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- Borevi, Karin, 1968-, et al.
(author)
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Välfärdsstaten och de nyanlända : en flyktingplaceringspolitisk probleminventering
- 2010
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to make an inventory overview of challenges and problems in the area of refugee settlement policies. An analysis is made of the political development, from the mid 1980s and onwards, of this hotly debated issue in Swedish politics. Then we identify a number of principal themes and problems which arise in relation to questions of dispersal programmes and refugee reception. The paper is based on an ongoing research project at Uppsala University, where refugee settlement policies are studied from a comparative Scandinavian perspective, focusing both on the national level and on the local level.
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- Dahlin, Karin I. E., 1945-
(author)
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Does It Pay to Practice? : A Quasi-Experimental Study on Working Memory Training and Its Effects on Reading and Basic Number Skills
- 2013
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This dissertation is based on results from an intervention study targeting working memory training. A group of 46 boys and 11 girls (aged 10.7) that were attending special units in 16 regular schools participated in the study. The treatment group (n = 42) trained at school every day for 30-40 minutes with an interactive computer program (Cogmed training) for five weeks. The performances of the treatment group on reading related measures and basic number skills are compared to those of a group of students (n =15) that were attending similar special units and received only ordinary special educational instruction. Working memory measures and non-verbal problem solving were compared to students (n = 25) in a control group from a previous study.In Study I, it was found that reading comprehension and working memory measures correlated and improved at post-tests (T2, T3) for the treatment group to a larger extent than for the comparison group.In Study II, it was found that working memory measures and basic number skills were highly related. The performance of the boys in the treatment group improved more than that of the boys in the comparison group on basic number test at both post-tests.In Study III, basic skills assessed three years later (T4) are reported. The treatment group achieved higher scores in reading comprehension compared to pre-tests and compared to the control group.The treatment group seems to have gained from the cognitive training of working memory with the computer assisted program directly after training, after seven months and at the three year follow-up. The gains were observed on visuo-spatial working memory measure (T2, T3), reading comprehension and on basic number skills in boys (T2, T3, T4).The possible mechanisms that may be involved in and may explain the observed improvements of performances are discussed: executive function, attention, memory, motivation, emotions. The study has some methodological limitations and more research is needed to substantiate the efficacy of the program.
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- Eriksson, Mårten, et al.
(author)
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How the communicative development inventories can contribute to clinical assessments of children with speech and language disorders
- 2023
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In: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 14
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether information from the Swedish version of the Communicative Development Inventories III (SCDI-III) is informative to the Speech and Language Pathologist (SLP) when examining children with suspected speech and language disorders at a SLP unit.Method: Parents to 50 children (25 girls, 25 boys, age 30-80 months) that had been referred to the local SLP unit completed the SCDI-III. Nine children came from multilingual families and 41 children came from monolingual, Swedish speaking homes. The children were diagnosed as having developmental speech disorders (12) or developmental language disorders (33). Five children were not diagnosed with any disorder.Results: The results showed that the referred children performed significantly lower on scales for word production, grammar, and metalinguistic awareness, compared to a subset from the norms with a similar age and gender composition. Most children fell below the 10th percentile on word production and grammatical constructions. The intercorrelation between the three scales were in general substantial. Comparisons of children's performance on the vocabulary and grammar scales of SCDI-III, and the medical records revealed 18 cases of discordance that would have motivated further examination. The parents rated sometimes their child's vocabulary and grammar skills as higher and sometime as lower to the medical records.Discussion: Limitations due to attrition and sample size were discussed. It was concluded that the SCDI-III can provide valuable information to the examination at the SLP clinic in addition to parent interviews, observations of children, and various tests, and that the potential for adapted versions would be particularly high for examinations of multilingual children.
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- Lasaviciute, Gintare, et al.
