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- Andiné, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Behandling och bedömning i rättspsykiatrisk vård – En kartläggning av systematiska översikter : SBU Kartlägger • Rapport 264/2017
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Statens beredning för medicinsk och social utvärdering (SBU) har gjort denna kartläggning för att ta reda på inom vilka områden det finns behov av kunskap kring insatser i rättspsykiatrisk vård. Uppdraget kommer från Socialdepartementet som efterlyser ökad kunskap om evidensläget för rättspsykiatrisk vård. Kartläggningen visar att behovet av väl genomförd forskning är stort för behandlingar i rättspsykiatrisk vård. Samtliga domäner som SBU har kartlagt saknar tillförlitligt sammanställd forskning specifikt för personer som vårdas inom rättspsykiatri.
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| 3. |
- Mejàre, Ingegerd A., et al.
(författare)
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A Systematic Map of Systematic Reviews in Pediatric Dentistry : What Do We Really Know?
- 2015
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To identify, appraise and summarize existing knowledge and knowledge gaps in practice-relevant questions in pediatric dentistry. Methods A systematic mapping of systematic reviews was undertaken for domains considered important in daily clinical practice. The literature search covered questions in the following domains: behavior management problems/dental anxiety; caries risk assessment and caries detection including radiographic technologies; prevention and non-operative treatment of caries in primary and young permanent teeth; operative treatment of caries in primary and young permanent teeth; prevention and treatment of periodontal disease; management of tooth developmental and mineralization disturbances; prevention and treatment of oral conditions in children with chronic diseases/developmental disturbances/obesity; diagnosis, prevention and treatment of dental erosion and tooth wear; treatment of traumatic injuries in primary and young permanent teeth and cost-effectiveness of these interventions. Abstracts and full text reviews were assessed independently by two reviewers and any differences were solved by consensus. AMSTAR was used to assess the risk of bias of each included systematic review. Reviews judged as having a low or moderate risk of bias were used to formulate existing knowledge and knowledge gaps. Results Out of 81 systematic reviews meeting the inclusion criteria, 38 were judged to have a low or moderate risk of bias. Half of them concerned caries prevention. The quality of evidence was high for a caries-preventive effect of daily use of fluoride toothpaste and moderate for fissure sealing with resin-based materials. For the rest the quality of evidence for the effects of interventions was low or very low. Conclusion There is an urgent need for primary clinical research of good quality in most clinically-relevant domains in pediatric dentistry.
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- Mowafi, Frida
(författare)
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Chemokines and chemokine receptors during viral infections in man
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Chemokines and chemokine receptors are critical mediators of cell migration during immune surveillance, inflammation and development. The generation of antibody responses depends on B and T cell collaboration within germinal centers in lymphoid tissue. Activation of B lymphocytes is accompanied by alternations in chemokine responsiveness that brings together the antigen specific B cells with its cognate CD4 T cell. Several human viral infections have been shown to interfere with chemokine receptor expression and signaling, I have studied two human viruses. Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infects mainly CD4+ T cells but infection is associated with impaired B cell function with loss of B cell responses to specific antigens and a loss of B cells with memory phenotype. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in contrary infects mainly B cells and is associated with a variety of human malignancies. The aim of this thesis was to i) characterize chemokine receptor expression on different subpopulations of B cells during chronic HIV-1 infection and primary EBV infection; ii) study the effects of altered receptor expression on B cell migration during HIV-1 and EBV infection and iii) clarify the role of CXCL12 for proliferation and signaling in childhood pre-B ALL. Our main finding in paper I was a decreased expression of CXCR5 both at the mRNA and protein level on B cells from HIV-1 infected individuals compared to controls. We could also detect an increase in CXCL13 expression in B cells from HIV-1 infected subjects. In paper II and III, tonsillar B cells were infected with EBV and the expression of CXCR4, CXCR5 and CCR7 was followed over time. Already two days after infection, a decrease of surface CXCR4, CXCR5 and CCR7 was detected and after 14 day of infection both CXCR4, CXCR5 and CCR7 was totally absent from the cell surface. EBV infection also caused a decrease in migration towards the respective ligands compared to uninfected B cells. In order to further investigate the CXCR4/CXCL12 pathway in pre B leukemic cells, we found that CXCL12 enhances proliferation of ALL cells and signal transducer and activators 5 (STAT5) was activated upon ligation with CXCL12 (paper IV). CXCL12 has together with interleukin-7 (IL-7) been shown to enhance proliferation of leukemic cells and we could detect a higher IL-7 level in a few children with pre-B ALL compared to controls. Interestingly, in paper V, we showed that IL-7Rα is down-regulated on T cells in HIV-1 infected individuals and this correlated with depletion of CD4+ T cells in HIV-1 infected subjects. In summary, little is known about the impact of chemokines and chemokine receptors during viral infection and how it modulates the immune response. In these studies, I have shown that both HIV-1 and EBV influences B cell chemokine receptor expression and migration during infection in humans. The natural evolution of our work would be to study how chemokine and chemokine receptors affect the natural course of infection and evolution of immunological responses in experimental models of the viruses used in this thesis, e.g. HIV-1 and EBV.
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