| 1. |
- Aad, G, et al.
(författare)
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- 2015
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
- Mishra, A, et al.
(författare)
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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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| 4. |
- Bafekry, A., et al.
(författare)
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Theoretical prediction of two-dimensional BC2X (X = N, P, As) monolayers: ab initio investigations
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, novel two-dimensional BC2X (X = N, P, As) monolayers with X atoms out of the B-C plane, are predicted by means of the density functional theory. The structural, electronic, optical, photocatalytic and thermoelectric properties of the BC2X monolayers have been investigated. Stability evaluation of the BC2X single-layers is carried out by phonon dispersion, ab-initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulation, elastic stability, and cohesive energies study. The mechanical properties reveal all monolayers considered are stable and have brittle nature. The band structure calculations using the HSE06 functional reveal that the BC2N, BC2P and BC2As are semiconducting monolayers with indirect bandgaps of 2.68 eV, 1.77 eV and 1.21 eV, respectively. The absorption spectra demonstrate large absorption coefficients of the BC2X monolayers in the ultraviolet range of electromagnetic spectrum. Furthermore, we disclose the BC2N and BC2P monolayers are potentially good candidates for photocatalytic water splitting. The electrical conductivity of BC2X is very small and slightly increases by raising the temperature. Electron doping may yield greater electric productivity of the studied monolayers than hole doping, as indicated by the larger power factor in the n-doped region compared to the p-type region. These results suggest that BC2X (X = N, P, As) monolayers represent a new promising class of 2DMs for electronic, optical and energy conversion systems.
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| 5. |
- Naseri, Narges, et al.
(författare)
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IPN Hydrogels Based on Nanocellulose for Soft Tissue Engineering
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In tissue engineering, development of materials, which positively interact with tissues, is very important.1 In this regard, hydrogels composed of three-dimensional polymeric networks, have become more attractive materials due to their ability to absorb high water content and swells without losing their structural integrity.2 Furthermore, hydrogels need to provide physico-mechanical support for cell growth, proliferation and new tissue formation.3 However, their low mechanical properties have found one drawback4 and therefore in this study, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCBE) isolated from bioethanol residue were used as reinforcement or functional additive. The objective of this work was to develop double-crosslinked Interpenetrating Polymeric Networks (IPNs) of nanocellulose-based hydrogels on alginate and gelatin and investigate the effect of IPN processing route on physico-chemical properties of the produced hydrogels as well as their potential in soft tissue engineering. Fully bio-based porous IPN scaffolds were processed through two freeze-drying steps and crosslinked using calcium chloride and genipin. The second freeze-drying was performed to induce more pores in the structure. The morphology studies showed highly porous structure (90-97% porosity), which is beneficial for cell attachment and growth, but resulted in lower mechanical performances under compression. Addition of CNCBE and crosslinking decreased the moisture uptake while increased the compression modulus. Furthermore, the development of extracellular matrix (ECM) is expected to improve the mechanical performances after implantation.AcknowledgementsFinancial support from VINNOVA (No. 2011-02071) under MNT-ERANET project, n-POSSCOG is acknowledged. References1. Silva, S. S.; Motta, A.; Rodrigues, M. T.; Pinheiro, A. F.; Gomes, M. E.; Mano, J. F.; Reis, R. L.; Migliaresi, C. Biomacromolecules 2008, 9, 2764-2774.2. Dragan, E. S.; Perju, M. M.; Dinu, M. V. Carbohydr. Polym. 2012, 88, 270-281.3. Drury, J. L.; Mooney, D. J. Biomaterials 2003, 24, 4337-4351.4. Matricardi, P.; Di Meo, C.; Coviello, T.; Hennink, W. E.; Alhaique, F. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2013, 65, 1172-1187.
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| 6. |
- Oudbashi, Omid, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Technical Studies on the Bronze Age Metal Artefacts from the Graveyard of Deh Dumen, South-Western Iran (Third Millennium BC)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Archaeometry. - : Wiley. - 0003-813X .- 1475-4754. ; 58:6, s. 947-965
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the excavations of the graveyard at the site of Deh Dumen in south-western Iran, 15 graves from the Early/Middle Bronze Age were uncovered that contained a variety of metallic artefacts. This paper reports on the analysis of nine metal artefacts, including eight broken vessels and a decorative strip that covered the handle of a dagger. The ICP–MS results showed that the bodies of the vessels are made of tin bronze alloy with variable amounts of tin, while the internal piece of the base of one vessel is made from an arsenical copper alloy. Further, the metallic strip is a thin sheet manufactured with partially pure silver. Microanalytical and microstructural information yielded by SEM–EDS revealed elongated Cu–S inclusions and lead globules as various phases formed in bronze solid solution. This study presents some information about the transition from arsenical copper to bronze metallurgy in the third millennium bc in south-western Iran.
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