(author)
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Deficits in the IgG+ memory B‐cell recovery after anthracycline treatment is confined to the spleen of rhesus macaques
- 2020
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In: Clinical & Translational Immunology (CTI). - : Wiley. - 2050-0068. ; 9:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives. Loss of vaccine-induced antibodies (Abs) after chemotherapy against paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is common and often necessitates re-immunisation after cessation of treatment. Even so, some ALL survivors fail to mount or to maintain protective Abs. Germinal centres (GCs) are clusters of proliferating B cells in follicles of secondary lymphoid tissues (SLTs) formed during adaptive immune responses and the origins of long-lived memory B and plasma cells that are the source of Abs. Furthermore, productive GC reactions depend on T follicular helper (TFH) cells. To understand why chemotherapy induces deficits in Ab responses, we examined how SLTs were affected by chemotherapy. Methods. Rhesus macaques were infused with either three cycles of the anthracycline doxorubicin or saline, followed by immunisation with a de novo and booster antigen. Spleen and lymph nodes were removed, and memory B, bulk T and TFH cells were examined. Results. Despite adequate GC morphology, a diminished memory and IgG+ B-cell population along with diminished total and booster vaccine-specific IgGproducing memory B cells were noted in the spleens of macaques with past doxorubicin exposure compared to the saline-treated controls (P < 0.05). Intact bulk T and TFH cells were found in the SLTs of treated macaques, which displayed higher CD40L upregulation capacity by their splenic CXCR5+ helper T cells (P < 0.01). In contrast to the spleen, the immune cell populations studied were comparable between the lymph nodes of both saline- and doxorubicin-treated macaques. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that the splenic memory B-cell subset, compared to its lymph node counterpart, is more severely altered by anthracycline treatment.
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- Lundeborg Hammarström, Inger, et al.
(author)
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A shift of treatment approach in speech language pathology services for children with speech sound disorders - a single case study of an intense intervention based on non-linear phonology and motor-learning principles
- 2019
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In: Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC. - 0269-9206 .- 1464-5076. ; 33:6, s. 518-531
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Even though there are documented benefits of direct intensive intervention for children with speech sound disorders (SSDs), the intensity given at Swedish Speech Language Pathology services rarely exceeds once a week. Also, indirect therapy approaches are commonly employed. The purpose of the present case study was to investigate the effects of an intensive specialist therapy, based on non-linear phonological analysis and motor learning principles. The participant was a boy aged 4:10 years with severe SSD, who previously had received indirect therapy from age 3 with, very limited results. A single subject ABA design was used. At baseline, whole word match was 0%, Word shape CV match was 39% and PCC was 22, 7%. He had no multisyllabic words, no consonant clusters and no established coronals. Intervention was given 4 days weekly for 3 weeks in two periods with a 7-week intervening break and a post therapy assessments. Therapy was focused on establishing multisyllabic words, iambic stress pattern, clusters and coronals with the principle of using already established elements for targeting new elements. At post therapy assessment, whole word match was 39%, word shape CV match was 71% and PCC 69.1%. Multisyllabic words (86%), coronals (82%) and word initial clusters (80%) were established. Without being targeted, back vowels were also present and segment timing improved. The strong treatment effects of this study demonstrate that at least severe cases of SSD require the clinical knowledge and skills that only a SLP can provide and that frequent direct therapy is both beneficial and needed.
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- Myrberg, Karin, et al.
(author)
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An evaluation of a prescribed joint book reading intervention for preschool children with speech, language and communication needs
- 2023
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In: International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1754-9507 .- 1754-9515. ; 25:5, s. 645-655
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: The aims of the present study were twofold: first, to investigate reading and screen time habits in a large clinical sample of caregivers of children with speech, language and communication needs (SLCN) before and after an 8 week intervention focussed on daily joint book reading and, second, to capture the caregivers' experiences of the activity.Method: Preschool aged children with SLCN and their caregivers were consecutively recruited during their first visit to the department of Speech and Language Pathology, Gavle County Hospital, Sweden. They participated in a survey-based interview before and after receiving an intervention with recommendations of at least 10 minutes of daily book reading with an interactional focus, as an add-on to ordinary speech-language pathology services. The results were analysed using descriptive statistics of the answers to the questions in the interview, as well as a thematic analysis of free-text comments.Result: The 135 families who participated in the pre-intervention interview survey reported variable reading frequency and screen time. The post-intervention interview survey was completed by 107 families. The results demonstrated significant increases in reading frequency and reading time, and a significant decrease in screen time per day. Caregivers also reported positive experiences of the daily interactive book reading.Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that a speech-language pathologist-(SLP) managed, caregiver-led book reading intervention is feasible and might have a positive impact on reading, other factors related to reading, and screen time in families of children with SLCN.
