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- Karbownik, Krzysztof, et al.
(författare)
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For some mothers more than others : how children matter for labour market outcomes when both fertility and female employment are low
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We estimate the causal relationship between family size and labour market outcomes for families in low fertility and low female employment regime. Family size is instrumented using twinning and gender composition of the first two children. Among families with at least one child we identify the average causal effect of an additional child on mother’s employment to be -7.1 percentage points. However, we find no effect of additional children on female employment among families with two or more kids. Heterogeneity analysis suggests no causal effects of fertility on female employment among mothers with less than college education and older mothers (born before 1978). Furthermore, we find evidence for the interaction of family size with maternal education and age. An unintuitive feature of our finding is that we identify a positive bias of OLS estimates for highly educated mothers and for mothers born after 1977.
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| 2. |
- Karbownik, Krzysztof, et al.
(författare)
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Mommies’ Girls Get Dresses, Daddies’ Boys Get Toys : Gender Preferences in Poland and their Implications
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We examine the relationship of child gender with family and economic outcomes using a large dataset from the Polish Household Budgets’ Survey (PHBS) for years 2003-2009. Apart from studying the effects of gender on family stability, fertility and mothers’ labor market outcomes, we take advantage of the PHBS’ detailed expenditure module to examine effects of gender on consumption patterns. We find that a first born daughter is significantly less likely to be living with her father compared to a first born son and that the probability of having the second child is negatively correlated with a first born daughter. Using the context of the collective model we provide interpretation of these results from the perspective of individual parental gender preferences. We also examine the potential effects of sample selection bias which may affect the results and may be important for other findings in the literature. Labor supply of mothers and overall child-related consumption is not affected by gender of the first child, but the pattern of expenditure significantly varies between those with first born sons and first born daughters. One possible interpretation of the findings is that Polish fathers have preferences for sons and Polish mothers have preferences for daughters. Expenditure patterns suggest potential early determination of gender roles – mommies’ girls get dresses and daddies’ boys get toys.
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| 3. |
- Motel-Klingebiel, Andreas, Prof. Dr. phil. habil. 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Old age economic exclusion
- 2018
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Ingår i: Innovation in Aging. - : Oxford University Press. - 2399-5300. ; 2:suppl_1, s. 676-676
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses research perspectives on older people’s economic exclusion in Europe as outlined within the EU COST Action CA1522 on Old-Age Social Exclusion (ROSEnet). Economic exclusion (EE) describes a process over the life course with comprehensive impact on ageing and old age. At the same time, older people’s EE is a state of marginalization in later life. As a process, it is linked to individual chances and decisions to participate in paid work, occupational activities and unpaid homework, work quality, consumption and life-styles, and retirement. EE has a basis in social class and origin, individual qualifications, changing education systems, and shifting labour markets, and it is inseparable from social policy regimes as well as from organisational policies and workplace practices. Thus, the concept is deeply rooted in economic approaches to the development of material wellbeing over the life-course and the capacity to address expected and unexpected changes in the level of material conditions and needs at different points in the life-course. Unlike traditional approaches to material wellbeing that tend to focus on the dimension of poverty and income, the concept of EE extends beyond financial aspects of material conditions to a broader perspective on individual lives. This presentation draws on international literature to shed light on the relationship between the standard economic concepts of material wellbeing and EE. The aim is to provide a knowledge synthesis of EE and its significance for individuals in later life and old age.
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