| 1. |
- Casolino, M., et al.
(författare)
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Relative nuclear abundances inside ISS with Sileye-3/Alteino experiment
- 2006
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Ingår i: Advances in Space Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0273-1177 .- 1879-1948. ; 37:9, s. 1685-1690
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The experiment Sileye-3/Alteino was first operational on board the international Space Station between 27/4 and 1/5/2002. It is constituted of a cosmic ray silicon detector and an electroencephalograph and is used to monitor radiation environment and study the light flash phenomenon in space. As a stand-alone device, Sileye-3/Alteino can monitor in real time cosmic ray nuclei. In this work, we report on relative nuclear abundance measurements in different regions of the orbit for nuclei from B to Fe in the energy range above similar or equal to 60 Mev/n. Abundances of nuclei such as 0 and Ne relative to C are found to be increased in respect to particle composition outside of the station, whereas the Fe group is reduced. This effect could be ascribed to nuclear interactions with the hull of the station.
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| 2. |
- Avdeev, S. V., et al.
(författare)
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Preliminary results of studying the effect of heavy charged particles on the human central nervous system in experiments SilEye and Alteino
- 2005
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Ingår i: Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics. - 1062-8738. ; 69:3, s. 512-514
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A series of experiments were carried out in the period 1995 to 2002 to study the phenomenon of light flashes (LFs) which arose in the eyes of astronauts. These experiments were made onboard the Mir orbital station (SilEye, SilEye-2) and on the Russian segment of the International Space Station (SilEye-3/Alteino). As a result of investigation it is reliably demonstrated that the majority of light flashes under conditions of a space flight are caused by nuclei of cosmic rays. Electric signals from brain, recorded during LF occurrence, were an important final result of these studies.
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| 3. |
- Brook, M. S., et al.
(författare)
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Omega-3 supplementation during unilateral resistance exercise training in older women : A within subject and double-blind placebo-controlled trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. - : Elsevier. - 2405-4577. ; 46, s. 394-404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMS: The skeletal muscle anabolic effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) appear favoured towards women; a property that could be exploited in older women who typically exhibit poor muscle growth responses to resistance exercise training (RET). Here we sought to generate novel insights into the efficacy and mechanisms of n-3 PUFA alongside short-term RET in older women.METHODS: We recruited 16 healthy older women (Placebo n = 8 (PLA): 67±1y, n-3 PUFA n = 8: 64±1y) to a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial (n-3 PUFA; 3680 mg/day versus PLA) of 6 weeks fully-supervised progressive unilateral RET (i.e. 6 × 8 reps, 75% 1-RM, 3/wk-1). Strength was assessed by knee extensor 1-RM and isokinetic dynamometry ∼ every 10 d. Thigh fat free mass (TFFM) was measured by DXA at 0/3/6 weeks. Bilateral vastus lateralis (VL) biopsies at 0/2/4/6 weeks with deuterium oxide (D2O) dosing were used to determine MPS responses for 0-2 and 4-6 weeks. Further, fibre cross sectional area (CSA), myonuclei number and satellite cell (SC) number were assessed, alongside muscle anabolic/catabolic signalling via immunoblotting.RESULTS: RET increased 1-RM equally in the trained leg of both groups (+23 ± 5% n-3 PUFA vs. +25 ± 5% PLA (both P < 0.01)) with no significant increase in maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) (+10 ± 6% n-3 PUFA vs. +13 ± 5% PLA). Only the n-3 PUFA group increased TFFM (3774 ± 158 g to 3961 ± 151 g n-3 PUFA (P < 0.05) vs. 3406 ± 201 g to 3561 ± 170 PLA) and type II fibre CSA (3097 ± 339 μm2 to 4329 ± 264 μm2 n-3 PUFA (P < 0.05) vs. 2520 ± 316 μm2 to 3467 ± 303 μm2 in PL) with RET. Myonuclei number increased equally in n-3 PUFA and PLA in both type I and type II fibres, with no change in SC number. N-3 PUFA had no added benefit on muscle protein synthesis (MPS), however, during weeks 4-6 of RET, absolute synthesis rates (ASR) displayed a trend to increase with n-3 PUFA only (5.6 ± 0.3 g d-1 to 7.1 ± 0.5 g d-1 n-3 PUFA (P = 0.09) vs. 5.5 ± 0.5 g d-1 to 6.5 ± 0.5 g d-1 PLA). Further, the n-3 PUFA group displayed greater 4EBP1 activation after acute RE at 6 weeks.CONCLUSION: n3-PUFA enhanced RET gains in muscle mass through type II fibre hypertrophy, with data suggesting a role for MPS rather than via SC recruitment. As such, the present study adds to a literature base illustrating the apparent enhancement of muscle hypertrophy with RET in older women fed adjuvant n3-PUFA.
