| 1. |
- Hyde, K. D., et al.
(författare)
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Global consortium for the classification of fungi and fungus-like taxa
- 2023
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Ingår i: MYCOSPHERE. - : Mushroom Research Foundation. - 2077-7000 .- 2077-7019. ; 14:1, s. 1960-2012
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is an international initiative of more than 550 mycologists to develop an electronic structure for the classification of these organisms. The members of the Consortium originate from 55 countries/regions worldwide, from a wide range of disciplines, and include senior, mid-career and early-career mycologists and plant pathologists. The Consortium will publish a biannual update of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa, to act as an international scheme for other scientists. Notes on all newly published taxa at or above the level of species will be prepared and published online on the Outline of Fungi website (https://www.outlineoffungi.org/), and these will be finally published in the biannual edition of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Comments on recent important taxonomic opinions on controversial topics will be included in the biannual outline. For example, 'to promote a more stable taxonomy in Fusarium given the divergences over its generic delimitation', or 'are there too many genera in the Boletales?' and even more importantly, 'what should be done with the tremendously diverse 'dark fungal taxa?' There are undeniable differences in mycologists' perceptions and opinions regarding species classification as well as the establishment of new species. Given the pluralistic nature of fungal taxonomy and its implications for species concepts and the nature of species, this consortium aims to provide a platform to better refine and stabilise fungal classification, taking into consideration views from different parties. In the future, a confidential voting system will be set up to gauge the opinions of all mycologists in the Consortium on important topics. The results of such surveys will be presented to the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF) and the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF) with opinions and percentages of votes for and against. Criticisms based on scientific evidence with regards to nomenclature, classifications, and taxonomic concepts will be welcomed, and any recommendations on specific taxonomic issues will also be encouraged; however, we will encourage professionally and ethically responsible criticisms of others' work. This biannual ongoing project will provide an outlet for advances in various topics of fungal classification, nomenclature, and taxonomic concepts and lead to a community-agreed classification scheme for the fungi and fungus-like taxa. Interested parties should contact the lead author if they would like to be involved in future outlines.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Chandimal, A. P. L., et al.
(författare)
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Impedance Behavior of Earth Enhancing Compound Under Lightning Transient Conditions
- 2018
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Ingår i: 2018 34th international conference on lightning protection (ICLP 2018). - New York : IEEE. - 9781538666357
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was aimed at finding the performance of commercially available earth enhancing compound (EEC) under lightning conditions. Further to that, this is an extension of a previous study conducted by the same authors referring to the same EEC. The selected material seems to perform impressively under lightning conditions passing considerably large current values. The prepared EEC mixture and the setup was tested under dry conditions and exhibited low dynamic impedance characteristics for lightning impulse voltages. Ten-stage Marx-generator was used for the experiment, and due to high conductive nature of the material, HV supply between the sample was unable to increase more than few kV. Thus the 12 cm gap inside the material was complemented with an external air gap of 90 cm. The study was a comparison between "air-gap breakdown" and "air-gap plus material-gap breakdown". The results confirmed a low impedance characteristic for the selected EEC and suggested a very low electric field inside the material gap. An approximate value for the impedance of the test setup was calculated from the collected data. A time window was selected during the steady current discharge appeared just after the point of current peak and the impedance curves for both experiments were compared at a previously defined point at the time axis. The impedance value for EEC setup was estimated to be in the region of 1 - 2 Omega.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Nanayakkara, Sankha, et al.
(författare)
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K - change : Is it a static field of a chaotic pulse burst?
- 2014
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Ingår i: 2014 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LIGHTNING PROTECTION (ICLP). - 9781479935444 ; , s. 634-642
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electric field changes associated with K - changes have been studied since 1956. In this study, the electric field variations of K changes observed in the tropics, in Sri Lanka, was analyzed to study the inter K change duration, K change duration, and possible contribution from other activities on K changes. Selected 144 k-changes of 64 lightning flashes, measured with 6.4 ns sampling rate were used for the analysis. The inter K change time interval was found to vary from 0.62 ms to 75.92 ms with an average of 16.92 ms. The duration of K-changes were found to vary from 0.44 ms to 1.65 ms with an average value of 0.48 ms. In this study, it was observed that all K - changes were combined with chaotic pulse trains (CPT). This suggests that the K - changes may be a result of slow electric field changes associated with chaotic pulse activities.
