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- Lund, Jennifer M., et al.
(författare)
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HIV-1-neutralizing IgA detected in genital secretions of highly HIV-1-exposed seronegative women on oral preexposure prophylaxis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Virology. - 0022-538X .- 1098-5514. ; 90:21, s. 9855-9861
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although nonhuman primate studies have shown that simian immunodeficiency virus/simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SIV/SHIV) exposure during preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with oral tenofovir can induce SIV immunity without productive infection, this has not been documented in humans. We evaluated cervicovaginal IgA in Partners PrEP Study participants using a subtype C primary isolate and found that women on PrEP had IgA with higher average human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-neutralizing magnitude than women on placebo (33% versus 7%; P = 0.008). Using a cutoff of ≥90% HIV-1 neutralization, 19% of women on-PrEP had HIV-1-neutralizing IgA compared to 0% of women on placebo (P = 0.09). We also estimated HIV-1 exposure and found that the proportion of women with HIV-1-neutralizing IgA was associated with the level of HIV-1 exposure (P = 0.04). Taken together, our data suggest that PrEP and high levels of exposure to HIV may each enhance mucosal HIV-1-specific humoral immune responses in sexually exposed but HIV-1-uninfected individuals.
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- Oporia, F., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of lifejacket use among boaters on Lake Albert, Uganda: a qualitative study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Injury Prevention. - : BMJ. - 1353-8047 .- 1475-5785. ; 28:4, s. 335-339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Drowning is a major cause of unintentional injury death worldwide. The toll is greatest in low and middle-income countries. Over 95% of people who drowned while boating in Uganda were not wearing a lifejacket. We explored the determinants of lifejacket use among boaters on Lake Albert, Uganda. Methods We conducted a qualitative enquiry with a hermeneutic phenomenological undertone leaning on relativism ontology and emic subjectivism epistemology. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) were held with boaters in 10 landing sites. We explored experiences and perspectives on lifejacket use. We used thematic analysis technique to analyse data and report results according to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research. Results We recruited 88 boaters in 10 FGDs and 11 to take part in the IDIs. We identified three themes: motivators and opportunities for lifejacket use, barriers and threats to lifejacket use, and strategies to improve lifejacket use. Many boaters attributed their lifejacket use to prior experience or witness of a drowning. Perceived high costs of lifejackets, limited knowledge, reluctance to use lifejackets because of distrust in their effectiveness, and the belief that it is women who should wear lifejackets were among the barriers and threats. Participants mentioned the need for mandatory enforcement together with community sensitisations as strategies to improve lifejacket use. Conclusion Determinants of lifejacket use among boaters include experience or witness of drowning, limited knowledge about lifejackets and distrust in the effectiveness of the available lifejackets. Mandatory lifejacket wearing alongside educational interventions might improve lifejacket use.
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- Smelov, V, et al.
(författare)
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Beta and gamma human papillomaviruses in anal and genital sites among men: prevalence and determinants
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 8:1, s. 8241-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data regarding the anogenital distribution of and type-specific concordance for cutaneous β- and γ-HPV types in men who have sex with women is limited and geographically narrow. Knowledge of determinants of anogenital detection of cutaneous HPV types in different regions is needed for better understanding of the natural history and transmission dynamics of HPV, and its potential role in the development of anogenital diseases. Genital and anal canal samples obtained from 554 Russian men were screened for 43 β-HPVs and 29 γ-HPVs, using a multiplex PCR combined with Luminex technology. Both β- and γ-HPVs were more prevalent in the anal (22.8% and 14.1%) samples than in the genital (16.8% and 12.3%) samples. Low overall and type-specific concordance for β-HPVs (3.5% and 1.1%) and γ-HPVs (1.3% and 0.6%) were observed between genital and anal samples. HIV-positive men had higher anal β- (crude OR = 12.2, 95% CI: 5.3–28.1) and γ-HPV (crude OR = 7.2, 95% CI: 3.3–15.4) prevalence than HIV-negative men. Due to the lack of genital samples from the HIV-positive men, no comparison was possible for HIV status in genital samples. The lack of type-specific positive concordance between genital and anal sites for cutaneous β- and γ-HPV types in heterosexual men posits the needs for further studies on transmission routes to discriminate between contamination and true HPV infection. HIV-positive status may favor the anal acquisition or modify the natural history of cutaneous HPV types.
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