| 1. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 2. |
- Akbar, Nabeela, et al.
(författare)
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Tunning tin-based perovskite as an electrolyte for semiconductor protonic fuel cells
- 2022
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Ingår i: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 47:8, s. 5531-5540
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of ceramic semiconductors to serve as an efficient proton conductor is an evolving approach in the novel emerging field of semiconductor protonic fuel cells (SPFCs). One of the most critical challenges in SPFCs is to design a sufficient proton-conductivity of 0.1 S cm(-1) below <600 degrees C. Here we report to tune the perovskite BaSnO3 (BSO), a semi-conductor single-phase material, to be applied as a proton-conducting electrolyte for SPFC. It was found that the oxygen vacancies play a vital role to promote proton transport while the electronic short-circuiting issue of BSO semiconductor has been justified by the Schottky junction mechanism at the anode/electrolyte interface. We have demonstrated a SPFC device to deliver a maximum power density of 843 mW cm(-2) with an ionic conductivity of 0.23 S cm(-1) for BSO at 550 degrees C. The oxygen vacancy formation by increasing the annealing temperature helps to understand the proton transport mechanism in BSO and such novel low-temperature SPFC (LT-SPFC).
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| 3. |
- Kamran, Muhammad, et al.
(författare)
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Endophyte-mediated stress tolerance in plants : a sustainable strategy to enhance resilience and assist crop improvement
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cells. - : MDPI. - 2073-4409. ; 11:20
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biotic and abiotic stresses severely affect agriculture by affecting crop productivity, soil fertility, and health. These stresses may have significant financial repercussions, necessitating a practical, cost-effective, and ecologically friendly approach to lessen their negative impacts on plants. Several agrochemicals, such as fertilizers, pesticides, and insecticides, are used to improve plant health and protection; however, these chemical supplements have serious implications for human health. Plants being sessile cannot move or escape to avoid stress. Therefore, they have evolved to develop highly beneficial interactions with endophytes. The targeted use of beneficial plant endophytes and their role in combating biotic and abiotic stresses are gaining attention. Therefore, it is important to experimentally validate these interactions and determine how they affect plant fitness. This review highlights research that sheds light on how endophytes help plants tolerate biotic and abiotic stresses through plant–symbiont and plant–microbiota interactions. There is a great need to focus research efforts on this vital area to achieve a system-level understanding of plant–microbe interactions that occur naturally.
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| 4. |
- Kamran, Muhammad, et al.
(författare)
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Hydroquinone; a novel bioactive compound from plant-derived smoke can cue seed germination of lettuce
- 2017
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Chemistry. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-2646. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant-derived smoke has been known to play an important role in distribution and growth of vegetation. Using a proficiently designed furnace, we extracted smoke from the leaves of four plant viz. Helianthus annuus,Aloe vera,Ginkgo biloba, and Cymbopogon jwarancusa. Smoke dilutions obtained from these plants were obtained in different concentrations to identify potential lettuce growth promoting smoke solution. Results revealed that smoke obtained from G. biloba significantly enhanced the lettuce seed germination. This solution was then partitioned into ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, n-hexane, chloroform and ether fractions. Ethyl acetate fraction was found to be potent to enhance seed germination. This fraction was subjected to column chromatography and spectroscopic techniques to obtain compound 1. This compound was identified as hydroquinone using 1D and 2D NMR techniques. At low concentrations (5, 10, and 20 ppm), compound 1 enhanced the lettuce seed germination; however, higher concentrations inhibited its growth as compared to control.
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| 5. |
- Ghumman, Iss, et al.
(författare)
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Computational Fluid Mechanics Model for Numerical Investigation of Frictional Tribo-pair during Mixed Lubrication
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 2022 19th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology, IBCAST 2022. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781665460514 ; , s. 815-820
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- All the machines are constructed through mechanical links and pairs. One of the crucial pairs is the sliding pair; due to their nature and general use, they are often subjected to a higher degree of dynamics and external forces leading to high frictional force. To reduce wear from friction formerly thick film of commercial oil is used. However, viscosity-based higher thickness yields higher energy losses, and nano-lubricants are popular in reducing friction while keeping film thickness and improving wear resistance. This paper develops a numerical model for sliding pairs that predicts the load carried by components under different lubrication regimes. The aim is to simulate hydrodynamic and mixed lubrication regimes for different loading conditions. A detailed multiphysics model of tribo-pair was modeled, including lubricant rheology, surface topology, oil film squeeze, and film temperature through the moving mesh. The fluid domain has been meshed with Arbitrary Lagrangian and Eulerian techniques. Energy loss due to viscous friction and boundary friction were determined by solving Naiver- Stokes equations in the moving mesh deformable geometry domain. The numerical model was compared with the available literature, and the results are presented. This numerical simulation remained valid and provides the fundamental understanding of oil film thickness and load-carrying capacity of sliding tribo-pair in the presence of nano-lubricants. The developed model is a useful methodology for studying lubricant oil enriched with nanoparticles.
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| 6. |
- Javed, Muhammad Asadullah, et al.
(författare)
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Y Structure and dynamics elucidation of ionic liquids using multidimensional Laplace NMR
- 2017
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Ingår i: Chemical Communications. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1359-7345 .- 1364-548X. ; 53:80, s. 11056-11059
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate the ability of multidimensional Laplace NMR (LNMR), comprising relaxation and diffusion experiments, to reveal essential information about microscopic phase structures and dynamics of ionic liquids that is not observable using conventional NMR spectroscopy or other techniques.
