| 1. |
- Alissandrakis, Aris, et al.
(författare)
-
Helping Robots Imitate : Metrics And Computational Solutions Inspired By Human-Robot Interaction Studies
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Advances in Cognitive Systems. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology. - 9781849190756 ; , s. 127-167
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this chapter we describe three lines of research related to the issue of helping robots imitate people. These studies are based on observed human be- haviour, technical metrics and implemented technical solutions. The three lines of research are: (a) a number of user studies that show how humans naturally tend to demonstrate a task for a robot to learn, (b) a formal approach to tackle the problem of what a robot should imitate, and (c) a technology-driven conceptual framework and technique, inspired by social learning theories, that addresses how a robot can be taught. In this merging exercise we will try to propose a way through this prob- lem space, towards the design of a Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) system able to be taught by humans via demonstration.
|
|
| 2. |
- Davis, Megan, et al.
(författare)
-
Creating a software to promote understanding about narrative in children with autism : Reflecting on the design of feedback and opportunities to reason
- 2007
-
Ingår i: IEEE 6th International Conference on Development and Learning, 2007. ICDL 2007.. - : IEEE conference proceedings. ; , s. 64-69
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- TouchStory is a software game that aims at improving the understanding of narrative by children withautism. In fact, the underlying conceptual framework intends to investigate to what extent we can improve the children's understanding of narrative through the introduction of simple game-like tasks that address primitive components of narrative. The game has strong analogies with the concrete, physical world. Our design approach, following our knowledge regarding this particular group of learners, was to'keep things simple', introducing features only if necessary to provide each individual child with a focussed and enjoyable game, from which that particular child may learn about, or absorb, (or become more familiar with) primitive components of narrative. In this paper we concentrate on issues of reward, feedback, and opportunities for reasoning (about the task and/or their own performance) provided bysoftware. We present results from the first 7 visits of an ongoing longitudinal study involving 6 childreneach with a diagnosis of autism. We consider the children's apparent engagement with TouchStory, and in particular, we focus on the strategy each child adopts and consequent feedback from the software. This analysis prompted us to further reflect on the specificities of this group of children and the challenges to create supportive learning environments.
|
|
| 3. |
- Konkoli, Zoran, 1966, et al.
(författare)
-
Philosophy of computation
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Natural Computing Series. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1619-7127. ; , s. 153-184
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Unconventional computation emerged as a response to a series of technological and societal challenges. The main source of these challenges is the expected collapse of Moore’s law. It is very likely that the existing trend of building faster digital information processing machines will come to an end. This chapter provides a broad philosophical discussion of what might be needed to construct a theoretical machinery that could be used to understand the obstacles and identify the alternative designs. The key issue that has been addressed is simple to formulate: given a physical system, what can it compute? There is an enormous conceptual depth to this question and some specific aspects are systematically discussed. The discussion covers digital philosophy of computation, two reasons why rocks cannot be used for computation are given, a new depth to the ontology of number, and the ensemble computation inspired by recent understanding of the computing ability of living cell aggregates.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Lowe, Robert, et al.
(författare)
-
The degree of potential damage in agonistic contests and its effects on social aggression, territoriality and display evolution
- 2005
-
Ingår i: The 2005 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation IEEE CEC 2005. - New York : IEEE conference proceedings. - 0780393635 ; , s. 351-358
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The potential for animals to inflict damage on one another whilst competing for indivisible resources is a factor of crucial importance when determining pay-offs to such animals and consequent likelihood of adopting an aggressive resource procurement strategy, a less costly display-based alternative or just a retreat response. Using computer simulations of evolving agents, we assessed the effects of degree of damage potential on social aggression and resource procuring strategies. Furthermore, we assessed the effects of evolving ritualized displays used in contests over resources relative to damage potential. Our results showed that aggressive interactions increased in frequency when the degree of damage potential was low. Ritualized displays tended to reduce aggressive approaches and mortality rate where damage potential was high and low but this was not the case at the intermediate level where aggression and mortality rate increased.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Otero, Nuno, et al.
