| 1. |
- Maróti, Zoltán, et al.
(författare)
-
The genetic origin of Huns, Avars, and conquering Hungarians
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 32:13, s. 2858-2870, 2858–2870.e1–e7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Huns, Avars, and conquering Hungarians were migration-period nomadic tribal confederations that arrived in three successive waves in the Carpathian Basin between the 5th and 9th centuries. Based on the historical data, each of these groups are thought to have arrived from Asia, although their exact origin and relation to other ancient and modern populations have been debated. Recently, hundreds of ancient genomes were analyzed from Central Asia, Mongolia, and China, from which we aimed to identify putative source populations for the above-mentioned groups. In this study, we have sequenced 9 Hun, 143 Avar, and 113 Hungarian conquest period samples and identified three core populations, representing immigrants from each period with no recent European ancestry. Our results reveal that this “immigrant core” of both Huns and Avars likely originated in present day Mongolia, and their origin can be traced back to Xiongnus (Asian Huns), as suggested by several historians. On the other hand, the “immigrant core” of the conquering Hungarians derived from an earlier admixture of Mansis, early Sarmatians, and descendants of late Xiongnus. We have also shown that a common “proto-Ugric” gene pool appeared in the Bronze Age from the admixture of Mezhovskaya and Nganasan people, supporting genetic and linguistic data. In addition, we detected shared Hun-related ancestry in numerous Avar and Hungarian conquest period genetic outliers, indicating a genetic link between these successive nomadic groups. Aside from the immigrant core groups, we identified that the majority of the individuals from each period were local residents harboring “native European” ancestry.
|
|
| 2. |
- Széles, Lajos, et al.
(författare)
-
Research resource: transcriptome profiling of genes regulated by RXR and its permissive and nonpermissive partners in differentiating monocyte-derived dendritic cells.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Molecular Endocrinology. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0888-8809 .- 1944-9917. ; 24, s. 2218-2231
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are heterodimerization partners for many nuclear receptors and also act as homodimers. Heterodimers formed by RXR and a nonpermissive partner, e.g. retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR), can be activated only by the agonist of the partner receptor. In contrast, heterodimers that contain permissive partners, e.g. liver X receptor (LXR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), can be activated by agonists for either the partner receptor or RXR, raising the possibility of pleiotropic RXR signaling. However, it is not known to what extent the receptor's activation results in triggering mechanisms dependent or independent of permissive heterodimers. In this study, we systematically and quantitatively characterized all probable RXR-signaling pathways in differentiating human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs). Using pharmacological, microarray and quantitative RT-PCR techniques, we identified and characterized gene sets regulated by RXR agonists (LG100268 and 9-cis retinoic acid) and agonists for LXRs, PPARs, RARα, and VDR. Our results demonstrated that permissiveness was partially impaired in Mo-DCs, because a large number of genes regulated by PPAR or LXR agonists was not affected by RXR-specific agonists or was regulated to a lesser extent. As expected, we found that RXR agonists regulated only small portions of RARα or VDR targets. Importantly, we could identify and characterize PPAR- and LXR-independent pathways in Mo-DCs most likely mediated by RXR homodimers. These data suggested that RXR signaling in Mo-DCs was mediated via multiple permissive heterodimers and also by mechanism(s) independent of permissive heterodimers, and it was controlled in a cell-type and gene-specific manner.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bergström, I, et al.
