| 1. |
- Fitzmauric, C., et al.
(författare)
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Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived with Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years for 29 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2017 : A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: JAMA Oncology. - : American Medical Association. - 2374-2437 .- 2374-2445. ; 5:12, s. 1749-1768
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data.Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning.Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence.Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs).Conclusions and Relevance: The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer care.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Hammarsjo, A, et al.
(författare)
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Novel KIAA0753 mutations extend the phenotype of skeletal ciliopathies
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 7:1, s. 15585-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The skeletal ciliopathies are a heterogeneous group of disorders with a significant clinical and genetic variability and the main clinical features are thoracic hypoplasia and short tubular bones. To date, 25 genes have been identified in association with skeletal ciliopathies. Mutations in the KIAA0753 gene have recently been associated with Joubert syndrome (JBTS) and orofaciodigital (OFD) syndrome. We report biallelic pathogenic variants in KIAA0753 in four patients with short-rib type skeletal dysplasia. The manifestations in our patients are variable and ranging from fetal lethal to viable and moderate skeletal dysplasia with narrow thorax and abnormal metaphyses. We demonstrate that KIAA0753 is expressed in normal fetal human growth plate and show that the affected fetus, with a compound heterozygous frameshift and a nonsense mutation in KIAA0753, has an abnormal proliferative zone and a broad hypertrophic zone. The importance of KIAA0753 for normal skeletal development is further confirmed by our findings that zebrafish embryos homozygous for a nonsense mutation in kiaa0753 display altered cartilage patterning.
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| 5. |
- Sadrizadeh, Sasan, et al.
(författare)
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Indoor air quality and health in schools : A critical review for developing the roadmap for the future school environment
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Building Engineering. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2352-7102. ; 57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several research studies have ranked indoor pollution among the top environmental risks to public health in recent years. Good indoor air quality is an essential component of a healthy indoor environment and significantly affects human health and well-being. Poor air quality in such environments may cause respiratory disease for millions of pupils around the globe and, in the current pandemic-dominated era, require ever more urgent actions to tackle the burden of its impacts. The poor indoor quality in such environments could result from poor management, operation, maintenance, and cleaning. Pupils are a different segment of the population from adults in many ways, and they are more exposed to the poor indoor environment: They breathe in more air per unit weight and are more sensitive to heat/cold and moisture. Thus, their vulnerability is higher than adults, and poor conditions may affect proper development. However, a healthy learning environment can reduce the absence rate, improves test scores, and enhances pupil/teacher learning/teaching productivity. In this article, we analyzed recent literature on indoor air quality and health in schools, with the primary focus on ventilation, thermal comfort, productivity, and exposure risk. This study conducts a comprehensive review to summarizes the existing knowledge to highlight the latest research and solutions and proposes a roadmap for the future school environment. In conclusion, we summarize the critical limitations of the existing studies, reveal insights for future research directions, and propose a roadmap for further improvements in school air quality. More parameters and specific data should be obtained from in-site measurements to get a more in-depth understanding at contaminant characteristics. Meanwhile, site-specific strategies for different school locations, such as proximity to transportation routes and industrial areas, should be developed to suit the characteristics of schools in different regions. The socio-economic consequences of health and performance effects on children in classrooms should be considered. There is a great need for more comprehensive studies with larger sample sizes to study on environmental health exposure, student performance, and indoor satisfaction. More complex mitigation measures should be evaluated by considering energy efficiency, IAQ and health effects.
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| 7. |
- Bezenjani, R. Nasiri, et al.
