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- Sato-Hashimoto, Miho, et al.
(författare)
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Microglial SIRP alpha regulates the emergence of CD11c(+) microglia and demyelination damage in white matter
- 2019
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLIFE Sciences Publications. - 2050-084X. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A characteristic subset of microglia expressing CD11c appears in response to brain damage. However, the functional role of CD11c(+) microglia, as well as the mechanism of its induction, are poorly understood. Here we report that the genetic ablation of signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRP alpha), a membrane protein, induced the emergence of CD11c(+) microglia in the brain white matter. Mice lacking CD47, a physiological ligand of SIRP alpha, and microglia-specific SIRP alpha-knockout mice exhibited the same phenotype, suggesting that an interaction between microglial SIRP alpha and CD47 on neighbouring cells suppressed the emergence of CD11c(+) microglia. A lack of SIRP alpha did not cause detectable damage to the white matter, but resulted in the increased expression of genes whose expression is characteristic of the repair phase after demyelination. In addition, cuprizone-induced demyelination was alleviated by the microglia-specific ablation of SIRP alpha. Thus, microglial SIRP alpha suppresses the induction of CD11c(+) microglia that have the potential to accelerate the repair of damaged white matter.
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- Sato, Yousuke, et al.
(författare)
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Model Intercomparison of Atmospheric Cs-137 From the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident : Simulations Based on Identical Input Data
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres. - 2169-897X .- 2169-8996. ; 123:20, s. 11748-11765
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A model intercomparison of the atmospheric dispersion of cesium-137 (Cs-137) emitted after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in Japan was conducted to understand the behavior of atmospheric Cs-137 in greater detail. The same meteorological data with a fine spatiotemporal resolution and an emission inventory were applied to all models to exclude the differences among the models originating from differences in meteorological and emission data. The meteorological data were used for initial, boundary, and nudging data or offline meteorological field. Furthermore, a horizontal grid with the same resolution as that of the meteorological data was adopted for all models. This setup enabled us to focus on model variability originating from the processes included in each model, for example, physical processes. The multimodel ensemble captured 40% of the atmospheric Cs-137 events observed by measurements, and the figure of merit in space for the total deposition of Cs-137 exceeded 80. The lower score of the atmospheric Cs-137 than that of the deposition originated from the difference in timing between observed and simulated atmospheric Cs-137. Our analyses indicated that meteorological data were most critical for reproducing the atmospheric Cs-137 events. The results further revealed that differences in Cs-137 concentrations among the models originated from deposition and diffusion processes when the meteorological field was simulated reasonably well. The models with small deposition fluxes produced higher scores for atmospheric Cs-137, and those with strong diffusion succeeded in capturing the high Cs-137 concentrations observed; however, they also tended to overestimate the concentrations.
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