| 3. |
- Kotanidis, Christos P, et al.
(författare)
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Invasive vs. conservative management of older patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome: individual patient data meta-analysis.
- 2024
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Ingår i: European heart journal. - 1522-9645.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Older patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS) are less likely to receive guideline-recommended care including coronary angiography and revascularization. Evidence-based recommendations regarding interventional management strategies in this patient cohort are scarce. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of routine invasive vs. conservative management of NSTEACS by using individual patient data (IPD) from all available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including older patients.MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus were searched between 1 January 2010 and 11 September 2023. RCTs investigating routine invasive and conservative strategies in persons >70 years old with NSTEACS were included. Observational studies or trials involving populations outside the target range were excluded. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality and myocardial infarction (MI) at 1 year. One-stage IPD meta-analyses were adopted by use of random-effects and fixed-effect Cox models. This meta-analysis is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023379819).Six eligible studies were identified including 1479 participants. The primary endpoint occurred in 181 of 736 (24.5%) participants in the invasive management group compared with 215 of 743 (28.9%) participants in the conservative management group with a hazard ratio (HR) from random-effects model of 0.87 (95% CI 0.63-1.22; P = .43). The hazard for MI at 1 year was significantly lower in the invasive group compared with the conservative group (HR from random-effects model 0.62, 95% CI 0.44-0.87; P = .006). Similar results were seen for urgent revascularization (HR from random-effects model 0.41, 95% CI 0.18-0.95; P = .037). There was no significant difference in mortality.No evidence was found that routine invasive treatment for NSTEACS in older patients reduces the risk of a composite of all-cause mortality and MI within 1 year compared with conservative management. However, there is convincing evidence that invasive treatment significantly lowers the risk of repeat MI or urgent revascularisation. Further evidence is needed from ongoing larger clinical trials.
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| 4. |
- Swindon, Ellie
(författare)
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Gender in Myanmar News : News Content Analysis from a Gender Perspective
- 2017
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The media is a tool for both advancing democracy and promoting gender equality. Conversely, gender bias in media content can harm the development of democratic and peaceful societies. Despite this being widely acknowledged by the international media and development community, global studies of new coverage show that the portrayal of men and women in the media continue to be biased towards traditional stereotypes of masculinity and femininity, which serve to reinforce the status quo and the gender gaps seen in many other aspects of society such as politics, business, sport and entertainment (Macharia, 2015).Generating further evidence of these harmful stereotypes – and finding examples of news that challenge them – helps raise awareness of current practices in news reporting and advocating for change. We need policies and initiatives that promote new ways of ”being a man” and “being a woman”. Socially driven changes in attitudes and behaviour can contribute to closing the gender gaps.To date there have been no detailed studies of Myanmar news content to identify the trends and patterns of gender representation in the media. This landmark study sheds light on the imbalance of female and male voices in Myanmar news, covering the diversity of the current media landscape across different mediums, types of ownership, geographic regions, languages, frequencies of publication, and political affiliations. It has been a timely exercise to undertake as the media sector is professionalizing and maturing in the transition to democratic rule.The study has been carried out with a view to being replicated and repeated each year, as a way of tracking media’s progress on this issue. The objective is to see Myanmar participate in the next ‘Global Media Monitoring Project’ (GMMP) in 2020, which is a worldwide media monitoring, research and advocacy project implemented collaboratively with women’s rights organizations and researchers across the world. GMMP affords the opportunity to assess how far the vision for media gender equality has been achieved, and identifies persisting and emerging challenges. Other participating Asian countries include Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, and Vietnam.The results of the Gender in Myanmar News study aim to fill a gap in the media development process in Myanmar, and assist with building capacity among media professionals and institutions to promote gender equality in and through the media.
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