| 1. |
- Bandura, Iryna, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of Raw Plant material and Substrate for Efficient production of Oyster Mushrooms (Pleurotusostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm.)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ochrana drevín a dreva 2016. - Zvolen : Technická univerzita vo Zvolene. - 9788022829298 ; , s. 27-33
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microbial analysis of raw materials and substrate during all phases of thermal processing revealed the most efficient methods for industrial mushroom cultivation. The aerobic fermentation in the upper layer is preferable if using long term stored material. The oyster mushroom strain HK-35 was used for testing. An increase in biological efficiency with 37% was found for aerobic fermentation in comparison with stream processing. From evaluation of temperature influence during pasteurization phase, the biological efficiency increased with 11% for tested temperature treatment at 74±3°С in comparison to the standard at 63±3°С.
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| 2. |
- Bandura, Iryna, et al.
(författare)
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Pretreatment of wheat straw and solid state fermentation improves yield and biological efficiency in Pleurotus ostreatus Jacq) P. Kumm. mushroom production
- 2017
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Ingår i: Advances in medicinal mushroom science. - Palermo, Italy : University of Palermo. ; , s. 41-43
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pretreatment method for generating substrate for large scale production of oyster mushroom is critical for determining high yield and biological efficiency (BE). The aim of this study was to develop an optimal storage and pretreatment procedure for substrate used in oyster mushroom production. The effect of wheat straw substrate storage (outdoor- open air versus indoor- closed barn) and pretreatment (steam (SP) and hot water (HWP) pasteurization and solid state fermentation (SSF)) on substrate microbiological quality, mushroom yield/BE were investigated during the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus strain HK-35. The influence of temperatures used during solid state fermentation on BE was also investigated. There were significant changes among the parameters measured (moisture, total nitrogen, ash content, C/N ratio and total microbial count (CFU) between indoor and outdoor storage. The indoor storage gave higher values. With outdoor storage, CFU showed about 800 times increase. Among the substrate treatment methodstested (SP-control, HWP and SSF), SSF gave consistently higher fruit body yield and BE which ranged from 77-86% compared to the control which ranged from 40-53%. Also SSF conducted at higher temperature (74°C) gave higher BE of 81.2% compared to one conducted at lower temperature (63°C), which gave BE of 69.4%. We consider these findings to be useful in further studies on the redesign oF industrial production systems, which can make oyster mushroom production more profitable in Ukraine and beyond.
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| 3. |
- Beregniak, Evgeniy, et al.
(författare)
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Ecological Analysis of the Current State of Forest Resources in Forest Steppe of Ukraine
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Ecological Engineering. - : Polish Society of Ecological Engineering (PTIE). - 2299-8993. ; 24:1, s. 87-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forests perform essential ecological functions - water protection, sanitation, health, recreation, and aesthetics. The research aimed to substantiate the ecological and economic importance of forest resources in the Kyiv region and analyse their rational use and protection. The article shows that the Kyiv region belongs to the regions with an average level of forest cover – 592.8 thousand hectares or 22.2%. The level of forest cover is uneven in the area of the Kyiv Forest zone. It is 44%, and in the area of the Forest-Steppe, it is much lower and decreases from north to south. The use of forest resources in the Kyiv region in 2019 amounted to harvesting liquid wood of 999.5 thousand m2, and deforestation was carried out on 75.5 thousand hectares. The region's volume of forestry works and services amounted to 8,9 million dollars, and the wood stock makes 90805,9 thousand m2. Emphasis is placed on the importance of protecting the Red Book species of plants and fungi that grow in the forests of the Kyiv region. Examples of harmful economic activity in the areas belonging to the nature reserve fund and large-scale fires in April 2020, which covered more than 3.5 thousand hectares of forests in the region and caused damage to forest fauna and flora. The studied region's positive environmental and economic factors have been admitted by planting trees on an area of 2151 hectares and sowing seeds of forest species on an area of 67 hectares in 2020.
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| 4. |
- Björngrim, Niclas, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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The use of large-scale X-ray computed tomography for the evaluation of damaged structural elements from an old timber bridge
- 2022
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Ingår i: Wood Material Science & Engineering. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1748-0272 .- 1748-0280. ; 17:6, s. 1028-1029
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper shows how timber structures in our cultural heritage can be evaluated by large-scale X-ray computed tomography (CT) to supplement visual inspection and conventional strength and biological degradation tests. Approx. 25 year old preservative-impregnated timber beams from a nearly 300-year-old timber bridge were replaced due to severe degradation. The condemned beams were examined by CT scanning, and three-point bending and decay tests were performed. The CT imaging gave a good overview of the internal structure of the beams, and features such as rot, nails and cracking could easily be detected and quantified. The CT images indicate that mild-steel nails from the decking of the bridge were the main cause of subsequent degradation by rot fungus. The load at breakage and the modulus of elasticity (MOE) values of the condemned beams were approx. half those of the undamaged reference beam. Large-scale CT scanning is a powerful tool for the non-destructive inspection of timber members in historical structures.
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| 5. |
- Karlsson, Olov, et al.
