| 1. |
- Abdallah, Clement Kamil, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the quality of water used for vegetable irrigation in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper assesses water quality that is used for vegetable irrigation in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana. A mixed-method of research design was employed in this study to collect and analyze the data based on survey instruments. The paper found that Escherichia coli (E. coli) that is usually used as an indicator of water contamination and heavy metals exist in all taken water samples. The mean concentrations of nutrients such as ammonia, nitrate, nitrite and phosphate were recorded as 0.022 mg/l to 5.98 mg/l for ammonia, 1.06 mg/l to 7.52 mg/l for nitrate, 0.031 mg/l to 0.056 mg/l for nitrate and 0.037 mg/l to 0.069 mg/l for phosphate. E. coli and Total Coliforms levels for Sanghani, Kamina and Waterworks from the laboratory analysis were recorded as 3.2x10(3) CFU 100 m/l and 5.5x10(2) CFU 100 m/l, 4.0x10(3) CFU 100 m/l and 1x10(2) CFU 100 m/l, and 2.1x10(3) CFU 100 m/l and 4.6x10(2) CFU 100 m/l respectively. To conclude, based on the measured parameters, water used for irrigation in the Tamale Metropolitan is polluted and may cause potential health risks. Therefore, farmers, traders and consumers need to apply further safety measures to make the vegetables safe.
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| 2. |
- Aboniyo, Josiane, et al.
(författare)
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Role of Community Based Organizations in Transferring Climate Change Information in Rwanda
- 2017
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Ingår i: Research Journal of Environmental Sciences. - : Science Alert. - 2151-8238 .- 1819-3412. ; 11:4, s. 156-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Objective: Climate change poses a threat for agriculture and development in Rwanda. The agricultural sector in Rwanda is the engine of economic growth and modernization. This study examines the role of community based organizations (CBOs) in transferring climate change information to farmers’ communities in Rwanda. Materials and Methods: Three districts (Kirehe, Rwamagana and Ngoma) were studied and two active CBOs (RWIRRI and RADO) were selected for data collection. A total of 100 farmer households were interviewed. A focus group discussion of fifteen participants was conducted in the community. Results: The results showed that the CBOs played a good role in increasing farmers’ awareness related to climate change and adaptation strategies. CBOs had built a capacity in the local communities regarding improved agricultural methods, climate variability and climate change effects. The adaptation strategies could improve the livelihood conditions of the communities. Conclusion: CBOs had played a role in increasing farmers’ awareness and had built their capacity regarding to climate change and crops productivity.
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| 3. |
- Almasalmeh, O, et al.
(författare)
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Soil erosion and sediment transport modelling using hydrological models and remote sensing techniques in Wadi Billi, Egypt
- 2021
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Ingår i: Modeling Earth Systems and Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2363-6203 .- 2363-6211. ; 8:1, s. 1215-1226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modelling soil erosion and sediment transport are vital to assess the impact of the flash floods. However, limited research works have studied sediment transport, especially in Egypt. This paper employs the HEC-HMS lumped hydrological model to predict the sediment load due to the flood event of 9th March 2014 in Wadi Billi, Egypt. The Modified USLE model has been used to calculate the total upland erosion, while Laursen-Copeland has been used to simulate load streams' sediment transport potential. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) has been applied over Landsat 8 image captured on 20th February 2014 using ArcMap 10.5 to determine the vegetation cover based on its spectral footprint. The resulted sedigraph showed accumulation of more than five thousand tons of sediments at the Wadi's outlet. The results are crucial to design a suitable stormwater management system to protect the downstream urban area and to use flood water for groundwater recharge.
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| 4. |
- Berrezel, Y. A., et al.