(författare)
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Detrital zircon geochronology and provenance of the Neoproterozoic Hammamat Group (Igla Basin), Egypt and the Thalbah Group, NW Saudi Arabia : Implications for regional collision tectonics
- 2014
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Ingår i: Precambrian Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-9268 .- 1872-7433. ; 245, s. 225-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Detrital zircon U-Pb SIMS dating is used to evaluate the provenance of two correlative basins in the Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS). The Wadi Igla Formation in the Central Eastern Desert (CED) of Egypt and the Thalbah Group in the Midyan Terrane (MT) of NW Saudi Arabia are considered to be post-amalgamation terrestrial basins, developed during closure of the Mozambique Ocean and amalgamation of the ANS in Cryogenian-early Ediacaran time. The analytical results indicate that the upper-part of the Wadi Igla Formation has a maximum depositional age of 628 +/- 6 Ma, contains 98% Neoproterozoic zircon with ages between 815 and 628 Ma, and has two distinct peaks at 690 Ma and 652 Ma. A rhyolite clast from the upper-part of the Wadi Igla Formation gives a U-Pb age of 700 +/- 6 Ma. This age significantly predates Dokhan volcanism, indicating that the dominant rhyolitic clasts within the Wadi Igla Formation are not from the Dokhan Volcanics, as previously believed. Analytical results from the Thalbah Group suggest multiphase basin formation and development. The lower part of the Thalbah Group is intruded by monzogranites of the Liban complex, has a minimum depositional age of 635 +/- 5 Ma, resembling that of the Wadi Igla Formation. Its middle part has a maximum age of 612 +/- 7 Ma and is comprised of 90% Neoproterozoic zircon with ages ranging from 820 to 612 Ma. The upper part of the Thalbah Group has a maximum age of 596 +/- 10 Ma and contains a wider range of Neoproterozoic detritus with ages between 985 and 596 Ma. The basement of the Thalbah Group is represented by metasediments and metavolcanics of the Zaam Group. The sample collected from the uppermost part of the Zaam Group (Um Ashsh Formation) contains zircon of mostly Cryogenian age (ca. 812-697 Ma) and has a maximum age of 700 +/- 4 Ma, suggesting that the Zaam Group might be correlative with the subduction-related metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks that are overlain unconformably by the Wadi Igla Formation in the CED. The Wadi Igla basin and the lower and middle parts of the Thalbah basin have similar provenance, record a Cryogenian-early Ediacaran age, and represent syn-subduction (rather than post-amalgamation) basins. The upper part of the Thalbah Group, in contrast, has a distinct provenance representing an Ediacaran syn-collisional basin. The narrow age range of the Wadi Igla Formation and the lower and middle parts of the Thalbah Group indicates a restricted source from the CED and MT island arc basement, whereas the wide age range for the upper part of the Thalbah Group indicates a contribution from other parts of the ANS. The sediment sources and the age patterns of detrital zircons change abruptly at ca. 596 Ma. This may coincide with the onset of collision of the CED and MT basements with the older Hijaz-Gebeit terrane (850-680 Ma) to the south along the Yanbu-Onib-Sol Hamed-Gerf-Allaqi-Heiani (YOSHGAH) suture in the ANS during the East African Orogeny.
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| 8. |
- Chelgani, Saeed Chehreh, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling industrial hydrocyclone operational variables by SHAP-CatBoost - A "conscious lab" approach
- 2023
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Ingår i: Powder Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0032-5910 .- 1873-328X. ; 420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Undoubtedly hydrocyclones play a critical role in powder technology, which can considerably affect the plants' process efficiency. However, hydrocyclones were rarely modeled on an industrial scale, where a model can be used to train operators and minimize potential scale-up errors and lab costs. The novel approach for filling such a gap would be using conscious lab "CL" as a new concept that builds based on an industrial dataset and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). As a novel approach, this study developed a CL and explored the interactions between hydrocyclone variables by the most recent XAI method called "SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP)", and a novel machine-learning model, "CatBoost". The hydrocyclone output and the particle size of the plant magnetic separator were modeled by SHAP-CatBoost. SHAP could successfully model all the relationships, and CatBoost could predict the O80 and K80, where outcomes had a higher accuracy (R2 similar to 0.90) than other conventional AIs.
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| 9. |
- Emadi, M. J., et al.
(författare)
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Multi-layer Gelfand-Pinsker strategies for the generalized multiple-access channel
- 2013
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Ingår i: 2013 Iran Workshop on Communication and Information Theory, IWCIT 2013. - 9781467350235 ; , s. 6555750-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study a two-user state-dependent generalized multiple-access channel (GMAC) with correlated states. It is assumed that each encoder noncausally knows partial channel state information. We develop an achievable rate region by employing rate-splitting, block Markov encoding, Gelfand-Pinsker multicoding, superposition coding and jointly typical decoding. In the proposed scheme, the encoders use a partial decoding strategy to collaborate in the next block, and the receiver uses a backward decoding strategy with a joint unique decoding at each stage. Our achievable rate region includes several previously known rate regions proposed in the literature for different scenarios of multiple-access and relay channels. We finally consider a Gaussian GMAC with an additive interference which is known noncausally at both of the encoders and construct a multi-layer Costa precoding scheme that removes completely the effect of the interference.
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| 10. |
- Emadi, M. J., et al.
(författare)
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On the achievable rate region of a state-dependent MAC with cooperating encoders
- 2012
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Ingår i: 2012 Swedish Communication Technologies Workshop, Swe-CTW 2012. - : IEEE. - 9781467347631 ; , s. 48-52
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The two-user discrete memoryless state-dependent multiple-access channel with cooperating encoders is considered. It is assumed that the channel is controlled with two independent states such that each of the channel state information is noncausally available at one encoder. Moreover, based on the intrinsic characteristic of wireless networks, it is assumed that each encoder strictly causally receive a noisy version of the transmitted signal of the other encoder. Hence, the encoders can cooperate in transmitting the message to the receiver. An achievable rate region for the channel is derived by use of rate splitting, block Markov encoding and Gelfand-Pinsker multilevel encoding along with partial decoding at the encoders and backward decoding at the receiver. Finally, for a Gaussian channel model the proposed achievable rate region is evaluated and discussed.
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