| 1. |
- Van Bockstal, MR, et al.
(författare)
-
Interobserver Agreement of PD-L1/SP142 Immunohistochemistry and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) in Distant Metastases of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Proof-of-Concept Study. A Report on Behalf of the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Cancers. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6694. ; 13:19
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) benefit from treatment with atezolizumab, provided that the tumor contains ≥1% of PD-L1/SP142-positive immune cells. Numbers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) vary strongly according to the anatomic localization of TNBC metastases. We investigated inter-pathologist agreement in the assessment of PD-L1/SP142 immunohistochemistry and TILs. Ten pathologists evaluated PD-L1/SP142 expression in a proficiency test comprising 28 primary TNBCs, as well as PD-L1/SP142 expression and levels of TILs in 49 distant TNBC metastases with various localizations. Interobserver agreement for PD-L1 status (positive vs. negative) was high in the proficiency test: the corresponding scores as percentages showed good agreement with the consensus diagnosis. In TNBC metastases, there was substantial variability in PD-L1 status at the individual patient level. For one in five patients, the chance of treatment was essentially random, with half of the pathologists designating them as positive and half negative. Assessment of PD-L1/SP142 and TILs as percentages in TNBC metastases showed poor and moderate agreement, respectively. Additional training for metastatic TNBC is required to enhance interobserver agreement. Such training, focusing on metastatic specimens, seems worthwhile, since the same pathologists obtained high percentages of concordance (ranging from 93% to 100%) on the PD-L1 status of primary TNBCs.
|
|
| 2. |
- Avolio, G., et al.
(författare)
-
Identification technique of FET model based on vector nonlinear measurements
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Electronics Letters. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1350-911X .- 0013-5194. ; 47:24, s. 1323-U37
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new modelling approach which exploits only vector nonlinear measurements is described. The parameters of the I-V and Q-V nonlinear constitutive functions are identified by combining low-and high-frequency large-signal measurements with a numerical optimisation routine. Low-frequency dispersion manifesting in the I-V characteristics is also correctly accounted for. As a case study a gallium nitride HEMT on silicon carbide substrate is considered and very good agreement between measurements and simulation is achieved.
|
|
| 3. |
- Avolio, G., et al.
(författare)
-
Waveforms-based large-signal identification of transistor models
- 2012
-
Ingår i: IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest. - 0149-645X. - 9781467310871
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurements of low-and high-frequency vector-calibrated large-signal waveforms are exploited in this work to identify the parameters of a FET nonlinear model. The I DS nonlinear current source and the nonlinear charge sources' parameters are respectively determined from a small set of low-(2 MHz) and high-frequency (8 GHz) load-pull measurements by using a least square numerical optimization. Under low-frequency operation the contribution of the charge sources and any other reactive element can be neglected. In this way the identification of the IDS parameters is more accurate while remarkably speeding up the optimization routine as well. The proposed procedure is quite general and can be applied to different types of active devices. As case study, a 0.25-μm GaAs pHEMT is considered and the extracted model is validated under conditions different than the ones exploited within the identification step. A very good agreement between model predictions and experimental data is achieved.
|
|
| 4. |
- Medina, M. A.Yarleque, et al.
(författare)
-
Doherty amplifier design for 3.5 GHz WiMAX considering load line and loop stability
- 2008
-
Ingår i: 2008 European Microwave Integrated Circuit Conference, EuMIC 2008; Amsterdam; Netherlands; 27 October 2008 through 31 October 2008. - 9782874870071 ; , s. 1549-1552
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Legacy Doherty amplifier is characterized by using a larger transistor for the peak amplifier such that this reaches saturation with a smaller excitation signal. However due to device availability and modelling considerations, this is not often feasible. In this paper, the design and measurement of a Doherty amplifier utilizing only single sized device is realized. Unlike previous research works, intrinsic load line is utilized to tune the offset lines, as well as to verify the actual dynamic load principle. Stability aspects are covered for this type of amplifier, which are not normally included in earlier works. Finally an assessment of its applicability and benefits for WiMAX at 3.5 GHz is realized using a class AB amplifier as a comparison basis.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
