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Sökning: WFRF:(Narbad Arjan)

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1.
  • Rodríguez, Juan Miguel, et al. (författare)
  • The composition of the gut microbiota throughout life, with an emphasis on early life
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Microbiological Ecology in Health and Disease. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0891-060X .- 1651-2235. ; 26
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The intestinal microbiota has become a relevant aspect of human health. Microbial colonization runs in parallel with immune system maturation and plays a role in intestinal physiology and regulation. Increasing evidence on early microbial contact suggest that human intestinal microbiota is seeded before birth. Maternal microbiota forms the first microbial inoculum, and from birth, the microbial diversity increases and converges toward an adult-like microbiota by the end of the first 3-5 years of life. Perinatal factors such as mode of delivery, diet, genetics, and intestinal mucin glycosylation all contribute to influence microbial colonization. Once established, the composition of the gut microbiota is relatively stable throughout adult life, but can be altered as a result of bacterial infections, antibiotic treatment, lifestyle, surgical, and a long-term change in diet. Shifts in this complex microbial system have been reported to increase the risk of disease. Therefore, an adequate establishment of microbiota and its maintenance throughout life would reduce the risk of disease in early and late life. This review discusses recent studies on the early colonization and factors influencing this process which impact on health.
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2.
  • Vardakou, Maria, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluation of the prebiotic properties of wheat arabinoxylan fractions and induction of hydrolase activity in gut microflora
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Food Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1605 .- 1879-3460. ; 123:1-2, s. 166-170
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Dietary supplementation with prebiotics may result in the stimulation of the growth of beneficial bacteria such as lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in the human gastrointestinal tract. The effect of water-unextractable arabinoxylans (WU-AX) derived from wheat on the modulation of gut bacterial composition was investigated using a mixed culture fermentation system. A prebiotic index (PI) score of 2.03 was obtained after addition of 1% (w/v) WU-AX to a pH-controlled stirred anaerobic fermentation vessel. Pretreatment of the WU-AX with endo-β-1,4-xylanase resulted in significantly higher PI value (3.48) indicating that pretreatment provided oligomers that were better utilised by the gut bacteria. The extracellular hydrolytic enzymes xylanase and ferulic acid esterase are both required for bacterial metabolism of WU-AX and both activities were present in supernatants derived from the mixed batch cultures. Addition of the WU-AX substrates to the batch cultures produced several fold increases of bacterial synthesis of both enzymes, and these increases were greater when the WU-AX substrate was pretreated with xylanase.
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3.
  • Vardakou, Maria, et al. (författare)
  • In vitro three-stage continuous fermentation of wheat arabinoxylan fractions and induction of hydrolase activity by the gut microflora
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-8130 .- 1879-0003. ; 41:5, s. 584-589
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In vitro fermentations were carried out by using a model of the human colon to stimulate microbial activities of gut bacteria. The model consisted of a three-stage culture system. Bacterial populations were evaluated under the effect of three types of arabinoxylan, a nonstarch polysaccharide derived from wheat, the water-unextractable arabinoxylan fraction (WU-AX), WU-AX pretreated with exogenous xylanase and the soluble water-extractable arabinoxylan fraction (WE-AX). The xylanase pretreated (WU-AX) had a stimulatory effect upon colonic bifidobacteria throughout all three vessels. Counts of Bacteroides spp. and Clostridium spp. were also both significantly reduced. Addition of the WU-AX substrates to the first vessel resulted in induction of bacterial synthesis of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes xylanase and ferulic acid esterase which are both required for bacterial metabolism of WU-AX; this induction was significantly greater with the xylanase treated WU-AX.
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  • Resultat 1-3 av 3

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