| 1. |
- Melander-Wikman, Anita, et al.
(författare)
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Projekt: Äldre personers förväntningar på användandet av informations- och kommunikationsteknologi som stöd
- 2013
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Informations- och kommunikationsteknologi används idag inom hälso- och sjukvård för bland annat livsstilsrelaterade sjukdomar som tillexempel vid övervikt och fetma, IKT är en del av den verksamhet som hälso- och sjukvården satsar på i framtiden. Användning av IKT i hälsorelaterade sammanhang för större befolkningsgrupper förutsätter en viss grad av beredskap hos befolkningen som sannolikt inte bara är relaterad till kännedom om möjligheterna och vana vid teknologin, utan en förväntan om att det kan vara av värde för personen själv. Kunskaperna är magra om befolkningens beredskap för och inställning till IKT som ett verktyg för kontakten mellan vårdtagare och vårdgivare, och de undersökningar som finns över detta visar på en bild av återhållna förväntningar. I projektet studeras vilken betydelse informations- och kommunikationsteknik har för äldre personers livskvalitet och vilka förväntningar som finns framtida IKT lösningar som stöd för viktnedgång. Datainsamlingar genomförs via enkäter som skickas ut till slumpmässigt valda personer i Sverige och genom intervjuer gemomförda individuellt och i grupp.
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| 2. |
- Abugabbara, Marwan, et al.
(författare)
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How to develop fifth-generation district heating and cooling in Sweden? : Application review and best practices proposed by middle agents
- 2023
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Ingår i: Energy Reports. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2352-4847. ; 9, s. 4971-4983
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden has an ambitious plan to fully decarbonise district heating by 2030 and to contribute with negative emissions of greenhouse gases in 2050. The vagaries of the energy market associated with climate, political, and social changes entail cross-sectoral integration that can fulfill these national targets. Fifth-generation district heating and cooling (5GDHC) is a relatively new concept of district energy systems that features a simultaneous supply of heating and cooling using power-to-heat technologies. This paper presents best practices for developing 5GDHC systems in Sweden to reach a consensus view on these systems among all stakeholders. A mixed-method combining best practice and roadmapping workshops has been used to disseminate mixed knowledge and experience from middle agents representing industry professionals and practitioners. Four successful implementations of 5GDHC systems are demonstrated and the important learned lessons are shared. The best practices are outlined for system planning, system modeling and simulation, prevailing business models for energy communities, and system monitoring. A roadmap from the middle agents’ point of view is composed and can be utilised to establish industry standards and common regulatory frameworks. © 2023 The Author(s)
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| 3. |
- Bilén, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Miljökvalitetsmålen 2016 : Årlig uppföljning av miljökvalitetsmålen
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I Blekinge bedöms inte något miljökvalitetsmål vara möjligt att nå till år 2020. För att kunna lämna över ett hållbart samhälle till nästa generation krävs förebyggande arbete, ef?????????????????r. Ambitionerna måste öka och miljöfrågorna prioriteras högre på den politiska agendan.De mål som rör biologisk mångfald och bevarande av kulturmiljö följer enneutral eller negativ trend. I odlingslandskapet leder färre lantbrukare ochbrist på betesdjur till igenväxning av hagmarker. Livsmiljöer försvinner och????????????????????????????????????????,främst möte insekter.För att god ekologisk status ska uppnås i vattendragen behövs ny vattenlagstiftning och mer resurser för tillsyn. I Blekinges kustvatten är övergödning ett stort miljöproblem och det krävs kraftfulla åtgärder för att minska näringsläckaget. Arbetet med vattenförsörjningsplaner behöver fortsätta för att trygga framtida dricksvattenförsörjning. De senaste årens fynd av PFAS i dricksvatten visar på vikten av att skydda vattentäkter, genomföra riskbedömningar och undersöka förekomst av föroreningar.Obalans mellan den tätbefolkade kusten och den glesbyggda landsbygden är en utmaning i länet. Byggandet vid kusten ställer krav på en hänsynsfull bebyggelseutveckling som tydligt beaktar miljökvalitetsmålen.Internationella överenskommelser om kemikalier och minskade utsläpp till luft och vatten är nödvändigt för att uppnå uppsatta mål. Dessutom behövs en omställning till ett samhälle som baseras på förnybar energi. För att skapa en hållbar framtid måste vi förändra vår livsstil och vår attityd till konsumtion. Lokala och regionala åtgärder såsom arbete för en giftfri förskola och minskade utsläpp av mikroplaster är steg i rätt riktning.Minskad biologisk mångfald påverkar tillsammans med klimatförändringar, övergödning och miljögifter många av de ekosystemtjänster som vi är beroende av för mänsklig välfärd och en hållbar samhällsutveckling. Det pågår insatser som förbättrar tillståndet i miljön, men det går för långsamt. Det krävs mer resurser och modiga politiska beslut för att möjliggöra en hållbar framtid, den framtid som vi är skyldiga våra barn!