(författare)
-
Distribution and Recognition of Gestures in Human-Robot Interaction
- 2006
-
Ingår i: The 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, 2006. ROMAN 2006.. - : IEEE conference proceedings. ; , s. 103-110
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an approach for human activity recognition focusing on gestures in a teaching scenario, together with the setup and results of user studies on human gestures exhibited in unconstrained human-robot interaction (HRI). The user studies analyze several aspects: the distribution of gestures, relations, and characteristics of these gestures, and the acceptability of different gesture types in a human-robot teaching scenario. The results are then evaluated with regard to the activity recognition approach. The main effort is to bridge the gap between human activity recognition methods on the one hand and naturally occuring or at least acceptable gestures for HRI on the other. The goal is two-fold: to provide recognition methods with information and requirements on the characteristics and features of human activities in HRI, and to identify human preferences and requirements for the recognition of gestures in human-robot teaching scenarios
|
|
| 8. |
- Otero, Nuno, et al.
(författare)
-
Human to Robot Demonstrations of Routine Home Tasks : Exploring the Role of the Robot’s Feedback
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2008 3rd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). - : IEEE conference proceedings. ; , s. 177-184
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we explore some conceptual issues, relevant for the design of robotic systems aimed at interacting with humans in domestic environments. More specifically, we study the role of the robot's feedback (positive or negative acknowledgment of understanding) on a human teacher's demonstration of a routine home task (laying a table). Both the human and the system's perspectives are considered in the analysis and discussion of results from a human-robot user study, highlighting some important conceptual and practical issues. These include the lack of explicitness and consistency on people's demonstration strategies. Furthermore, we discuss the need to investigate design strategies to elicit people's knowledge about the task and also successfully advertize the robot's abilities in order to promote people's ability to provide appropriate demonstrations.
|
|
| 9. |
- Otero, Nuno, et al.
(författare)
-
Naturally Occurring Gestures in a Human-Robot Teaching Scenario
- 2006
-
Ingår i: The 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, 2006. ROMAN 2006.. - : IEEE conference proceedings. ; , s. 533-540
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes our general framework for the investigation of how human gestures can be used to facilitate the interaction and communication between humans and robots. More specifically, a study was carried out to reveal which "naturally occurring" gestures can be observed in a scenario where users had to explain to a robot how to perform a specific home task. The study followed a within-subjects design where ten participants had to demonstrate how to lay a table for two people using two different methods for their explanation: utilizing only gestures or gestures and speech. The experiments also served to validate a new coding scheme for human gestures in human-robot interaction, with good inter-rater reliability. Moreover, annotated video corpus was produced and characteristics such as frequency, duration, and co-occurrence of the different gestural classes have been gathered in order to capture requirements for the designers of HRI systems. The results regarding the frequencies of the different gestural types suggest an interaction between the order of presentation of the two methods and the actual type of gestures produced. Moreover, the results also suggest that there might be an interaction between the type of task and the type of gestures produced
|
|
| 10. |
- Otero, Nuno, et al.
(författare)
-
Teaching robot companions : the role of scaffolding and event structuring
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Connection science (Print). - : Taylor & Francis. - 0954-0091 .- 1360-0494. ; 20:2-3, s. 111-134
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For robots to be more capable interaction partners they will necessarily need to adapt to the needs and requirements of their human companions. One way that the human could aid this adaptation may be by teaching the robot new ways of doing things by physically demonstrating different behaviours and tasks such that the robot learns new skills by imitating the learnt behaviours in appropriate contexts. In human–human teaching, the concept of scaffolding describes the process whereby the teacher guides the pupil to new competence levels by exploiting and extending existing competencies. In addition, the idea of event structuring can be used to describe how the teacher highlights important moments in an overall interaction episode. Scaffolding and event structuring robot skills in this way may be an attractive route in achieving robot adaptation; however, there are many ways in which a particular behaviour might be scaffolded or structured and the interaction process itself may have an effect on the robot's resulting performance. Our overall research goal is to understand how to design an appropriate human–robot interaction paradigm where the robot will be able to intervene and elicit knowledge from the human teacher in order to better understand the taught behaviour. In this article we examine some of these issues in two exploratory human–robot teaching scenarios. The first considers task structuring from the robot's viewpoint by varying the way in which a robot is taught. The experimental results illustrate that the way in which teaching is carried out, and primarily how the teaching steps are decomposed, has a critical effect on the efficiency of human teaching and the effectiveness of robot learning. The second experiment studies the problem from the human's viewpoint in an attempt to study the human teacher's spontaneous levels of event segmentation when analysing their own demonstrations of a routine home task to a robot. The results suggest the existence of some individual differences regarding the level of granularity spontaneously considered for the task segmentation and for those moments in the interaction which are viewed as most important.
|
|