(författare)
-
High-precision Mass Measurements of Hydrogen-Like 24Mg11+ and 26Mg11+ ions in a Pening Trap
- 2002
-
Ingår i: European Physical Journal D. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6060 .- 1434-6079. ; 22:1, s. 41-45
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the determination of the bound-electron g factor in hydrogen-like heavy ions the mass of the ion is needed at a relative uncertainty of at least 1 ppb. With the SMILETRAP Penning trap mass spectrometer at the Manne Siegbahn Laboratory in Stockholm several mass measurements of ions with even-even nuclei at this level of precision have been performed so far, exploiting the fact that the mass precision increases linearly with the ion charge. Measurements of masses of the hydrogen-like ions of the two Mg-isotopes 24Mg and 26Mg are reported. The masses of the hydrogen-like ions are 23.979011054(14) u and 25.976562354(34) u, corresponding to the atomic masses 23.985041690(14) u and 25.982592986(34) u, respectively. The possibility to use these two isotopes for the first observation of an isotope effect in the bound-electron g factor in hydrogen-like heavy ions is discussed.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Nagy, Szilárd, 1978-
(författare)
-
New atomic masses related to fundamental physics measured with SMILETRAP
- 2005
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis describes the recent improvements of the SMILETRAP Penning trap mass spectrometer and a number of interesting high precision mass measurements, which have been performed using the improved apparatus, and are relevant in todays fundamental physics problems. The mass of the hydrogen-like 24,26Mg ions as well as the masses of the hydrogen- and lithium-like 40Ca ions are presented in this work that are indispensable input values when evaluating g-factor measurements of the bound electron. In both cases the uncertainty in the masses was improved by one order of magnitude compared to the literature values known so far. The mass of 7Li has been measured and a new mass value has been obtained with an unprecedented relative uncertainty of 6.3x10-10. A large deviation of 1.1 μu (160ppb) compared to the literature value has been observed. In order to find the reason of this large deviation and to look for possible systematics we have measured the mass of 4He and 6Li and concluded that the 6Li(n,γ)7Li reaction Q-value used in the literature when calculating the 7Li mass is wrong by about 1 keV. The mass difference between 3He and 3H (Δ m (3H -3He)) is the Q-value of the tritium β-decay. An accurate knowledge of the tritium Q-value is of importance in the search for a finite rest mass of the electron neutrino. By adding a measurement of the mass of 3He1+ to previous mass measurement of 3H1+ and 3He2+ we have improved our previous Q-value by a factor of 2. At the moment our Q-value is the most accurate and more importantly it is based on the correct atomic mass values.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Schuch, Reinhold, et al.
(författare)
-
Q value related mass determinations using a Penning trap
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Hyperfine Interactions. - Nederländerna : Springer. - 0304-3843 .- 1572-9540. ; 173:1-3, s. 73-83
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report here about measurements of reaction and decay Q values by precise determination of pairs of atomic masses. These were performed with the Penning trap mass spectrometer SMILETRAP. Measurements with Penning traps give reliable and accurate masses, in particular Q values, due to the fact that certain systematic errors to a great deal cancel in the mass difference between the two atoms defining the Q value. Some Q values that are of fundamental interest will be discussed here, for example, a new Q value for the 6Li (n,γ) 7Li reaction, for the β-decay of tritium, related to properties of the electron neutrino mass, and for the neutrino-less double β-decay of 76Ge, related to the question of whether the neutrino is a Majorana particle or not. In case of the latter two we report the most accurate Q values, namely 18,589.8(12) eV for the tritium decay and 2,038.997(46) keV for the neutrino-less double β-decay of 76Ge.
|
|
| 8. |
- Solders, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Determination of the proton mass from a measurement of the cyclotron frequencies of D+ and H2+ in a Penning trap
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Physical Review A. Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. - Maryland, USA : American Physical Society. - 1050-2947 .- 1094-1622. ; 78:1, s. 2514-2520
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We determine the cyclotron frequency ratio of H2+ and D+, applying the two-pulse Ramsey-excitation technique in the Penning-trap mass spectrometer SMILETRAP. The final result, based on probing more than 100 000 ions, is a frequency ratio of 0.999 231 659 33(17). Using a value of the D+ mass recently measured by the Seattle group, we obtain so far the most precise experimental H2+ mass value of 2.015 101 497 16(34) u. From this value a proton mass value of 1.007 276 466 95(18) u (0.18 ppb relative uncertainty) could be derived, in good agreement with the value of 1.007 276 466 89(14) u published by Van Dyck et al.
|
|
| 9. |
- Suhonen, Markus, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
High-frequency Ramsey excitation in a Penning trap
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - England/Italien : IOP, SISSA. - 1748-0221. ; 2:P06003, s. 1-14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Ramsey excitation method for high-precision mass-measurements of highly-charged ions has been investigated and benchmarked using H2+ ions in the Penning-trap mass-spectrometer SMILETRAP. The reason for using H2+ ions are their high cyclotron frequency which is typical for the highly-charged ions usually used at SMILETRAP. Two-, three- and four-pulse Ramsey excitation data are analyzed with the help of recent theoretical work and are compared with the previously used single-pulse excitation data. An improvement factor of 2.9 in the statistical uncertainty is achieved. Furthermore the mass of 76Se, included in the previous Q-value measurement of the 76Ge neutrinoless double beta decay, is checked using 76Se25+ ions and a three-pulse Ramsey excitation. The results show a convincing agreement with the measurement when using single-pulse excitation and therefore our Q-value of 2039.006(50) keV, performed with single-pulse excitation, is confirmed.
|
|