(författare)
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Multivariate modeling of mould growth in relation to extractives in dried Scots pine sapwood
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings IRG Annual Meetin.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Influence of extractives on mould growth on Scots pine sapwood dried in air or in kiln was studied. Boards were sprayed with water mixtures of spores of the fungal species Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Mucor sp., Paecilomyces sp., Trichoderma sp., treated at a temperature of 22ºC at 90% RH, classified into a percentage of covered area. Acetone and water extracts were isolated and analyzed for sugars, nitrogen, ash, resin/fatty acids, glycerol, and phenols. A multivariate Orthogonal Partial Least Squares (OPLS) regression model was developed to study relations between the extent of mould coverage of boards and chemical content. The model describes 51% variability in X and 69% in Y with prediction power of 55%. The results indicated that total acetone soluble extractives and sugars like glucose contributed to increased mould growth whereas fatty acids prevent mould growth.
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| 6. |
- Karlsson, Olov, et al.
(författare)
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Thermally modified wood treated with methacrylate
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting IRG49 Scientific Conference on Wood Protection Sandton, Johannesburg, South Africa 29 April-3 May.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thermally modified timber (TMT)from Scots pine sapwood similar to Thermo-D quality was impregnated with methacrylate resin by the hot-and-cold method and subsequently cured at elevated temperatures. The results showedthat methacrylate resin could be used to reduce colouring of painted TMT wood during accelerated weathering probably by hindering the migration of extractives. The resin itself did not reduce greying of the unpainted wood. Hardness was only slightly improved by treatment with the resin probably due to a higher density of the material. Formation of blisters occurred but wasreduced by treatment with the resin. Resistance to mould growth by a mixture of Aureobasidium pullulans, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Aspergillus versicolor, Penicillium purpurogenumwas performed by applying EN-15457:2014. Treatment with methacrylic resin hindered the colonisation of the three last mouldfungi.
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| 7. |
- Kim, Injeong, et al.
(författare)
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Methacrylic resin for protection of wood from discoloration by mould growth and weathering
- 2020
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Ingår i: BioResources. - : North Carolina State University. - 1930-2126. ; 15:3, s. 7018-7033
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The discoloration of uncoated wood surfaces in both outdoor and indoor use in non-heated spaces has become an increasing problem in European timber constructions due to the use of less toxic substances for protection and also changes in outdoor climate conditions, necessitating the use of protective coatings. To investigate the effect of methyl methacrylic (MMA) resin for the protection of wood from discoloration and mould growth, resin-treated wood surfaces were studied in a laboratory-scale mould test, as well as in an outdoor weathering test. Non-modified Scots pine and Norway spruce were used, and some of the test materials were also thermally modified. The resin suppressed mould growth for the laboratory-scale experiments. The protective effect was considerably reduced for outdoor tests. The MA resin did not effectively prevent the wood from greying from ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure; there was some protective effect detected on the pine. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of weathered specimens showed a reduction of lignin-associated absorption bands for all treatments, which corresponded to the UV degradation and greying of the wood surface. It is suggested that MMA resin may provide adequate protection against mould growth on wood without direct exposure to rain and sunshine (e.g., attics, basements, etc).
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| 8. |
- Kroupa, Michal, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of thermal modification on bending properties and chemical structure of Iroko and Padauk
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings. - Wageningen : SHR B.V.. ; , s. 155-161
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The thermal modification process essentially involves a controlled degradation of the wood, primarily resulting in the degradation of hemicelluloses. In this study, thermal modification at temperatures of 160, 180 and 210 °C was used in superheated steam. Examined wood samples were iroko (Milicia excelsa (Welw.) C.C. Berg) and padauk (Pterocarpus soyauxii Taub.). Testing of bending properties was done according to the Standard ČSN 49 0116 (ASTM 04.10 WoodD143-09). The samples were loaded by three-point bending. Chemical analysis of total extractives and phenols content, pH and Ec changes and ash content.The results show that with the increasing temperature of the thermal modification process, the modulus of rupture and density decreases. The force and deflection at the limit of proportionality increased. The thermal modification process affected the chemical characteristics of both species. The distribution of total extractives and phenols varied strongly for iroko, but for padauk decrease with increased treatment temperature and time was observed. Having a more detailed assessment of wood chemical changes and degradation products from structural and non-structural wood components and their resistance to biological attack is necessary for the future development of sustainable technologies for the thermal treatment of iroko and padouk.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Lin, Chia-feng, et al.
(författare)
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A new wood-modification process based on in situ grafting of urethane groups: biological resistance and dimensional stability of carbamylated Scots pine wood
- 2023
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Ingår i: Wood Material Science & Engineering. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-0272 .- 1748-0280. ; 18:3, s. 1160-1162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chemical modification of wood typically requires the impregnation of wood with reactive compounds capable of undergoing covalent bonding to functional groups present in the cell wall. Creating such reactive agents in situ, with the use of low-priced chemicals, would prove more attractive for commercial applications. In this study, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood was impregnated with an aqueous solution of urea (30%), dried at 40°C for 24 h, and subsequently heat treated in an oven at 150°C for 24 h to produce the reactive isocyanic acid. By using accelerated fungal tests under laboratory conditions, provisional tests demonstrated a high biological resistance against selected moulds and rots. Migration of urea into the wood structure and grafting to its polymers during subsequent heat treatment, led to a bulked cell wall and enhanced resistance to water swelling, even after cycling water treatments. The bending strength (MOR) of modified pine wood was reduced by the treatment applied, while its modulus of elasticity (MOE) remained unchanged.
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