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| 4. |
- Fuglesang, Christer, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Relative nuclear abundances, LET and dose rates at various locations and configurations in ISS from the ALTCRISS experiment
- 2013
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Ingår i: 64th International Astronautical Congress.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Over the years many devices, using different technologies and various locations, have been used - and are still in use - on the International Space Station, ISS, to measure and map the radiation and cosmic particle flux which astronauts as well as sensitive electronics are exposed to. This presentation presents recent analyses and results from the SilEye-3/Alteino detector during the ESA-sponsored project ALTCRISS. Comparisons are made with data from other experiments, such as ALTEA and PADLES. Alteino is a Si-strip detector, developed from the two SilEye detectors that were operated on Mir, in particular for studies of the Light Flash phenomena. Alteino was used at several locations, and orientations, in the Russian segment of ISS from late 2005 through 2007. Many of the data sets were obtained with a shielding of 5 g/cm2 polyethylene in front of the detector. Data on nuclei from C to Fe in the energy range above ≃ 60 MeV/n show an increase in relative abundance for odd Z inside ISS compared to the outside, due to fragmentation in the hull. Fluxes and relative abundances vary with location and shielding, where the material of the station itself plays a major role. The difference in flux can be as much as 50%. LET spectra - which are not restricted to single particle events - show similar tendencies, though when converted to equivalent dose rates the effect of the polyethylene is somewhat pronounced. Comparison with ALTEA data shows slightly higher dose rates for Alteino in the Russian segment, which can be expected due to that ALTEA operated in the US lab Destiny with more station material around it. As expected, the response of CR39 in terms of equivalent dose rate is higher than Alteino, due to the smaller acceptance energy range of the latter.
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| 5. |
- Larsson, Oscar, et al.
(författare)
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Relative nuclear abundance from C to Fe and integrated flux inside the Russian part of the ISS with the Sileye-3/Alteino experiment
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics G. - : IOP Publishing. - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 41:1, s. 015202-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work we present data from the Sileye-3/Alteino detector on board the International Space Station (ISS), which was gathered following a recalibration after several years in orbit. We also measure the relative nuclei abundance and integrated flux, which were normalized to the solar modulation values of August 2007. The measurements were made at different locations of the Russian part of the ISS. The relative nuclear abundances of C to Fe in relation to C, in an energy range above similar or equal to 60 MeV/n, shows high levels of odd Z particles inside the ISS and an under-abundance of C and O compared with the galactic spectrum, as presented by Simpson in 1983. In addition, the values of the integrated flux varies primarily according to location and detector orientation. An additional polyethylene shield also reduces the flux, although in a lower amount than changes in the orientation of the telescope. Data were taken as part of the ESA ALTCRISS project from late 2005 through to 2007.
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| 6. |
- Bauer, Juergen M., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of a Vitamin D and Leucine-Enriched Whey Protein Nutritional Supplement on Measures of Sarcopenia in Older Adults, the PROVIDE Study : A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. - : Elsevier BV. - 1525-8610 .- 1538-9375. ; 16:9, s. 740-747
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Age-related losses of muscle mass, strength, and function (sarcopenia) pose significant threats to physical performance, independence, and quality of life. Nutritional supplementation could positively influence aspects of sarcopenia and thereby prevent mobility disability. Objective: To test the hypothesis that a specific oral nutritional supplement can result in improvements in measures of sarcopenia. Design: A multicenter, randomized, controlled, double-blind, 2 parallel-group trial among 380 sarcopenic primarily independent-living older adults with Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB; 0-12) scores between 4 and 9, and a low skeletal muscle mass index. The active group (n = 184) received a vitamin D and leucine-enriched whey protein nutritional supplement to consume twice daily for 13 weeks. The control group (n = 196) received an iso-caloric control product to consume twice daily for 13 weeks. Primary outcomes of handgrip strength and SPPB score, and secondary outcomes of chair-stand test, gait speed, balance score, and appendicular muscle mass (by DXA) were measured at baseline, week 7, and week 13 of the intervention. Results: Handgrip strength and SPPB improved in both groups without significant between-group differences. The active group improved more in the chair-stand test compared with the control group, between-group effect (95% confidence interval): -1.01 seconds (-1.77 to -0.19), P = .018. The active group gained more appendicular muscle mass than the control group, between-group effect: 0.17 kg (0.004-0.338), P = .045. Conclusions: This 13-week intervention of a vitamin D and leucine-enriched whey protein oral nutritional supplement resulted in improvements in muscle mass and lower-extremity function among sarcopenic older adults. This study shows proof-of-principle that specific nutritional supplementation alone might benefit geriatric patients, especially relevant for those who are unable to exercise. These results warrant further investigations into the role of a specific nutritional supplement as part of a multimodal approach to prevent adverse outcomes among older adults at risk for disability.