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| 4. |
- Gustafsson, Nils, 1990-
(författare)
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Calcified carotid artery atheromas in panoramic radiographs : diagnostic reliability and association to cardiovascular disease, diabetes and periodontitis
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective: Incidental findings of Calcified Carotid Artery Atheromas (CCAA) on Panoramic Radiographs (PRs) of the jaws can be a risk marker for cardiovascular disease. The objectives for the thesis were to investigate the association between CCAA and 1) Myocardial Infarction (MI), 2) periodontitis, 3) diabetes and 4) estimated cardiovascular risk. Also 5) if patients with both CCAA and periodontitis have a higher risk of MI. The final objective was to study 6) General Dental Practitioners (GDPs) ability to detect CCAA on PRs and if a short training programme can improve their diagnostic accuracy.Materials and methods: Paper I-III were part of the Swedish, multicentre (17 hospitals) case- control study Periodontitis and Its Relation to Coronary Artery Disease (PAROKRANK). The study included 1610 individuals, 805 cases (151 women) diagnosed with first acute MI, and 805 controls matched for age, sex and residential area. Seventeen participants were not examined with PR and an additional 111 were excluded due to inadequate quality. As a result, 90 participants lost their match. Paper I and II had a case-control design that only included matched cases (n = 696) and controls (n = 696). Paper II and III used a cross-sectional design to evaluate all included cases (n = 738) and controls (n = 744) separately. All participants in PAROKRANK went through a detailed medical and oral health examination, including e.g., oral glucose tolerance, an extensive blood panel, and 4-point pocket probing. All PRs were assessed both for the presence of CCAA and signs of poor oral health, including marginal bone loss. The results from the medical examination were used to estimate risk of future cardiovascular events and death using Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) and Framingham Risk Score (FRS). The results from the oral health examination were used to classify the degree of periodontitis both according to bone loss and clinical periodontal disease index (CPDI). Paper IV used a pre-post design to evaluate 14 GDPs diagnostic accuracy regarding assessment of CCAA on PR before and after participation in a short training programme. The GDPs were evaluated at baseline, 2 weeks and 1 year after training. Comparisons were made with the consensus of 2 experienced oral and maxillofacial radiologists.Results: Paper I: CCAA on PRs was more common among cases with recent first MI, (33.8% with CCAA), compared to controls (27.6%; P = 0.012). Paper II: CCAA and CPDI were associated among cases (OR 1.51; 95% CI, 1.09 to 2.10; P = 0.02) and controls (OR 1.70; 95% CI, 1.22 to 2.38; P < 0.01). No association was found between CCAA and the degree of bone loss on PR. MI had a stronger association to CCAA combined with periodontitis, than to either condition alone (OR 1.75; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.74; P = 0.01). Paper III: Elevated risk of a future cardiovascular event estimated with FRS was associated with CCAA, both among cases (OR 1.89; 95% CI: 1.31–2.73, P = 0.001) and controls (OR 1.64; 95% CI: 1.03–2.64, P = 0.04). Elevated risk of cardiovascular death according to SCORE was associated with CCAA among controls (OR 1.58; 95% CI: 1.12–2.23, P < 0.01) but not among cases. Diabetes was more common among controls with than without CCAA (18.0% vs. 11.7%), but this association was not statistically significant after adjustments. Paper I-III included a sex- stratified analysis revealing that the results were mainly applicable on men. Paper IV: An improvement in diagnostic accuracy was observed among GDPs after a short training programme for diagnosing CCAA on PR. The sensitivity increased (41.8% to 55.7%, P = 0.02) without a decrease in specificity. The kappa values also increased (0.66 to 0.71, P = 0.04). At 1 year follow up, the improvements compared to baseline remained.Conclusions: There is an association between CCAA on PR and MI. Clinically diagnosed periodontitis is associated with CCAA on PR, and among participants with both periodontitis and CCAA there is a higher probability of having had MI than among participants with either condition alone. An increased estimated risk of future cardiovascular events and death according to FRS and SCORE is associated with CCAA on PR. These conclusions are mainly applicable on men. Diabetes was not independently associated with CCAA on PR, possibly due to selection bias. A short training programme can significantly and sustainably improve GDPs diagnostic accuracy regarding CCAA. This indicate that GDPs could contribute to prevention of cardiovascular events and death by detecting CCAA on PR and, should be encouraged to refer patients without previous treatment of cardiovascular disease for further medical attention, and if other cardiovascular risk factors are identified, necessary treatment.