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- Emek, Sinan Cem
(författare)
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Thylakoid Membranes and Pancreatic Lipase/Colipase
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Obesity is a major health problem in the world that increases the occurrence of type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The reason for obesity is a dysfunction in the regulation of energy balance. It has been shown that dietary fat induces satiety as long as this nutrient stays in the intestine. One important gastrointestinal satiety signal is cholecystokinin (CCK), released from the intestine by the entry of dietary fat and protein. The enzyme responsible for the main intestinal fat digestion is pancreatic lipase and its cofactor colipase. We have found that thylakoid membranes inhibit the activity of pancreatic lipase/colipase in vitro. Two mechanisms are suggested for this inhibition; 1) adsorption of the lipase/colipase to the thylakoid membranes, supported by binding experiments and 2) adsorption of the thylakoid membranes on the lipid droplets, supported by electron microscopy pictures. In both mechanisms access of the lipase/colipase complex to the lipid substrate is hindered. We have also found that thylakoid membranes induce satiety, increase cholecystokinin (CCK), and reduce as well serum triglycerides as insulin in human and animal models. In addition, thylakoid membranes were remarkably resistant towards the proteases pepsin, trypsin as well as towards whole gastric and pancreatic juice. Thus, thylakoid membranes have a potential as a food additive for preparation of food with health promoting properties.
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| 2. |
- Sartorius, B, et al.
(författare)
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An outbreak of mumps in Sweden, February-April 2004
- 2005
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Ingår i: Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin. - 1560-7917. ; 10:9, s. 191-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Pierre, Pernilla Videhult, et al.
(författare)
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High-Dose Furosemide Enhances the Magnetic Resonance Signal of Systemic Gadolinium in the Mammalian Cochlea
- 2020
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Ingår i: Otology and Neurotology. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 1531-7129 .- 1537-4505. ; 41:4, s. 545-553
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hypothesis:Furosemide alters the permeability of the intrastrial fluid-blood barrier.Background:The cochlear sensory cells are protected by the blood-perilymph and intrastrial fluid-blood barriers, which hinder substances, including gadolinium-based contrast agents (GdCAs), to enter the endolymphatic space. High-dose furosemide causes transient shift of hearing thresholds and morphological changes in stria vascularis. Furosemide is also known to enhance drug-induced ototoxicity.Methods:Furosemide (400mg/kg b.w.) was injected i.v. in Balb/C mice (n=20). Twenty minutes later, the GdCA gadobutrol, gadopentetic acid, or gadoteric acid was injected i.v. The distribution of GdCA to the perilymphatic and endolymphatic spaces was studied with MRI (9.4T) for 250minutes.Results:The perilymphatic and endolymphatic spaces were signal-enhanced in all animals. Gadopentetic acid and gadoteric acid yielded similar signal enhancement in all three scalae, while gadobutrol yielded significantly higher enhancement in scala tympani than scala media (p=0.043) and scala vestibuli (p=0.043). The signal enhancement reached a plateau but did not decrease during the time of observation.Conclusion:Treatment with a high dose of furosemide before injection of a GdCA resulted in enhancement of the MRI signal in the endolymphatic space as well as the perilymphatic space, which supports our hypothesis that furosemide alters the permeability of the intrastrial fluid-blood barrier.
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| 4. |
- Rudski, Lawrence G., et al.
(författare)
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Stressing the Cardiopulmonary Vascular System: The Role of Echocardiography
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. - : MOSBY-ELSEVIER. - 0894-7317 .- 1097-6795. ; 31:5, s. 527-
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cardiopulmonary vascular system represents a key determinant of prognosis in several cardiorespiratory diseases. Although right heart catheterization is considered the gold standard for assessing pulmonary hemodynamics, a comprehensive noninvasive evaluation including left and right ventricular reserve and function and cardiopulmonary interactions remains highly attractive. Stress echocardiography is crucial in the evaluation of many cardiac conditions, typically coronary artery disease but also heart failure and valvular heart disease. In stress echocardiographic applications beyond coronary artery disease, the assessment of the cardiopulmonary vascular system is a cornerstone. The possibility of coupling the left and right ventricles with the pulmonary circuit during stress can provide significant insight into cardiopulmonary physiology in healthy and diseased subjects, can support the diagnosis of the etiology of pulmonary hypertension and other conditions, and can offer valuable prognostic information. In this state-of-the-art document, the topic of stress echocardiography applied to the cardiopulmonary vascular system is thoroughly addressed, from pathophysiology to different stress modalities and echocardiographic parameters, from clinical applications to limitations and future directions.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Greczynski, Grzegorz, et al.
