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- Haubek, Dorte, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of JP2 and Non-JP2 Genotypes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Oral Hygiene Practice of Kenyan Adolescents in Maasai Mara
- 2021
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Ingår i: Pathogens. - : MDPI. - 2076-0817. ; 10:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is implicated in the etiology of periodontitis that affects adolescents. The monitoring and mapping of the geographic dissemination pattern of JP2 and non-JP2 genotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans are of interest. In Africa, the highly leukotoxic JP2 genotype is known to be prevalent, particularly in north-west Africa. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of JP2 and non-JP2 genotypes and investigate the oral hygiene practices among adolescents living in Maasai Mara, Kenya. A total of 284 adolescents (mean age: 15.0 yrs; SD 1.1) were interviewed regarding their age, gender, medical history, and oral hygiene practice, and the number of teeth present was recorded. One subgingival pooled plaque sample from all the first molars of each participant was analyzed by conventional PCR. The mean number of permanent teeth present was 27.9 (SD: 2.0; range: 22-32; 95% CI: 27.7-28.1). Sixteen (5.6%) and two (0.7%) adolescents were positive for non-JP2 and JP2 genotypes, respectively. For the vast majority of the adolescents, the use of a toothbrush (99.3%) and toothpaste (80.1%), as well as some kind of toothpick (>60.2%), were part of their oral hygiene practice, with dental floss (0.4%) and/or mouth rinses (0.4%) rarely being used. We have, for the first time, identified Kenyan adolescents colonized with the JP2 genotype. The prevalence of the JP2 genotype of A. actinomycetemcomitans is low, a possible indicator that it spreading through human migration from North and West Africa to East Africa is a rare occasion.
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| 2. |
- Kemoli, Arthur, et al.
(författare)
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Cultural and traditional oral practices : implications on oral health of a kenyan cohort of maasai adolescents
- 2022
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Ingår i: East African Medical Journal. - : African Journal Online (AJOL). - 0012-835X. ; 99:8, s. 5122-5128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This is a review of a study carried out in Maasai Mara schools in January 2016. The project formed a part of “The Maasai Mara Science and Development Initiative” (MMSDI). We examined school children in the Maasai Mara North Conservancy for extraction of permanent mandibular incisors and primary canines, which form part of a long-held tradition in the Maasai community in Kenya.Objective: Review information on oral hygiene habits and examination of study participants, their oral hygiene procedures, and the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Aggregatibacter aphrophilus in their oral cavities.Data sources: Three publications in 2018 and 2021 on traditional dental practices, the prevalence of JP2/Non-JP2 Genotypes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and A. aphrophilus, and inhibition of leukotoxic activity by herbal plants used in oral hygiene procedures by children from Maasai Mara.Results and conclusions: The results obtained indicated that of the 284 participants used in the three studies, 61% of them had had their primary canines extracted, among whom a majority (95%) had two mandibular central incisors missing. The microbiological findings in saliva and plaque samples harvested from the participants revealed that 72% of the oral samples had A. actinomycetemcomitans, with three of them being positive for the highly leukotoxic JP2 genotype of this bacterium. The prevalence of A. aphrophilus was even higher, which may affect the virulence potential of A. actinomycetemcomitans. Most of the adolescents used commercial toothbrushes and toothpaste for their oral hygiene practice, but also plant-derived chewing sticks for daily teeth cleaning. Interestingly, all the participants used Warburgia ugandensis as the material for chewing stick, and in vitro tests showed that its extract efficiently neutralized the leukotoxin that is expressed by A. actinomycetemcomitans.
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| 3. |
- Kemoli, Arthur, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and impact of infant oral mutilation on dental occlusion and oral health-related quality of life among Kenyan adolescents from Maasai Mara
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMC Oral Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6831 .- 1472-6831. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Infant Oral Mutilation (IOM) includes germectomy and early extraction of primary and permanent incisors and canines, primarily in the lower jaw. The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence and impact of IOM, involving the removal of mandibular permanent incisors and/or canines, on dental occlusion and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) among Kenyan adolescents from Maasai Mara.METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 284 adolescents (14-18 yrs. of age) participated in an oral examination and an interview, using a structured questionnaire on age, gender, medical history, and IOM practice. For the analysis of the dental occlusion, participants with IOM, in terms of absence of two or more permanent teeth in the mandibular incisor and/or canine tooth segments (IOM group), were compared to participants who had all six incisors and canines present in the oral cavity (control group). OHRQoL was assessed using child perception questionnaire (CPQ11-14).RESULTS: The majority of the participants (61%) had been exposed to IOM, among whom 164 (95%) had absence of two mandibular central incisors. More individuals in the IOM group had maxillary overjet exceeding 5 mm than in the control group (50.9% vs. 20%, p < 0.001). Nineteen (11%) subjects in the IOM group had mesial occlusion in contrast to none in the control group (p < 0.001). The mean and median total CPQ scores and the mean and median CPQ domain scores were low in both groups with no significant differences between the groups.CONCLUSIONS: Approximately two-thirds of the study population presented with IOM, with the majority of them missing two mandibular permanent central incisors. Although some participants with IOM had substantial maxillary overjet and mesial occlusion, only few of them showed substantial effect on their OHRQoL.
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| 4. |
- Lindholm, Mark, et al.
(författare)
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Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Aggregatibacter aphrophilus in a Kenyan Maasai Adolescent Population and Inhibition of Leukotoxic Activity by Herbal Plants Used as Part of Oral Hygiene Procedures
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - Basel : MDPI. - 2077-0383. ; 10:22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A virulent genotype (JP2) of the periodonto-pathogen, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), is widespread in North and West Africa, while its presence in East Africa has not been thoroughly investigated. This JP2 genotype is associated with periodontitis in adolescents and has a high leukotoxicity. The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of Aa and its JP2 genotype, the prevalence of the oral, commensal Aggregatibacter aphrophilus in a Maasai adolescent population, and the effect of herbal plants for inhibition of leukotoxicity.METHODS: A total of 284 adolescents from Maasai Mara, Kenya, underwent an oral examination and microbial sampling. The presence of Aa and A. aphrophilus was analyzed by quantitative PCR and cultivation (the 58 samples collected at the last day of field study). The collected Aa strains were characterized and leukotoxin promoter typed. Additionally, herbal plants commonly used for oral hygiene were assessed for the inhibition of leukotoxicity.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of Aa in stimulated whole saliva was high (71.8%), with the JP2 genotype detected in one individual, and A. aphrophilus in 99% of the sampled individuals. The commonly used herbal plant, Warburgia ugandensis, inactivated Aa leukotoxicity. The Aa virulence might be reduced through use of W. ugandensis and the high levels of A. aphrophilus.
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