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| 7. |
- Majeed, Fiza, et al.
(författare)
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Recent Advances in Fire-Suppressing Agents for Mitigating Lithium-Ion Battery Fires
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 171:6
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rising energy density and widespread use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) pose a growing safety challenge, marked by the potential for fires and explosions. Given the unique combustion characteristics of LIBs, the need for efficient and prompt fire suppression is paramount. Here we explore the mechanisms and characteristics of LIBs fires, emphasizing the critical design principles for effective fire-extinguishing agents and evaluating various agents, including gaseous, dry powders, water-based, aerosol-based, and composite-based fire-extinguishing agents, elucidating their mechanisms and effectiveness in suppressing LIBs fires. Noteworthy agents such as C6F12O and water-based solutions are highlighted for their superior extinguishing and cooling capabilities. Water-based fire-extinguishing agents show promise, exhibiting superior cooling capacity and anti-flash properties. Despite certain limitations, the review underscores the necessity of identifying an ideal fire-extinguishing agent that is thermally conductive, electrically insulating, cost-effective, non-toxic, residue-free, and capable of absorbing toxic gases. We conclude by discussing perspectives and outlooks, emphasizing the synergy between the ideal agent and innovative extinguishing strategies to ensure the high safety standards of current and future LIB-based technologies.The vulnerability of LIBs to fire and explosion in harsh environments presents a significant obstacle to their widespread use. LIB fires are challenging to put out because of their combustion properties, which include high temperature increasing rates, jet flames, TR propagation, and the creation of poisonous and explosive gasses. Numerous fire-extinguishing chemicals have been investigated; each has its own set of restrictions. These include gaseous, dry powders, aerosols, and water-based agents. A comprehensive comparison of various fire-extinguishing agents highlights their distinct characteristics and effectiveness in addressing LIB fires. This study emphasizes the critical factors of insulation, toxicity, fire suppression speed, reactivity with fire sources, degradation capacity, and corrosion in selecting appropriate extinguishing agents. While offering certain advantages, current fire-extinguishing agents exhibit significant drawbacks such as poor cooling effects, electrical conductivity, toxicity, and the potential for re-ignition. Composite-based fire suppressants are a better option for mitigating LIB fires as they present benefits such as environmental friendliness, high heat dissipation rate, electric insulation, and prevention from re-ignition. Present and future research should be based on the design of highly efficient composite-based fire extinguishers that are cost-effective and practical for use in the real world. Alongside this, scientists should also work on the case and removal of the factors which result in fire generation. Moreover, developing a proper sensing system for LIB fires should be designed to take timely preventive measurements.
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| 8. |
- Rehman, Ahad Abdul, et al.
(författare)
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In vivo assessment of anticoagulant and antiplatelet effects of Syzygium cumini leaves extract in rabbits
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6882. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels. is one of the very popular traditionally used medicinal plants with numerous pharmacological activities including antioxidant, hypoglycemic and anti-inflammatory. However, actions of S. cumini on blood coagulation and other parameters of blood were poorly pharmacologically studied. Therefore, aim of this present investigation is to examine the effects of methanolic extract of S. cumini on blood coagulation and anticoagulation factors in healthy white albino rabbits at different doses. Methods: Blood samples were drawn twice during this study and biochemical assays were performed to determine the effect on different parameters such as coagulation, anticoagulation, hematological, Protein C (PC) and thrombin antithrombin (TAT) complex and platelet aggregation. Results: The results showed significant increase in RBCs, hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelets counts up to 1.4 × 103/cm, 2.2 g/dl, 6%, 248.2 × 103/cm respectively. While, thrombin and bleeding time were also prolonged in dose dependent manner which is highly significant (p ≤ 0.005) as compared to control. Similarly, highly significantly increased (p ≤ 0.005) in levels of protein C, thrombin antithrombin complex at dose of 500 mg/kg were observed. Whereas, levels of platelets aggregation and fibrinogen were decreased at high doses. Conclusion: The obtained findings of hematological and coagulation tests concludes possibly S. cumini possess anticoagulant and antiplatelet effects.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Tanveer, M. K., et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and chemo-therapeutical investigations of gastrointestinal nematodes in domestic pigeons in Lahore, Pakistan
- 2011
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Ingår i: Tropical Biomedicine. - 0127-5720. ; 28:1, s. 102-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes was studied in 143 (80 male and 63 female) domestic pigeons. Faecal samples were collected to determine the gastrointestinal nematodes of domestic pigeons through qualitative and quantitative faecal examinations. A total of 48 (male 33 and 25 female) naturally infected domestic pigeons were divided into G(1) (albendzdole) and G(2) (fenbendazole) treatment-groups along with one control group (C). The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes was 40.5% (58/143) in domestic pigeons. Likewise, the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in males and females was found 41.3% (33/58) and 39.7% (25/58) respectively. The overall prevalence of Capillaria obsignata and Ascaridia columbae was found to be 67.2% and 32.8%, respectively. The prevalence of C. obsignata and A. columbae in males was 72.7% (24/33) and 27.8% (9/33) and in females was 60% (15/25) and 40% (10/25), respectively. There was no significant sex related difference seen in the prevalence of C. obsignata (p>0.56) and A. columbae (p>0.40) in domestic pigeons, respectively. The overall efficacy of albendazole and fenbendazole was calculated to be 66% and 71%. A remarkable significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in eggs per gram before and after treatment in both G(1) and G(2) treated-groups. The efficacy of fenbendazole was found to be more significant (p<0.02) than albendazole.
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