(författare)
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Core-level spectra and binding energies of transition metal nitrides by non-destructive x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy through capping layers
- 2017
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Ingår i: Applied Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-4332 .- 1873-5584. ; 396, s. 347-358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the first measurements of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) core level binding energies (BE: s) for the widely-applicable group IVb-VIb polycrystalline transition metal nitrides (TMN's) TiN, VN, CrN, ZrN, NbN, MoN, HfN, TaN, and WN as well as AlN and SiN, which are common components in the TMN-based alloy systems. Nitride thin film samples were grown at 400.degrees C by reactive dc magnetron sputtering from elemental targets in Ar/ N-2 atmosphere. For XPS measurements, layers are either (i) Ar+ ion-etched to remove surface oxides resulting from the air exposure during sample transfer from the growth chamber into the XPS system, or (ii) in situ capped with a few nm thick Cr or W overlayers in the deposition system prior to air-exposure and loading into the XPS instrument. Film elemental composition and phase content is thoroughly characterized with time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis (ToF(-) ERDA), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), and x-ray diffraction. High energy resolution core level XPS spectra acquired with monochromatic Al K alpha radiation on the ISO-calibrated instrument reveal that even mild etching conditions result in the formation of a nitrogen-deficient surface layer that substantially affects the extracted binding energy values. These spectra-modifying effects of Ar+ ion bombardment increase with increasing the metal atom mass due to an increasing nitrogen-to-metal sputter yield ratio. The superior quality of the XPS spectra obtained in a non-destructive way from capped TMN films is evident from that numerous metal peaks, including Ti 2p, V 2p, Zr 3d, and Hf 4f, exhibit pronounced satellite features, in agreement with previously published spectra from layers grown and analyzed in situ. In addition, the N/ metal concentration ratios are found to be 25-90% higher than those obtained from the corresponding ion-etched surfaces, and in most cases agree very well with the RBS and ToF-E ERDA values. The N 1 s BE: s extracted from capped TMN films, thus characteristic of a native surface, show a systematic trend, which contrasts with the large BE spread of literature "reference" values. Hence, non-destructive core level XPS employing capping layers provides an opportunity to obtain high-quality spectra, characteristic of virgin in situ grown and analyzed TMN films, although with larger versatility, and allows for extracting core level BE values that are more reliable than those obtained from sputter-cleaned N-deficient surfaces. Results presented here, recorded from a consistent set of binary TMN's grown under the same conditions and analyzed in the same instrument, provide a useful reference for future XPS studies of multinary materials systems allowing for true deconvolution of complex core level spectra.
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| 8. |
- Holub, Michal, et al.
(författare)
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Selected biomarkers correlate with the origin and severity of sepsis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Mediators of Inflammation. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0962-9351 .- 1466-1861. ; 2018
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The microbial etiology and source of sepsis influence the inflammatory response. Therefore, the plasma levels of cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10), chemokines (CCL2/MCP-1, MIP-1β), heparin-binding protein (HBP), soluble CD14 (sCD14), and cortisol were analyzed in blood from septic patients obtained during the first 96 hours of intensive care unit hospitalization. The etiology was established in 56 out of a total of 62 patients enrolled in the study. Plasma concentrations of MCP-1, sCD14, IL-6, and IL-10 were significantly higher in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP; n = 10) and infective endocarditis (IE; n = 11) compared to those with bacterial meningitis (BM; n = 18). Next, cortisol levels were higher in IE patients than in those with BM and CAP, and at one time point, cortisol was also higher in patients with gram-negative sepsis when compared to those with gram-positive infections. Furthermore, cortisol and MCP-1 levels correlated positively with the daily measured SOFA score. In addition, HBP levels were significantly higher in patients with IE than in those with BM. Our findings suggest that MCP-1, sCD14, IL-6, IL-10, cortisol, and HBP are modulated by the source of sepsis and that elevated MCP-1 and cortisol plasma levels are associated with sepsis-induced organ dysfunction.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Kasaragod, Prasad, et al.
(författare)
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Structural enzymology comparisons of multifunctional enzyme, type-1 (MFE1) : the flexibility of its dehydrogenase part
- 2017
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Ingår i: FEBS Open Bio. - : Wiley. - 2211-5463. ; 7:12, s. 1830-1842
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multifunctional enzyme, type-1 (MFE1) is a monomeric enzyme with a 2E-enoyl-CoA hydratase and a 3S-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HAD) active site. Enzyme kinetic data of rat peroxisomal MFE1 show that the catalytic efficiencies for converting the short-chain substrate 2E-butenoyl-CoA into acetoacetyl-CoA are much lower when compared with those of the homologous monofunctional enzymes. The mode of binding of acetoacetyl-CoA (to the hydratase active site) and the very similar mode of binding of NAD + and NADH (to the HAD part) are described and compared with those of their monofunctional counterparts. Structural comparisons suggest that the conformational flexibility of the HAD and hydratase parts of MFE1 are correlated. The possible importance of the conformational flexibility of MFE1 for its biocatalytic properties is discussed.
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