(författare)
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Decision support system for the management of water distribution networks a case study of Tourville, Algeria
- 2023
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Ingår i: Larhyss Journal. - : Research Laboratory in Subterranean and Surface Hydraulics, University of Biskra. - 1112-3680. ; 2023:54, s. 7-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The analysis of the current situation of water distribution networks (WDNs) is based on many alternatives that are technically feasible and implemented by decision makers. Taking the WDN of Tourville city as a case study, this paper combines a set of decision support systems (DSSs), including geographic information systems (GISs), multicriteria analysis and hydraulic simulation models, to establish a multicriteria decision-making aid method for the renovation and rehabilitation of water distribution networks. This combination creates an expert management system based on multicriteria decision making that strengthens the optimization of the management of water distribution networks in terms of renovation and rehabilitation. After dividing the water distribution network into three emergency levels, it was concluded that 26% of the network is in urgent need of rehabilitation.
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| 5. |
- Bizuhoraho, Theobald, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Land Use Systems on Soil Properties; A case study from Rwanda
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sustainable Agriculture Research. - : Canadian Center of Science and Education. - 1927-0518 .- 1927-050X. ; 7:2, s. 30-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Land use change has a significant impact on the ecosystem. In this paper the effects of land use change on the physicochemical properties of the soil in Rulindo District, Rwanda have been studied. Three different land use types were selected; forestland, cattle farmland and cultivated land. A randomised complete block research design was used to carry out this research. Nine soil samples were collected and then analysed. The distributed samples were analysed in the Soil Laboratory of University of Rwanda-Busogo campus, while the undisturbed samples were analysed in-situ. Eight physicochemical properties were measured: pH, Organic Matter (OM), available nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, soil bulk density, moisture content and porosity. The results showed that changing land use from forest or farm to cultivated land reduced the organic matter, available nitrogen, soil moisture and porosity while bulk density and pH were significantly increasing. On the other hand, the exchangeable potassium and exchangeable phosphorus did not change significantly for the both land use changes. Hence, the reduction of forestland and farmland are highly sensible to erosion and will decline soil fertility. The paper proposed few steps and recommendations to be the base for a new sustainable land use management in Rwanda.
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| 6. |
- Bwambale, Joash, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling the impact of climate change on maize yield in Victoria Nile Sub-basin, Uganda
- 2022
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Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : SPRINGER HEIDELBERG. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agriculture is the backbone of Uganda's economy, with about 24.9% contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP) as per the Uganda National Household Survey 2016/17. Agricultural productivity (yield per hectare) is still low due to the high dependence on rain-fed subsistence farming. Climate change is expected to further reduce the yield per hectare. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the potential impact of climate change on maize yield in the Victoria Nile Sub-basin using the AquaCrop model. It further assesses the possible adaptation measures to climate change. The Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model version 2-Earth System (HadGEM2-ES) data downloaded from the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) was used to simulate maize yield in the near future (2021-2040), mid future (2041-2070) and late future (2071-2099). Results show that maize yield is likely to reduce by as high as 1-10%, 2-42% and 1-39% in the near, mid and late futures, respectively, depending on the agro-ecological zone. This decline in maize yield can have a significant impact on regional food security as well as socio-economic well-being since maize is a staple crop. The study also shows that improving soil fertility has no significant impact on maize yield under climate change. However, a combined application of supplementary irrigation and shifting the planting dates is a promising strategy to maintain food security and socio-economic development. This study presents important findings and adaptation strategies that policymakers and other stakeholders such as farmers can implement to abate the effects of climate change on crop production.
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| 7. |
- Chidya, Russel C. G., et al.
(författare)
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Standards Compliance and Health Implications of Bottled Water in Malawi
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601. ; 16:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many people around the globe prefer bottled water especially in developing countries, where tap water is not drinkable. This study investigated the quality of bottled drinking water sold in Lilongwe city, Malawi. Compliance with Malawi Standards (MS) 560 (2004) for natural mineral water, MS 699 (2004) for bottled water and the World Health Organisation guidelines for drinking water were examined. Bottled water from different 12 brands was purchased from local stores and analysed for its pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), EC, turbidity, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, NO3−, Cl−, F−, SO42−, hardness, alkalinity, and Escherichia coli. A Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) resulted in two clusters in which most of the brands (92%, n = 12) belonged to one group. The two clusters and significant differences (ANOVA p < 0.05) in chemical compositions among the brands were attributed to the variations in the water source and the treatment processes. The results showed that 10 brands did not comply with the MS 699 (2004) turbidity standard (1 NTU) and the pH of one of the brands was below the minimum MS 699 (2004) standard of 6.50. This research showed that 12 brands had bottle labelling errors and discrepancies in chemical composition. The article highlighted the need for a strict inspection from the responsible governmental ministry to improve water quality and to adjust water bottles’ labels according to water characteristics.