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Hägglund, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Model of persistent foot-and-mouth disease virus infection in multilayered cells derived from bovine dorsal soft palate
- 2020
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Ingår i: Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1865-1674 .- 1865-1682. ; 67, s. 133-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious vesicular disease in livestock, with serious consequences for international trade. The virus persists in the nasopharynx of cattle and this slows down the process to obtain an FMDV-free status after an outbreak. To study biological mechanisms, or to identify molecules that can be targeted to diagnose or interfere with persistence, we developed a model of persistent FMDV infection in bovine dorsal soft palate (DSP). Primary DSP cells were isolated after commercial slaughter and were cultured in multilayers at the air-liquid interface. After 5 weeks of culture without further passage, the cells were infected with FMDV strain O/FRA/1/2001. Approximately, 20% of cells still had a polygonal morphology and displayed tight junctions as in stratified squamous epithelia. Subsets of cells expressed cytokeratin and most or all cells expressed vimentin. In contrast to monolayers in medium, multilayers in air demonstrated only a limited cytopathic effect. Integrin alpha(V)beta(6) expression was observed in mono- but not in multilayers. FMDV antigen, FMDV RNA and live virus were detected from day 1 to 28, with peaks at day 1 and 2. The proportion of infected cells was highest at 24 hr (3% and 36% of cells at an MOI of 0.01 and 1, respectively). At day 28 after infection, at a time when animals that still harbour FMDV are considered carriers, FMDV antigen was detected in 0.2%-2.1% of cells, in all layers, and live virus was isolated from supernatants of 6/8 cultures. On the consensus level, the viral genome did not change within the first 24 hr after infection. Only a few minor single nucleotide variants were detected, giving no indication of the presence of a viral quasispecies. The air-liquid interface model of DSP brings new possibilities to investigate FMDV persistence in a controlled manner.
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| 7. |
- Jesinkey, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Initiation of reaching when standing with and without DAFOs in children with spastic diplegia
- 2005
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Ingår i: Advances in Physiotherapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1403-8196 .- 1651-1948. ; 7:4, s. 144-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated whether the use of dynamic ankle foot orthoses (DAFOs) can improve the coordination between standing posture and a reaching movement. We investigated the temporal sequence between onset of center of pressure (CoP) displacement and onset of hand displacement by means of two AMTI force plates and a two-camera optoelectronic system (ELITE). The task was to reach for a cup. Reflective markers were placed on hand, trunk and the cup. Four children with spastic diplegia and eight control children (aged 5-12) participated. They were tested wearing DAFOs (diplegia) and the results were compared with wearing shoes (diplegia and control). The children with spastic diplegia were able to make use of anticipatory changes in CoP displacement. The results indicated that more trials in children with spastic diplegia had CoP onset preceding hand onset while wearing DAFOs (18/20) than when wearing only shoes. More trials (27/40) during the 20% reaching condition in the control group had CoP onset preceding hand onset than during the 10% reaching condition (18/40). In spite of different amounts of assistance, anticipatory postural adjustments were found in the diplegia group. Use of anticipatory postural adjustments was not consistent in the control group. Practice of reaching during standing can be carried out with DAFOs and/or hand support, and can promote motor learning of anticipatory postural adjustments.
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| 8. |
- Karlsson, Björn C. G., et al.
