| 1. |
- Awad, Raed, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human milk from Sweden and China
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environmental Science. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2050-7887 .- 2050-7895. ; 22:10, s. 2023-2030
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were determined in human milk from residents of three Chinese cities (Shanghai, Jiaxing, and Shaoxing; [n = 10 individuals per city]), sampled between 2010 and 2016. These data were compared to a combination of new and previously reported PFAS concentrations in human milk from Stockholm, Sweden, collected in 2016 (n = 10 individuals). Across the three Chinese cities, perfluorooctanoate (PFOA; sum isomers), 9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanone-1-sulfonic acid (9Cl-PF3ONS; also known as 6:2 Cl-PFESA or by its trade name "F53-B"), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS; sum isomers) occurred at the highest concentrations among all PFAS (up to 411, 976, and 321 pg mL-1, respectively), while in Stockholm, PFOA and PFOS were dominant (up to 89 and 72 pg mL-1, respectively). 3H-Perfluoro-3-[(3-methoxy-propoxy)propanoic acid] (ADONA) was intermittently detected but at concentrations below the method quantification limit (i.e. <10 pg mL-1) in Chinese samples, and was non-detectable in Swedish milk. The extremely high concentrations of F53-B in Chinese milk suggest that human exposure assessments focused only on legacy substances may severely underestimate overall PFAS exposure in breastfeeding infants.
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| 2. |
- Awad, Raed, et al.
(författare)
-
Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Human Milk from Sweden and China
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Environmental Science. - 2050-7887 .- 2050-7895. ; 19:22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Twenty per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were determined in human milk from residents of three Chinese cities (Shanghai, Jiaxing, and Shaoxing), sampled between 2010 and 2016. These data were compared to a combination of new and previously reported PFAS concentrations in human milk from Stockholm, Sweden, collected in 2016. Across the three Chinese cities, perfluorooctanoate (PFOA; sum isomers), 9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanone-1-sulfonic acid (9Cl-PF3ONS; trade name F53-B), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS; sum isomers) occurred at the highest concentrations among all PFAS (up to 411, 976, and 321 pg/mL, respectively), while in Stockholm, PFOA and PFOS were dominant (up to 89 and 72 pg/mL, respectively). 3H-perfluoro-3-[(3-methoxy-propoxy) propanoic acid (ADONA) was intermittently detected but at concentrations below the method quantification limit (i.e. <10 pg/mL) in Chinese samples, and was non-detectable in Swedish milk. The extremely high concentrations of F53-B in Chinese milk suggest that human exposure assessments focused only on legacy substances may severely underestimate overall PFAS exposure in breastfeeding infants.
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| 3. |
- Awad, Raed, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human milk from Sweden and China (vol 22, pg 2023, 2020)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Science. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2050-7887 .- 2050-7895. ; 23:1, s. 188-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Correction for ‘Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human milk from Sweden and China’ by Raed Awad et al., Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts, 2020, 22, 2023–2030, DOI: 10.1039/D0EM00077A.
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| 4. |
- Grivel, Jean-Claude, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of platinum group metal doping in magnesium diboride wires
- 2016
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity (Print). - : IEEE. - 1051-8223 .- 1558-2515. ; 26:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of some platinum group metals (PGM = Rh, Pd, and Pt) on the microstructure and critical current density of Cu/Nb-sheathed MgB2 wires has been studied using Mg1-x PGM(x)B(2) powders with low doping levels. It was found that Pt and Pd do not enter the MgB2 lattice and have only limited influence on T-c. In contrast, some Rh can be substituted and induces a decrease of T-c. Secondary phases are formed when the solubility limit is exceeded, but they have different morphologies depending on the dopant. For some of these PGM elements, flux pinning improvements have been observed at low fields. The results are discussed in comparison with previous investigations using other transition metals for doping on the Mg site.
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| 5. |
- Lindberg, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Fate of active pharmaceutical ingredients in a northern high-rate algal pond fed with municipal wastewater
- 2021
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are vital to human health and welfare, but following therapeutic use, they may pose a potential ecological risk if discharged into the environment. Today's conventional municipal wastewater treatment plants are not designed to remove APIs specifically, and various techniques, preferably cost-effective and environmentally friendly, are being developed and evaluated. Microalgae-based treatment of wastewater is a sustainable and low-cost approach to remove nutrients and emerging contaminants. In this study, a North Sweden high-rate algal pond (HRAP) using municipal untreated wastewater as medium, was investigated in terms of API distribution and fate. Three six-day batches were prepared during 18 days and a total of 36 APIs were quantified within the HRAP of which 14 were removed from the aqueous phase above 50% and seven removed above 90% of their initial concentrations. Twelve APIs of a hydrophobic nature were mostly associated with the algal biomass that was harvested at the end of each batch. HRAPs treatment successfully removed 69% of studied APIs (25 of 36 studied) in six day time. The distribution of various APIs between the aqueous phase and biomass suggested that several removal mechanisms may occur, such as hydrophobicity driven removal, passive biosorption and active bioaccumulation.
