| 1. |
- Mohammad, Salahuddin
(författare)
-
Investigating mental health disorders in relation to job and living related factors
- 2023
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Job satisfaction plays an important role for life quality and health of working individuals. While studies have shown that self-reported mental health conditions such as stress, anxiety and depression are associated with job satisfaction, a large population-based study exploring and comparing self-reported physician posed diagnosed conditions and their association with job satisfaction and job tenure is missing. First study addresses the gap along with exploring the impact of the neurotic personality trait and other possible contributing factors.Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience lower well-being as demonstrated epidemiologically mostly for children and adolescents. Further etiological investigation of inclusive wellbeing, in terms of five wellbeing spectrum (5-WBS) traits including neuroticism, depression, loneliness, life satisfaction and positive affect, among adults with ASD may deepen the understanding. Seond study aims to investigate if a genetic predisposition for ASD is associated with 5-WBS traits using polygenic risk score (PRS) analysis.In the first study, sixteen mental health disorders diagnosed by physicians, categorized into four major groups were investigated in relation to employment status (108,711 participants) and in relation to job satisfaction and job tenure (34,808 participants). Analyses were performed using linear regression adjusted for age, sex, TDI, BMI, education, physical activity, work hours and neuroticism. In the second study, PRS for ASD were constructed in the UK Biobank (N = 337,423), based on the GWAS conducted by Psychiatric Genetics Consortium (18,381 cases, 27,969 comparisons) using PRSice-2. First study showed Neurotic & Stress Disorders, Eating Disorders and Other Mental Health Disorders were strongly associated with lower job satisfaction and shorter job tenure in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses. Neuroticism was strongly linked to job satisfaction but was not associated with job tenure. Second study showed, ASD PRS significantly predicted associations with all 5-WBS traits, showing a positive association with the negative WBS traits, neuroticism (max R2 = 0.04%, P < 1x10-4, AUC 0.51), depression (max R2 = 0.06%, P < 1x10-4, AUC 0.51), loneliness (max R2 = 0.04%, P < 1x10-4, AUC 0.51) and a negative association with the positive WBS traits, life satisfaction (max R2 = 0.08%, P < 1x10-4, AUC 0.56), positive affect (max R2 = 0.10%, P < 1x10-4, AUC 0.53).Findings of first study clarify the complex relationship of mental health with job satisfaction and job tenure which is very important to understand in designing measures to improve working life participation of individuals with mental health issues. The findings of second study suggest that adults carrying a high load of susceptible SNPs for ASD are more likely to show a decreased well-being.
|
|
| 2. |
- Syk, Mikaela, et al.
(författare)
-
Plasma levels of leptin and adiponectin and depressive symptoms in young adults
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 272, s. 1-7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Circulating levels of adipokines are known to be associated with depression. This study aimed to investigate a possible association between leptin, adiponectin and dimensional measures of depressive symptoms in young adults with and without psychiatric illness. Total plasma adiponectin and leptin levels were measured in 194 young adults seeking psychiatric ambulatory care and 57 healthy controls. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Self-Rating Scale (MADRS-S). Analysis was performed on men and women separately. P-leptin levels were significantly elevated in patients compared with controls and correlated with total MADRS-S scores in the women. Women with P-leptin in the highest quartile reached a significantly higher MADRS-S score than women in the lowest quartile, but this difference disappeared after adjusting for body mass index (BMI) and antidepressant use. MADRS-S score was associated with P-leptin in female patients without antidepressant use, independently of BMI. There was no association between P-leptin levels and current major depression. P-adiponectin levels were not associated with depressive symptoms or current major depression. The findings indicate that P-leptin levels are associated with depressive symptom severity in young women; however, the association is linked to other factors, which challenges its usefulness as a biomarker for depression in clinical psychiatry.
|
|
| 3. |
- Welander, Nike
(författare)
-
Migraine comorbidities : Associations with psychiatric and gastrointestinal disorders
- 2023
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Migraine is a prevalent neurological disorder with a complex pathophysiology. One factor that potentially complicates migraine treatment is comorbidity between migraine and other disorders, including psychiatric and gastrointestinal disorders.In Paper I, associations between migraine and symptoms of peripartum depression and anxiety were explored, including assessments in early/mid-pregnancy, late pregnancy and in the postpartum period. A history of migraine was found to be associated with symptoms of anxiety in early/mid-pregnancy and with symptoms of both depression and anxiety in late pregnancy, after adjusting for confounding factors.In Paper II, cross-sectional associations between migraine and several gastrointestinal disorders were investigated. Migraine was associated with irritable bowel syndrome and peptic ulcers in the fully adjusted model. While Helicobacter pylori infection and coeliac disease were associated with migraine in unadjusted analyses, there were no significant associations between migraine and Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis.In Paper III, associations between use of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) and migraine were investigated. As PPIs are largely metabolised by the enzyme CYP2C19, participants were categorised according to their CYP2C19 phenotypes. PPI use was associated with a greater prevalence and incidence of migraine in both cross-sectional and prospective analyses. Metaboliser phenotype affected some of the outcomes in stratified analyses.In Paper IV, summary statistics from genome-wide association studies were used to assess genetic correlations and causal associations between migraine and both inflammatory bowel disese (IBD) and coeliac disease. There was no evidence of genetic correlations between any of the disorders, and there was no indication of causality. Nominally significant results were obtained in subtype analyses. Together, these results indicate that migraine is associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety in the peripartum period as well as with irritable bowel syndrom, peptic ulcers and use of PPIs in adults, thus adding to the literature on comorbidity in migraine. The previously observed associations between migraine and both IBD and coeliac disease were not corroborated in these studies, and the basis of these associations, if present, does not appear to be accounted for by shared genetics.
|
|
