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- Bergland, A, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the feasibility and intercorrelation of measurements on the functioning of residents living in Scandinavian nursing homes.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physical & Occupational Therapy in Geriatrics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0270-3181 .- 1541-3152. ; 28:2, s. 154-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of measurements of muscle strength, balance, cognitive function, mobility, activities of daily living (ADL), and physical activity for use in a Scandinavian nursing home population and to examine intercorrelations between these measurements. Method The design was cross-sectional and 322 residents’ functions were evaluated by grip strength, the Timed Chair Stand Test, Berg’s Balance Scale, Falls Efficacy Scale, Swedish version of Mini-Mental State Examination, 10-m walking and wheelchair propulsion at self-selected and maximum speed, functional independence measure, physiotherapy clinical outcome variables, and the Nursing Home Life Space Diameter. Results The mean age of the group was 85 years. Sixty-four percent were able to walk with or without walking aids, and 59% were able to rise independently from chair once. The level of participation in the tests was 70% or more, except for the 10-m walking/wheeling test and the Timed Chair Stand Test. No floor or ceiling effect was discovered. The significant correlation coefficients between different measurements of muscle strength, balance, cognitive function, mobility, ADL, and physical activity range from 0.14 to 0.90. Conclusion The instruments seem to be feasible for residents in Scandinavian nursing homes, and the residents appear to be a heterogeneous group with respect to functioning, mostly at low level.
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- McCallum, Fiona J., et al.
(författare)
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Differing rates of antibody acquisition to merozoite antigens in malaria : Implications for immunity and surveillance
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Leukocyte Biology. - 0741-5400 .- 1938-3673. ; 101:4, s. 913-925
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibodies play a key role in acquired human immunity to Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria and target merozoites to reduce or prevent blood-stage replication and the development of disease. Merozoites present a complex array of antigens to the immune system, and currently, there is only a partial understanding of the targets of protective antibodies and how responses to different antigens are acquired and boosted. We hypothesized that there would be differences in the rate of acquisition of antibodies to different antigens and how well they are boosted by infection, which impacts the acquisition of immunity. We examined responses to a range of merozoite antigens in 2 different cohorts of children and adults with different age structures and levels of malaria exposure. Overall, antibodies were associated with age, exposure, and active infection, and the repertoire of responses increased with age and active infection. However, rates of antibody acquisition varied between antigens and different regions within an antigen following exposure to malaria, supporting our hypothesis. Antigen-specific responses could be broadly classified into early response types in which antibodies were acquired early in childhood exposure and late response types that appear to require substantially more exposure for the development of substantial levels. We identified antigen-specific responses that were effectively boosted after recent infection, whereas other responses were not. These findings advance our understanding of the acquisition of human immunity to malaria and are relevant to the development of malaria vaccines targeting merozoite antigens and the selection of antigens for use in malaria surveillance.
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