| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Aljabali, Alaa A. A., et al.
(författare)
-
The viral capsid as novel nanomaterials for drug delivery
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Future Science OA. - : Future Science Ltd. - 2056-5623. ; 7:9
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this review is to highlight recent scientific developments and provide an overview of virus self-assembly and viral particle dynamics. Viruses are organized supramolecular structures with distinct yet related features and functions. Plant viruses are extensively used in biotechnology, and virus-like particulate matter is generated by genetic modification. Both provide a material-based means for selective distribution and delivery of drug molecules. Through surface engineering of their capsids, virus-derived nanomaterials facilitate various potential applications for selective drug delivery. Viruses have significant implications in chemotherapy, gene transfer, vaccine production, immunotherapy and molecular imaging. Lay abstract: The purpose of this review is to highlight recent scientific developments and provide an overview of virus self-assembly and viral particle dynamics. Viruses are organized supramolecular structures with distinct yet related features and functions. Plant viruses are extensively used in biotechnology, and virus-like particulate matter is generated by genetic modification. Both provide a material-based means for selective distribution and delivery of drug molecules. Through surface engineering of their capsids, virus-derived nanomaterials facilitate various potential applications for selective drug delivery. Viruses have significant implications in chemotherapy, gene transfer, vaccine production, immunotherapy and molecular imaging. Here we performed a comprehensive database search to review findings in this area, demonstrating that viral nanostructures possess unique properties that make them ideal for applications in diagnostics, cell labeling, contrasting agents and drug delivery structures.
|
|
| 3. |
- Wu, Q., et al.
(författare)
-
Freight train air brake models
- 2021
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Rail transportation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2324-8378 .- 2324-8386.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is an outcome of an international collaborative research initiative. Researchers from 24 institutions across 12 countries were invited to discuss the state-of-the-art in railway train air brake modelling with an emphasis on freight rains. Discussed models are classified as empirical, fluid dynamics and fluid-empirical dynamics models. Empirical models are widely used, and advanced versions have been used for train dynamics simulations. Fluid dynamics models are better models to study brake system behaviour but are more complex and slower in computation. Fluid-empirical dynamics models combine fluid dynamics brake pipe models and empirical brake valve models. They are a balance of model fidelity and computational speeds. Depending on research objectives, detailed models of brake rigging, friction blocks and wheel-rail adhesion are also available. To spark new ideas and more research in this field, the challenges and research gaps in air brake modelling are discussed.
|
|
| 4. |
- Hassan, Sk Sarif, et al.
(författare)
-
A unique view of SARS-CoV-2 through the lens of ORF8 protein
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Computers in Biology and Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-4825 .- 1879-0534. ; 133
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immune evasion is one of the unique characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) attributed to its ORF8 protein. This protein modulates the adaptive host immunity through down regulation of MHC-1 (Major Histocompatibility Complex) molecules and innate immune responses by surpassing the host's interferon-mediated antiviral response. To understand the host's immune perspective in reference to the ORF8 protein, a comprehensive study of the ORF8 protein and mutations possessed by it have been performed. Chemical and structural properties of ORF8 proteins from different hosts, such as human, bat, and pangolin, suggest that the ORF8 of SARS-CoV-2 is much closer to ORF8 of Bat RaTG13-CoV than to that of Pangolin-CoV. Eighty-seven mutations across unique variants of ORF8 in SARS-CoV-2 can be grouped into four classes based on their predicted effects (Hussain et al., 2021) [1]. Based on the geo-locations and timescale of sample collection, a possible flow of mutations was built. Furthermore, conclusive flows of amalgamation of mutations were found upon sequence similarity analyses and consideration of the amino acid conservation phylogenies. Therefore, this study seeks to highlight the uniqueness of the rapidly evolving SARS-CoV-2 through the ORF8.
|
|
| 5. |
- Lundstrom, Kenneth, et al.
(författare)
-
COVID-19 Vaccines and Thrombosis-Roadblock or Dead-End Street?
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Biomolecules. - : MDPI. - 2218-273X. ; 11:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two adenovirus-based vaccines, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and Ad26.COV2.S, and two mRNA-based vaccines, BNT162b2 and mRNA.1273, have been approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA), and are invaluable in preventing and reducing the incidence of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Recent reports have pointed to thrombosis with associated thrombocytopenia as an adverse effect occurring at a low frequency in some individuals after vaccination. The causes of such events may be related to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interactions with different C-type lectin receptors, heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and the CD147 receptor, or to different soluble splice variants of the spike protein, adenovirus vector interactions with the CD46 receptor or platelet factor 4 antibodies. Similar findings have been reported for several viral diseases after vaccine administration. In addition, immunological mechanisms elicited by viral vectors related to cellular delivery could play a relevant role in individuals with certain genetic backgrounds. Although rare, the potential COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) requires immediate validation, especially in risk groups, such as the elderly, chronic smokers, and individuals with pre-existing incidences of thrombocytopenia; and if necessary, a reformulation of existing vaccines.
|
|
| 6. |
- Rasheed, M. N., et al.
(författare)
-
Enhanced electrical properties of nonstructural cubic silicon carbide with graphene contact for photovoltaic applications
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures. - Bucharest, Romania : S.C. Virtual Company of Phisics S.R.L. - 1842-3582. ; 15:3, s. 963-972
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) is successfully synthesized through a simple solid-state reaction technique at a comparatively low temperature without using any catalyst. The XRD data is also used to study other structural parameters of synthesized sample by using different method. Raman peak at 796 cm(-1) supports the XRD results. Si-C vibrational mode observed at 788 cm-1 in the FTIR spectrum further confirms the growth of 3C-SiC. UV-Vis spectroscopy is used to measure optical bandgap energy (E-g = 2.36 eV). Other optical parameters such as dielectric constant and refractive index of grown sample are also studied. Electrical performance is analyzed by using graphene contact with further evaluation of dark and light IV-measurements. The use of graphene contact establishes the enhancement of electrical conductivity of as-grown samples particularly when they are exposed to light. These findings indicate that the grown sample has comparatively better transport properties than conventional metal contacts under the illuminated conditions.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Shrivastava, Garima, et al.
(författare)
-
Targeting LIN28 : a new hope in prostate cancer theranostics
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Future Oncology. - : Future Medicine. - 1479-6694 .- 1744-8301. ; 17:29, s. 3873-3880
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mortality and morbidity rates for prostate cancer have recently increased to alarming levels, rising higher than lung cancer. Due to a lack of drug targets and molecular probes, existing theranostic techniques are limited. Human LIN28A and its paralog LIN28B overexpression are associated with a number of tumors resulting in a remarkable increase in cancer aggression and poor prognoses. The current review aims to highlight recent work identifying the key roles of LIN28A and LIN28B in prostate cancer, and to instigate further preclinical and clinical research in this important area.
|
|
| 9. |
- Elrashdy, Fatma, et al.
(författare)
-
Autoimmunity roots of the thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Autoimmunity Reviews. - : Elsevier. - 1568-9972 .- 1873-0183. ; 20:11
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although vaccination represents the most promising way to stop or contain the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and safety and effectiveness of available vaccines were proven, a small number of individuals who received anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines developed a prothrombotic syndrome. Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) can be triggered by the adenoviral vector-based vaccine, whereas lipid nanoparticle-mRNA-based vaccines can induce rare cases of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Although the main pathogenic mechanisms behind this rare phenomenon have not yet been identified, both host and vaccine factors might be involved, with pathology at least in part being related to the vaccine-triggered autoimmune reaction. In this review, we are considering some aspects related to pathogenesis, major risk factors, as well as peculiarities of diagnosis and treatment of this rare condition.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