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| 9. |
- Myrberg, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Different approaches in aphasia assessments: a comparison between test and everyday conversations
- 2018
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In: Aphasiology. - : ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0268-7038 .- 1464-5041. ; 32:4, s. 417-435
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: When it comes to aphasia assessments, many speech and language pathologists (SLPs) rely heavily on norm-referenced language tests, even though they are aware that certain important language skills can only be evaluated by analysis of conversational discourse. The formalized aphasia test situation is a typical example of institutional interaction, which differs in systematic ways from everyday conversations. This article examines conversations between persons with aphasia (PWAs) and SLPs in the two different contexts, a topic where previous research is limited. Aims: The aim is to compare the interactions between PWAs and SLPs in test conversations and in more everyday-like conversations and to relate the interactional data to the participants performance on the aphasia test battery. Methods amp; Procedures: Ten PWAs and three SLPs participated in the study. Each PWA participated in two conversations with an SLP, a test conversation, while performing tasks targeting the ability to produce sentences and narratives from an aphasia test battery, and a more everyday-like conversation. The conversations were audio and video recorded and thereafter transcribed. Three main observations considered to be important mechanisms for interaction organization were identified and calculated in the transcriptions. The test results were summarized and analyzed. Outcomes amp; results: The results demonstrated that there were a larger number of turns produced by the PWAs in the everyday conversations compared to the test conversations. Furthermore, there were more communicative initiatives and nonverbal contributions in the everyday conversations. The number of repairs initiated by the PWAs were equivalent, but looking at repair characteristics, it was found that repairs resolved within the same turn were found in the test conversations while repairs stretching over several turns were more frequent in the everyday conversations. Conclusions: The results of the present study demonstrated differences of the interaction between PWAs and SLPs in test conversations and in more everyday-like conversations. Furthermore, there seemed to be no obvious relationship between the participants actual test scores on the aphasia test battery and aspects of conversation that can be related to being a competent speaker.
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| 10. |
- Myrberg, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Instances of trouble in aphasia and dementia : an analysis of trouble domain and interactional consequences
- 2022
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In: Aphasiology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0268-7038 .- 1464-5041. ; 36:11, s. 1333-1350
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Language problems in dementia resemble the symptoms of aphasia in many respects. Persons with aphasia (PWA) and persons with dementia (PWD) present rather similar results on standardised language tests and cognitive screening tools. There is limited research that compares PWA's and PWD's language abilities, and a particularly small number of studies have an interactional focus. Aims In this study, we will contribute to the emergent discussion about interaction in aphasia and dementia. The aim was to investigate instances of trouble in conversations involving PWD, PWA and speech and language pathologists (SLPs), with a particular focus on trouble domain and interactional consequences. Methods & Procedures Ten PWD and 10 PWA were video-recorded during informal conversations with SLPs. Ten minutes of each conversation were transcribed thoroughly according to Conversation Analytical principles and instances of trouble were identified and calculated throughout the data. Thereafter, the instances of trouble were categorised by trouble domain: as connected to either primarily linguistic or cognitive issues. Outcomes & results At first glance, the conversations between the PWD and PWA seemed rather similar when looking at the number of turns and the number of instances of trouble. The analyses, however, reveal that significantly more turns were spent on trouble solving in the conversations involving the PWA. The vast majority of the troubles involving the PWA were categorised as being connected primarily to linguistic issues, whereas trouble among the PWD were more evenly distributed between the trouble domains. The SLPs took a more active role in supporting the conversations of the PWA than for the PWD. Conclusions The results indicate that many conversational troubles involving PWD are connected to primarily linguistic issues. However, PWD seem to have less severe linguistic problems compared to PWA. The analyses also reveal that many of the language problems described in PWD might be a direct consequence of cognitive issues, and that SLPs may take a more passive role in trouble solving in conversations involving PWD. The lack of personal common ground and preconceived notions about the medical conditions are discussed as potential motives for the SLPs' behaviour. The analysis of instances of trouble in informal conversations might contribute to both research and clinical assessment of language abilities in PWA and PWD.
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