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| 2. |
- Lissek, T, et al.
(författare)
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Building Bridges through Science
- 2017
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Ingår i: Neuron. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-4199 .- 0896-6273. ; 96:4, s. 730-735
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Hodcroft, EB, et al.
(författare)
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Evolution, geographic spreading, and demographic distribution of Enterovirus D68
- 2022
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Ingår i: PLoS pathogens. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7374. ; 18:5, s. e1010515-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Worldwide outbreaks of enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) in 2014 and 2016 have caused serious respiratory and neurological disease. We collected samples from several European countries during the 2018 outbreak and determined 53 near full-length genome (‘whole genome’) sequences. These sequences were combined with 718 whole genome and 1,987 VP1-gene publicly available sequences. In 2018, circulating strains clustered into multiple subgroups in the B3 and A2 subclades, with different phylogenetic origins. Clusters in subclade B3 emerged from strains circulating primarily in the US and Europe in 2016, though some had deeper roots linking to Asian strains, while clusters in A2 traced back to strains detected in East Asia in 2015-2016. In 2018, all sequences from the USA formed a distinct subgroup, containing only three non-US samples. Alongside the varied origins of seasonal strains, we found that diversification of these variants begins up to 18 months prior to the first diagnostic detection during a EV-D68 season. EV-D68 displays strong signs of continuous antigenic evolution and all 2018 A2 strains had novel patterns in the putative neutralizing epitopes in the BC- and DE-loops. The pattern in the BC-loop of the USA B3 subgroup had not been detected on that continent before. Patients with EV-D68 in subclade A2 were significantly older than patients with a B3 subclade virus. In contrast to other subclades, the age distribution of A2 is distinctly bimodal and was found primarily among children and in the elderly. We hypothesize that EV-D68’s rapid evolution of surface proteins, extensive diversity, and high rate of geographic mixing could be explained by substantial reinfection of adults. Better understanding of evolution and immunity across diverse viral pathogens, including EV-D68 and SARS-CoV-2, is critical to pandemic preparedness in the future.
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| 4. |
- Andersen, Martin R., et al.
(författare)
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Side-Effects of Binaural Tone Vocoding on Recognising Target Speech Presented Against Spatially Separated Speech Maskers
- 2012
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Ingår i: Speech Perception and Auditory Disorders. - Speech perception and auditory disorders. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Audiological and Auditory Research (ISAAR), Denmark. ; , s. 103-110
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Previous experiments have indicated that monaural Temporal Fine Structure (mTFS) information aids Speech Reception. In these experiments mTFS was either kept or substituted using a tone-vocoder. Results showed that hearing-impaired (HI) subjects were not able to utilise mTFS information to the same degree as normal-hearing (NH) subjects. A first step towards a more ecological experiment would be to exploit the tone-vocoder paradigm in a simulated spatial setup, and measure binaural TFS (bTFS) benefit.However, by the introduction of a binaural tone-vocoder, a concern arose that not only will the original Interaural Time Difference (ITD) cues be removed, but artificial ITD cues pointing to a direction determined by the phase difference between the carriers of the two channels, will also be introduced.This experiment investigated this concern, by measuring speech reception for target speech presented against spatially separated speech maskers. 21 NH and 21 HI subjects were tested in a fixed spatial condition with either the artificial ITD pointing forward (0º azimuth) or ±50º. Furthermore, a third condition utilising a paradigm that did not make use of a tone-vocoder, was included.Results showed that the artificial ITD affected NH and HI listeners equally, favouring the source whose direction it was pointing towards.
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| 8. |
- Voets, T, et al.
(författare)
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Intracellular calcium dependence of large dense-core vesicle exocytosis in the absence of synaptotagmin I.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 98:20, s. 11680-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Synaptotagmin I is a synaptic vesicle-associated protein essential for synchronous neurotransmission. We investigated its impact on the intracellular Ca(2+)-dependence of large dense-core vesicle (LDCV) exocytosis by combining Ca(2+)-uncaging and membrane capacitance measurements in adrenal slices from mouse synaptotagmin I null mutants. Synaptotagmin I-deficient chromaffin cells displayed prolonged exocytic delays and slow, yet Ca(2+)-dependent fusion rates, resulting in strongly reduced LDCV release in response to short depolarizations. Vesicle recruitment, the shape of individual amperometric events, and endocytosis appeared unaffected. These findings demonstrate that synaptotagmin I is required for rapid, highly Ca(2+)-sensitive LDCV exocytosis and indicate that it regulates the equilibrium between a slowly releasable and a readily releasable state of the fusion machinery. Alternatively, synaptotagmin I could function as calcium sensor for the readily releasable pool, leading to the destabilization of the pool in its absence.
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