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| 7. |
- Di Fino, L., et al.
(författare)
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ALTEA data handling
- 2006
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Ingår i: SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: FLIGHT MEASUREMENTS, CALIBRATION OF DETECTORS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MODELS FOR RADIATION ANALYSIS. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. ; , s. 1710-1715
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ALTEA program is an international and multi-disciplinary collaboration aimed at studying particle radiation in space environment and its effects on astronauts, in particular the anomalous perception of Light Flashes. This paper describes ALTEA space facility scheduled to fly in the International Space Station (ISS) after July 2006, what kind of data are produced and how data are transmitted to Earth, processed and analyzed.
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| 8. |
- Larsson, Oscar, et al.
(författare)
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Measurements of heavy-ion anisotropy and dose rates in the Russian section of the International Space Station with the Sileye-3/Alteino detector
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics G. - : IOP Publishing. - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 42:2, s. 025002-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work we present data on linear energy transfer (LET), dose and dose equivalent rates from different locations of the Russian part of the International Space Station (ISS) measured by the Sileye-3/Alteino detector. Data were taken as part of the ESA ALTCRISS project from late 2005 through 2007. The LET rate data shows a heavy-ion (LET > 50 keV/mu m) anisotropy. From the heavy-ion LET rate in the Zvezda service module we find ISS (y) over cap (Starboard) and (z) over cap (Nadir) to be about 10-15 times higher than in (x) over cap (Forward). The situation is similar for dose and dose equivalent rates, ranging from 25-40 mu Gy d(-1) in (x) over cap to about 75 mu Gy d(-1) in (z) over cap, whereas for the dose equivalent the rate peaks in (y) over cap with around 470 mu Sv d(-1). The heavy-ion anisotropy confirms what has been reported by the ALTEA collaboration. Measurements using two sets of passive detectors, DLR-TLDs and PADLES (TLD+CR-39), have also been performed in conjunction with Alteino measurements, both shielded and unshielded. The passive detectors register a dose rate about 3-5 times as high as Alteino, 260-280 mu Gy d(-1) for PADLES and 200-260 mu Gy d(-1) for DLR-TLDs. For the dose equivalent PADLES measurements ranges from 560-740 mu Sv d(-1).
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| 9. |
- Narici, L., et al.
(författare)
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Iron flux inside the International Space Station is measured to be lower than predicted
- 2012
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Ingår i: Radiation Measurements. - : Elsevier BV. - 1350-4487 .- 1879-0925. ; 47:10, s. 1030-1034
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Iron abundance in cosmic rays impinging on astronauts in space habitats is of paramount importance when calculating the radiation risk for human space exploration. The concurrent high relative abundance of iron in Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) and iron ability to produce damages at cellular and molecular levels, together with recent radiobiology results suggests iron as a major candidate to be studied in order to produce accurate radiation hazard assessments. Iron may be in fact responsible for a large percentage of cancer risk during a long interplanetary voyage, and therefore deserves a specific attention. We built a simple model based on CREME96 for the radiation in the International Space Station (ISS) and tested it against recently performed measurements with the ALTEA and Alteino particle detectors. While we can report a good agreement between 50m and 250 keV/μm (very good for several peaks such as Si, Mg, S) we show an overestimation by this model of iron abundances of about 25-80% when compared to the measurements. New analysis on previously published work, supporting this result, are also reported. Reasons for this overestimation are discussed, they are likely to be related to the not detailed enough transport through the multiplicity of the ISS shielding and to the often used simplification of "aluminum equivalent shielding". The iron sources in LEO, possibly not yet accurate enough when transported in Low Earth Orbit, can also play a role. New concurrent measurements (inside-outside the ISS) are suggested to help resolving this issue.
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| 10. |
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