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| 6. |
- Sapumanage, N., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of energy presence in IEC and real transient impulses
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 35TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LIGHTNING PROTECTION (ICLP) AND XVI INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LIGHTNING PROTECTION (SIPDA). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781665423465
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study disclosed that the IEC impulse is not an appropriate candidate to benchmark real transient over-voltages owing to have many discrepancies between them in terms of energy localization and frequencies that host such energies. However, the total energy content of the comparable IEC impulse is higher than the real transient voltages. Thus, once tested and passed the endurance at laboratories such an energy absorbing device would not fail at the field applications against single real transient voltage. However the same cannot be guaranteed against the swarm of impulses as the same cannot be tested at the test bench due to many practical constraints. The study revealed that IEC impulses can accommodate only 2.31% of the total energy until it reaches to 90% of the peak voltage, whereas the selected real transient impulses have shown that they could accommodate nearly 6% to 18% of the total incident energy before they reach to 90 % of the peak voltage. Moreover, when IEC impulse reaches to the peak, it can incident only a 9.71% of the total energy, but real transient voltages demonstrated that they have a capacity to incident nearly 30% to 45 % total energy embedded in the impulse.
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| 7. |
- Sapumanage, N., et al.
(författare)
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Map SPD clamping voltages on to spectral clusters generated by Wavelet transformation
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 35TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LIGHTNING PROTECTION (ICLP) AND XVI INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LIGHTNING PROTECTION (SIPDA). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781665423465
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study employed wavelet transformation to disclose the spectrograms of IEC standard impulses and real transient voltages generated by the cloud to ground discharges. The spectral details of each impulse were subdivided into different spectral clusters and the outcome was mapped into respective voltage levels and time to develop correlations. Eventually different protection voltage levels of commercially available surge protection devices (SPDs) and the voltage levels of different spectral clusters were compared to determine whether harmful energy infringements could be possible when the spectral clusters are wrapped by SPDs. This study revealed that all IEC impulses have identical spectral clusters whereas real transient voltages demonstrated that they are inherited with much random spectral distributions. Thus, planning for foolproof through benchmarking real transient impulses against IEC impulses would not produce guaranteed outcomes. Hence, a poor selection of clamping voltages may create a permanent window to infringing a small quantum of harmful energy on a constant basis into sensitive systems to trigger silent killing of basic functional units.
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| 9. |
- Tschiderer, L., et al.
(författare)
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The Prospective Studies of Atherosclerosis (Proof-ATHERO) Consortium: Design and Rationale
- 2020
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Ingår i: Gerontology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0304-324X .- 1423-0003. ; 66:5, s. 447-459
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atherosclerosis - the pathophysiological mechanism shared by most cardiovascular diseases - can be directly or indirectly assessed by a variety of clinical tests including measurement of carotid intima-media thickness, carotid plaque, ankle-brachial index, pulse wave velocity, and coronary artery calcium. The Prospective Studies of Atherosclerosis (Proof-ATHERO) consortium (https://clinicalepi.i-med.ac.at/research/proof-athero/) collates de-identified individual-participant data of studies with information on atherosclerosis measures, risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and incidence of cardiovascular diseases. It currently comprises 74 studies that involve 106,846 participants from 25 countries and over 40 cities. In summary, 21 studies recruited participants from the general population (n = 67,784), 16 from high-risk populations (n = 22,677), and 37 as part of clinical trials (n = 16,385). Baseline years of contributing studies range from April 1980 to July 2014; the latest follow-up was until June 2019. Mean age at baseline was 59 years (standard deviation: 10) and 50% were female. Over a total of 830,619 person-years of follow-up, 17,270 incident cardiovascular events (including coronary heart disease and stroke) and 13,270 deaths were recorded, corresponding to cumulative incidences of 2.1% and 1.6% per annum, respectively. The consortium is coordinated by the Clinical Epidemiology Team at the Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. Contributing studies undergo a detailed data cleaning and harmonisation procedure before being incorporated in the Proof-ATHERO central database. Statistical analyses are being conducted according to pre-defined analysis plans and use established methods for individual-participant data meta-analysis. Capitalising on its large sample size, the multi-institutional collaborative Proof-ATHERO consortium aims to better characterise, understand, and predict the development of atherosclerosis and its clinical consequences. (c) 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel
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| 10. |
- Vayanganie, S. P. A., et al.
(författare)
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Electric Field Change of M Component
- 2014
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Ingår i: 2014 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LIGHTNING PROTECTION (ICLP). - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781479935444 ; , s. 1725-1728
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Temporary increase of luminosity of lightning channel during the stage of long continuing current is known as the M components. In this study 17 M components of 14 lightning flashes recorded with 10 ns sampling resolution is analyzed. Results suggest that in all analyzed cases the electric field change of M components is embedded with chaotic pulses.
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