thermoelectric plants. The outcomes prove that lower heat demand corresponds to higher network costs with consequently reduced district heating potential but also prove that the properties of low-temperature district heating can potentially compensate for the drop in its cost-effectiveness. Another interesting finding is that the renovation of buildings in an area should be not performed evenly but with criteria; for instance, in synergy with DH diffusion. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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