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- Zamora, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
- 2018
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Ingår i: IMA Fungus. - : INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 2210-6340 .- 2210-6359. ; 9:1, s. 167-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
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| 2. |
- Hallberg, Pär, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of Clinical Factors Between Patients With Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor-Induced Angioedema and Cough
- 2017
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Ingår i: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. - Thousand Oaks, USA : Sage Publications. - 1060-0280 .- 1542-6270. ; 51:4, s. 293-300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Angioedema is a rare and serious adverse drug reaction (ADR) to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor treatment. Dry cough is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors and has been identified as a possible risk factor for angioedema.Objective: We compared characteristics between patients with ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema and cough with the aim of identifying risk factors that differ between these adverse events.Methods: Data on patients with angioedema or cough induced by ACE inhibitors were collected from the Swedish database of spontaneously reported ADRs or from collaborating clinicians. Wilcoxon rank sum test, Fisher's exact test, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were used to test for between-group differences. The significance threshold was set to P <0.00128 to correct for multiple comparisons.Results: Clinical characteristics were compared between 168 patients with angioedema and 121 with cough only. Smoking and concomitant selective calcium channel blocker treatment were more frequent among patients with angioedema than cough: OR = 4.3, 95% CI = 2.1-8.9, P = 2.2 × 10(-5), and OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 2.0-7.0, P = 1.7 × 10(-5) Angioedema cases were seen more often in male patients (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.4-3.6, P = 1.3 × 10(-4)) and had longer time to onset and higher doses than those with cough (P = 3.2 × 10(-10) and P = 2.6 × 10(-4)). A multiple model containing the variables smoking, concurrent calcium channel blocker treatment, male sex, and time to onset accounted for 26% of the variance between the groups.Conclusion: Smoking, comedication with selective calcium channel blockers, male sex, and longer treatment time were associated with ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema rather than cough.
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| 5. |
- Palme, Tina, et al.
(författare)
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Laboratory feeding experiments - investigating respiration rates of the benthic foraminifer Nonionella sp. T1
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Congress FORAMS2023, Perugia, Italy, 25-30th June 2023.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Benthic foraminifera are important components of marine ecosystems, contributing to biogeochemical cycling and serving as indicators of environmental change. Their behaviour under different environmental conditions is of importance for the study of paleoclimate due to their extensive use as paleoproxies. Gaining knowledge of their role in energy and nutrient flows leads to a better understanding of ecosystem functioning. In this study we investigated respiration rates of the potentially invasive benthic foraminifer Nonionella sp. T1 originating from sediments within the Gullmar Fjord and cultivated in artificial sea water (ASW) in the laboratory at the University of Vienna. In order to assess the flux of organic carbon within an organism both oxygen respiration and carbon assimilation need to be considered. A non-invasive method was used to analyze oxygen respiration rates. The method involved placing an Oxygen Sensor Spot in a small, 2.5 ml airtight glass vial alongside the foraminifera. Oxygen concentrations under dark and light conditions were documented using an Oxygen Microsensor. We used a large number (n = 100 per sample, triplicates measured) of cleaned, living specimen. Respiration rates are given in nl O2/h calculated for biovolume (μm3) which was assessed for each individual using photo microscopy. For the purpose of quantifying CO2 production from foraminiferal respiration samples were additionally analysed via Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) which detects trace metals and measures isotopic ratios from a gas phase. In order to more clearly trace the carbon signal from the foraminifera within this experimental setup they were fed with freeze-dried 13C-labelled diatoms (Phaeodactylum tricornutum) prior to the CO2 measurements. Our results from the Oxygen Microsensor show a consistent respiratory activity for Nonionella sp. T1 by a significant (r2 ≥ 0.98) linear decrease in oxygen content over time (~ 7 h). The oxygen respiration rates measured at 7.37 x 10-7 to 3.32 x 10-6 nl O2/μm3/h under dark conditions fall within the upper range of previously observed foraminiferal respiration rates. With most other studies using much less specimen for measurements due to their focus on the relation between respiration rates and individual biovolume a direct comparison is difficult. Further, first results from CRDS analysis show detectable amounts of CO2 release from foraminiferal respiration and more results are needed. Combining these findings our research contributes to a better understanding of the metabolic processes and the ecological role of the potentially invasive foraminifer Nonionella sp. T1. Quantifying respiration rates using significant sample sizes supports the continuous evaluation of the contribution of benthic foraminifera to O2 consumption and CO2 production within benthic communities.
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