(författare)
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A molecularly imprinted polymer-based detection of Warfarin using time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Warfarin is a clinically important drug widely used in the treatment of thrombolic disorders e.g. myocardial infarction and stroke.1 When administered, 99% of the drug present in blood is bound to the transport protein human serum albumin (HSA).2 On account of the fact that HSA demonstrates polymorphism and warfarin has a narrow therapeutic index, careful monitoring of the effect of drug-dosage must be performed.Currently, warfarin’s anticoagulant effect is measured by an indirect method in which the clotting time is measured and correlated to the amount of warfarin present. As current methods for self-monitoring are limited, the development of alternative robust and more sensitive methods is desirable.In this study, we have developed a non-covalent molecularly imprinted polymer3 (MIP) system with selectivity for warfarin.4 The HSA-like binding properties of this MIP were established in previous efforts to develop polymers capable of HSA-like binding of warfarin.5In principle, the fluorophoric nature of warfarin should allow for the fluorescence spectroscopy-based detection of the drug. Recent efforts by us,6-8 using a series of theoretical and spectroscopic studies have highlighted the complex nature of warfarin. In particular, the medium dependent isomerization of this drug illustrates why spectroscopy based methods for the direct detection of the drug has not been forthcoming. Results from these studies have been used to develop a method for the in situ detection of warfarin using time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy.(1) Landefeld, C.; Beyth, R. Anticoagulant-related bleeding - epidemiology, prediction and prevention. Am. J. Med. 1993, 95, 315-328.(2) Yacobi, A.; Udall, J. A.; Levy, G. Comparative pharmacokinetics of coumarin anticoagulants.18 Serum-protein binding as a determinant of warfarin body clearance and anticoagulant effect. Clin. Pharmacol Ther. 1976, 19, 552-558.(3) Alexander, C.; Andersson, H. S.; Andersson, L. I.; Ansell, R. J.; Kirsch, N.; Nicholls, I. A.; O'Mahony, J.; Whitcombe, M. J. Molecular imprinting science and technology: A survey of the literature for the years up to and including 2003. Journal of Molecular Recognition 2006, 19, 106-180.(4) Rosengren, A. M.; Karlsson, B. C. G.; Näslund, I.; Andersson, P. O.; Nicholls, I. A. Time resolved fluorescence spectroscopic detection of the anticoagulant warfarin: A sensor-based method for direct detection in blood plasma. 2010, Submitted.(5) Karlsson, B. C. G.; Rosengren, A. M.; Näslund, I.; Andersson, P. O.; Nicholls, I. A. Synthetic Human Serum Albumin Sudlow I binding site mimics. 2010, Submitted.(6) Karlsson, B. C. G.; Rosengren, A. M.; Andersson, P. O.; Nicholls, I. A. The Spectrophysics of Warfarin: Implications for Protein Binding J. Phys. Chem. B 2007, 111, 10520-10528.(7) Karlsson, B. C. G.; Rosengren, A. M.; Andersson, P. O.; Nicholls, I. A. Molecular Insights on the Two Fluorescence Lifetimes Displayed by Warfarin from Fluorescence Anisotropy and Molecular Dynamics Studies. J. Phys. Chem. B 2009, 113, 7945-7949.(8) Nicholls, I. A.; Karlsson, B. C. G., Rosengren, A. M.. Henschel, H. Warfarin: an Environment-Dependent Switchable Molecular Probe. J. Mol. Recognit. 2010, in press.
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| 9. |
- Karlsson, Björn C. G., et al.
(författare)
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Synthetic Human Serum Albumin Sudlow I Binding Site Mimics
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 53:22, s. 7932-7937
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here, we report the design, synthesis, and characterization of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) derived mimics of the human serum albumin (HSA) Sudlow I site-the binding site for the anticoagulant warfarin. MIP design was based upon a combination of experimental (H-1 NMR) and computational (molecular dynamics) methods, Two MIPs and corresponding nonimprinted reference polymers were synthesized and characterized (scanning electron microscopy; nitrogen sorption; and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). MIP-ligand recognition was examined using radioligand binding studies, where the largest number of selective sites was found in a warfarin-imprinted methacrylic acid ethylene dimethacrylate copolymer (MAA-MIP). The warfarin selectivity of this MIP was confirmed using radioligand displacement and zonal chromatographic studies. A direct comparison of MIP-warfarin binding characteristics with those of the HSA Sudlow I binding site was made, and similarities in site population (per gram polymer or protein) and affinities were observed. The warfarin selectivity of the MIP suggests its potential for use as a recognition element in a MIP-based warfarin sensor and even as a model to aid in understanding and steering blood-plasma protein-regulated transport processes or even for the development of warfarin sensors.
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| 10. |
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