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| 8. |
- Cosmas, Nwedeh Chukwuemeka, et al.
(författare)
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An econometric analysis of the macroeconomic determinants of carbon dioxide emissions in Nigeria
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 675, s. 313-324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined an econometric analysis of the macroeconomic determinants of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission in Nigeria, covering the periods between 1981 and 2016, employing both linear and non-linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL & NARDL) models. The time series data used were sourced from the database of the World Bank Development Indicators, 2016 and Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, 2017 edition. The main macroeconomic variables driving CO2 emissions in Nigeria were considered. The time series properties of the data were examined using the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root tests for stationarity, and it was found that all the variables were first differenced stationary, except financial development and population density that were stationary at the level form. The finding from environment-economic relationship refutes the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and found N-shaped relationship in Nigeria. Overall changes in GDP per capita showed strong magnitudes of impacts on CO2 emission and GDP per capita bi-directionally granger caused energy consumption, which reversely caused increase in CO2 emission. Trend analyses revealed that emission fell from 0.64 metric tons between 2005 and 2010 to 0.52 metric tons between 2011 and 2016. Based on these results, a concerted effort of Ministry of finance in partnership with the ministry of environment in strengthening green bond issuance, subsidies and incentives to encourage the competitiveness of renewable energy technologies is paramount. The government must also initiate carbon tax for polluting industries and increase energy supply to stimulate industrial production since increase in energy consumption exhibited negative relationship with CO2 emissions.
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| 9. |
- Durodola, Oludare Sunday, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling Maize Yield and Water Requirements under Different Climate Change Scenarios
- 2020
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Ingår i: Climate. - : MDPI. - 2225-1154. ; 8:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- African countries such as Nigeria are anticipated to be more susceptible to the impacts of climate change due to large dependence on rainfed agriculture and to several uncertainties in the responses of crop production to climate change. The impacts of climate change on crop water requirements (CWR), irrigation water requirements (IWR), yields and crop water productivity (CWP) of rainfed maize in Ogun-Osun River Basin, Nigeria were evaluated for a baseline period (1986-2015) and future projection period (2021-2099) under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. For the baseline period, there is no significant trend within the variables studied. However, IWR is projected to increase significantly by up to 140% in the future period, while yield might likely decline under both scenarios up to -12%. This study shows that in the future periods, supplemental irrigation has little impact in improving yields, but an increase in soil fertility can improve yields and CWP by up to 80% in 2099. This paper offers useful information on suitable adaptation measures which could be implemented by stakeholders and policymakers to counterbalance the effects of climate change on crop production.
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| 10. |
- Durodola, Oludare Sunday, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling the impacts of climate change on soybeans water use and yields in Ogun-Ona river basin, Nigeria
- 2020
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Ingår i: Agriculture (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2077-0472. ; 10:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- African countries such as Nigeria are anticipated to be more susceptible to the impacts of climate change due to reliance on rainfed agriculture. In this regard, the impacts of climate change on crop water requirements (CWR), yields and crop water productivity (CWP) of soybean in the Ogun-Ona River Basin, Nigeria, were evaluated for the baseline period (1986–2015) and future period (2021–2099) under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios using AquaCrop Version 6.1. Future climate projections from the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute’s climate models (HadGEM2-ES and RCA4) were used in simulating the future scenarios. The results show that for the baseline period, CWR and yield are increasing while CWP shows a slight increase. For the future period, the CWR is projected to fluctuate and depend on the rainfall pattern. Meanwhile, carbon dioxide fertilization has positive effects on yield and is projected to increase up to 40% under RCP 8.5. The results of this study certainly offer useful information on suitable adaption measures which could be implemented by stakeholders and policymakers to improve soybean productivity in Nigeria.
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