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- Mushtaq, Afshan, et al.
(författare)
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Catalytic oxidative desulfurization of thio-compounds by employing χ-Anderson-type polyoxometalates-porphyrin covalent organic framework (COF)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Tetrahedron. - : Elsevier. - 0040-4020 .- 1464-5416. ; 144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Severe environmental sulfur contents due to the consumption of fuels in automobiles and industries resulted in serious health hazards and pollution because of it, desulfurization of diesel become inevitable. Targeting the profound desulfurization of diesel, we performed experiments to deeply desulphurized the thio-compounds by catalytic-oxidative desulfurization technique. We synthesized new metalloporphyrin (C52H36N4O8Sn)4MeO-SnPor which after conversion into (C64H64N8O16Sn)4Tris-SnTP leading towards the synthesis of covalent organic framework [(N(C4H9)4]12[HNC(CH2O)3]4[(CO)4C44H24N4Sn] [NiMo6O18]4(SnTP@NiAdCOF). SnTP@NiAd COF showed the outstanding catalytic property for deep desulfurization of thio-compounds above than 96% of thiobenzoic acid (TB) and 99% of 2-aminothiophenol (2-ATP) sulfur contents were oxides after 100 min of reaction using H2O2 as an oxidant at room temperature with constant stirring. During desulfurization percentage desulfurization efficiency was checked for different time intervals by TLC and further confirmed by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatograms indicated that the peak area and peak height of thio-compounds decrease gradually with the passage of reaction time which confirmed the removal of thio-compounds from the reaction mixture. Sulfur contents removed up to 5 ppmw showed excellent catalytic characteristics of synthesized SnTP@NiAdCOF. The exceptional catalytic efficiency of prepared catalyst SnTP@NiAdCOF was because of the existence of active oxidizing centers of χ-NiAd and metalloporphyrin that are MoO and [(Por)SnII], respectively. The potential mechanism appeared to be the formation of Mo(O2) and [(Por)SnII–OOH] from MoO and [(Por)SnII], respectively that act as active oxidizing centers and efficiently converted the thio-group into oxides and sulfones. Effective removal of sulfur grants the desulfurization of fuels by using SnTP@NiAdCOF catalyst to lessen the energy expenditure and also to enhance the production of environmentally-safe fuels.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Mushtaq, Muhammad Sajid, et al.
(författare)
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QoE in 5G Cloud Networks using Multimedia Services
- 2016
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Ingår i: 2016 IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING CONFERENCE. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781467398145
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 4G standard Long Term Evolution-Advanced(LTE-A) has been deployed in many countries. Now, technologyis evolving towards the 5G standard since it is expecting tostart its service in 2020. The 5G cellular networks will mainlycontain in cloud computing and primarily Quality of Service(QoS) parameters (e.g. delay, loss rate, etc.) influence thecloud network performance. The impact of user perceivedQuality of Experience (QoE) using multimedia services, andapplication significantly relies on the QoS parameters. The keychallenge of 5G technology is to reduce the delay less thanone millisecond. In this paper, we have described a methodthat minimizes the overall network delay for multimediaservices; which are constant bit rate (VoIP) and variablebit rate (video) traffic model. We also proposed a methodthat measures the user’s QoE for video streaming trafficusing the network QoS parameters, i.e. delay and packet lossrate. The performance of proposed QoE method is comparedwith QoV method, and our proposed QoE method performsbest by carefully handle the impact of QoS parameters. Theresults show that our described method successfully reduces theoverall network delays, which result to maximize the user’s QoE.
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| 4. |
- Shah, Muhammad Ali Kamran Yousaf, et al.
(författare)
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The semiconductor SrFe0.2Ti0.8O3-delta-ZnO heterostructure electrolyte fuel cells
- 2019
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Ingår i: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Elsevier. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 44:57, s. 30319-30327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Highly ion-conducting properties in heterostructure composites and semiconductors have drawn significant attention in recent years for developing new electrolytes in low temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFCs). In this work, a new semiconductor heterostructure composite SrFe0.2Ti0.8O3-delta, (SFT)-ZnO consisting of p-type SFT and n-type ZnO is proposed and evaluated as an electrolyte in LT-SOFCs. Electrochemical studies reveal that the prepared SFT-ZnO is a mixed ion-electron conductor possessing a high ionic conductivity of 0.21 S cm(-1) at 520 degrees C and the assembled SFT-ZnO fuel cell can achieve a favorable peak power output of 650 mW cm(-2) along with high open-circuit voltage (OCV) of 1.06 V at 520 degrees C. By referring the semiconductor conduction types and energy band parameters of SFT and ZnO, a p-n bulk-heterojunction effect is proposed to describe the electronic blocking and ionic promotion processes of SFT-ZnO electrolyte in a fuel cell. Our work suggests a new insight into the design of effective LT-SOFC electrolytes by using semiconductor heterostructure material.
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| 5. |
- Wu, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Electrolyte-free fuel cell : Principles and crosslink research
- 2020
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Ingår i: Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. - : Wiley. ; , s. 347-378
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Semiconductors and the associated methodologies applied to electrochemistry have recently grown as an emerging field in energy materials and technologies. Fuel cells have been developed in line with traditional electrochemistry employing three basic functional components: anode, electrolyte and cathode. The electrolyte is a key component to the device performance by providing an ionic charge flow pathway between the anode and cathode but preventing electron conduction. By contrast, semiconductors and the derived heterostructures with electronic (hole) conducting materials have been strongly developed with much better ionic conductors instead of a conventional ionic electrolyte for novel fuel cells. Energy band structures and alignments, band-bending and built-in-field are all important parameters in this context to accomplish the necessary fuel cell functionalities. This chapter extends widely the semiconductor-based electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies, describing their fundamentals and working principles, with an intention to advance the understanding of the semiconductors and energy bands role in electrochemical devices of energy conversion and storage, as well as applications for emerging demands, widely involving in energy applications, such as photo catalysis/water splitting; battery and solar cell etc. It provides new ideas and new solutions to the problems beyond the conventional electrochemistry and presents new inter-disciplinary approaches to develop clean energy conversion and storage technologies.
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