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| 6. |
- Namazkar, Shahla, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization and dermal bioaccessibility of residua - and listed PFAS ingredients in cosmetic products
- 2024
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Ingår i: Environmental Science. - 2050-7887 .- 2050-7895. ; 26:2, s. 259-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a large group of chemicals with diverse properties, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have found extensive application throughout consumer products, including cosmetics. Little is known about the importance of dermal uptake as a human exposure pathway for PFAS. Here we investigate a suite of listed-ingredient and residual PFAS in cosmetic products, along with their dermal bioaccessibility using in vitro incubations with artificial sweat. Concentrations of volatile listed ingredients (including cyclic perfluorinated alkanes, perfluorinated ethers, and polyfluorinated silanes) in three products ranged from 876–1323 μg g−1, while polar listed ingredients (i.e., polyfluoroalkyl phosphate esters [PAPs]) in a single product occurred at up to 2427 μg g−1 (6 : 2/6 : 2 diPAP)). Residual perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) were also measured at concentrations ranging from 0.02–29 μg g−1. When listed ingredients were included, our targeted analysis accounted for up to 103% of the total fluorine, while highlighting ambiguous and/or incorrect International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredient (INCI) names used in several products. Bioaccessibility experiments revealed that residual PFCAs readily partitioned to artificial sweat (bioaccessible fractions ranging from 43–76% for detectable substances) while listed ingredients (i.e., PAPs and neutral/volatile PFAS) displayed negligible partitioning. This work provides new insight into the occurrence of PFAS in cosmetic products, while furthering our understanding on their mechanisms of dermal uptake.
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| 7. |
- Namazkar, Shahla, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization and dermal bioaccessibility of residual- and listed PFAS ingredients in cosmetic products
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As a large group of chemicals with diverse properties, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have found extensive application throughout consumer products, including cosmetics. Little is known about the importance of dermal uptake as a human exposure pathway for PFAS. Here we investigate a suite of listed-ingredient and residual PFAS in cosmetic products, along with their dermal bioaccessibility using in vitro incubations with artificial sweat. Concentrations of volatile listed ingredients (including cyclic perfluorinated alkanes, perfluorinated ethers, and polyfluorinated silanes) in three products ranged from 876-1323 µg/g, while polar listed ingredients (i.e., polyfluoroalkyl phosphate esters [PAPs]) in a single product occurred at up to 2427 µg/g (6:2/6:2 diPAP)). Residual perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) were also measured at concentrations ranging from 0.02-29.31 µg/g. When listed ingredients were included, our targeted analysis accounted for up to 103% of the total fluorine, while highlighting ambiguous and/or incorrect International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient (INCI) names used in several products. Bioaccessibility experiments revealed that residual PFCAs readily partitioned to artificial sweat (bioaccessible fractions ranging from 43 – 76% for detectable substances) while listed ingredients (i.e., PAPs and neutral/volatile PFAS) displayed negligible partitioning. This work provides new insight into the occurrence of PFAS in cosmetic products, while furthering our understanding on their mechanisms of dermal uptake.
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| 8. |
- Pütz, Kerstin Winkens, et al.
(författare)
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Are cosmetics a significant source of PFAS in Europe? product inventories, chemical characterization and emission estimates
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Science. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7887 .- 2050-7895. ; 24:10, s. 1697-1707
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, emission of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from the use of cosmetics in the European Economic Area (EEA; not including Lichtenstein and Iceland) was estimated for the first time.Using the European Commission database for information on cosmetic substances and ingredients (CosIng) ~170 structures containing at least –CF2– or –CF3 were identified as ingredients in cosmetics on the European market.These structures were then cross referenced against the Cosmetic Database “CosmEthics” to identify PFAS-containing products. Among these products, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and C9-15 fluoroalcohol phosphate were the most frequently listed PFAS ingredients.Thereafter,a sample of 45 cosmetics spanning 5 product categories was purchased in Sweden and characterized for total fluorine (TF), extractable organofluorine (EOF), and target PFAS. Using measured concentrations, the share of PFAS-containing products in each product category, sales data from Cosmetics Europe, as well as other parameters and assumptions, the annual emission of PFAS from cosmetics after use was estimated. Annual EEA-wide TF and EOF-based emissions ranged from 17–38 000 kg F per year and 37–5100 kg F per year, respectively, representing combined emission to wastewater and solid waste (low to high emission scenario).Sum perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid (PFCA) emissions were considerably lower (21 kg PPFCAs per year; high scenario). While TF- and EOF-based emissions are significant, they are considerably lower than estimates of TF emission from washing of PFAS-coated textiles in the EU.This work provides the first estimate of PFAS emissions from cosmetics and highlights the importance of using a multi-platform analytical approach for PFAS emission estimates.
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