| 1. |
- Patel, Riyaz S., et al.
(author)
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Subsequent Event Risk in Individuals With Established Coronary Heart Disease : Design and Rationale of the GENIUS-CHD Consortium
- 2019
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In: Circulation. - 2574-8300. ; 12:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The Genetics of Subsequent Coronary Heart Disease (GENIUS-CHD) consortium was established to facilitate discovery and validation of genetic variants and biomarkers for risk of subsequent CHD events, in individuals with established CHD.METHODS: The consortium currently includes 57 studies from 18 countries, recruiting 185 614 participants with either acute coronary syndrome, stable CHD, or a mixture of both at baseline. All studies collected biological samples and followed-up study participants prospectively for subsequent events.RESULTS: Enrollment into the individual studies took place between 1985 to present day with a duration of follow-up ranging from 9 months to 15 years. Within each study, participants with CHD are predominantly of self-reported European descent (38%-100%), mostly male (44%-91%) with mean ages at recruitment ranging from 40 to 75 years. Initial feasibility analyses, using a federated analysis approach, yielded expected associations between age (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.14-1.16) per 5-year increase, male sex (hazard ratio, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.13-1.21) and smoking (hazard ratio, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.35-1.51) with risk of subsequent CHD death or myocardial infarction and differing associations with other individual and composite cardiovascular endpoints.CONCLUSIONS: GENIUS-CHD is a global collaboration seeking to elucidate genetic and nongenetic determinants of subsequent event risk in individuals with established CHD, to improve residual risk prediction and identify novel drug targets for secondary prevention. Initial analyses demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of a federated analysis approach. The consortium now plans to initiate and test novel hypotheses as well as supporting replication and validation analyses for other investigators.
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| 2. |
- Patel, Riyaz S., et al.
(author)
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Association of Chromosome 9p21 With Subsequent Coronary Heart Disease Events : A GENIUS-CHD Study of Individual Participant Data
- 2019
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In: Circulation. - 2574-8300. ; 12:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Genetic variation at chromosome 9p21 is a recognized risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). However, its effect on disease progression and subsequent events is unclear, raising questions about its value for stratification of residual risk.METHODS: A variant at chromosome 9p21 (rs1333049) was tested for association with subsequent events during follow-up in 103 357 Europeans with established CHD at baseline from the GENIUS-CHD (Genetics of Subsequent Coronary Heart Disease) Consortium (73.1% male, mean age 62.9 years). The primary outcome, subsequent CHD death or myocardial infarction (CHD death/myocardial infarction), occurred in 13 040 of the 93 115 participants with available outcome data. Effect estimates were compared with case/control risk obtained from the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D consortium (Coronary Artery Disease Genome-wide Replication and Meta-analysis [CARDIoGRAM] plus The Coronary Artery Disease [C4D] Genetics) including 47 222 CHD cases and 122 264 controls free of CHD.RESULTS: Meta-analyses revealed no significant association between chromosome 9p21 and the primary outcome of CHD death/myocardial infarction among those with established CHD at baseline (GENIUSCHD odds ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.99-1.05). This contrasted with a strong association in CARDIoGRAMPlusC4D odds ratio 1.20; 95% CI, 1.18-1.22; P for interaction < 0.001 compared with the GENIUS-CHD estimate. Similarly, no clear associations were identified for additional subsequent outcomes, including all-cause death, although we found a modest positive association between chromosome 9p21 and subsequent revascularization (odds ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.04-1.09).CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to studies comparing individuals with CHD to disease-free controls, we found no clear association between genetic variation at chromosome 9p21 and risk of subsequent acute CHD events when all individuals had CHD at baseline. However, the association with subsequent revascularization may support the postulated mechanism of chromosome 9p21 for promoting atheroma development.
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| 3. |
- Heimann, Mikael, 1951-, et al.
(author)
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Facilitating language skills through interactive microcomputer instruction: Observations on seven children with autism
- 1993
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In: Logopedics, Phoniatrics, Vocology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1401-5439 .- 1651-2022. ; 18:1, s. 3-8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study investigates whether children with autism would benefit from using an interactive and child initiated microcomputer program (ALPHA) when learning to read and write. Previous research has demonstrated strong effects when used with deaf or multihandicapped children. In this study, six children with autism used a Swedish version of ALPHA for a period of 3 to 4 months. In addition, one autistic child used the U.S. version when learning English as a second language. The results indicate strong gains in reading and phonological skills for four of the children. One child displayed a mixed pattern and two children failed to show any improvement. It is concluded that interactive micro-computer instruction may be of help for children with autism, but that mental age, motivation, and overall interest in communication must be considered when planning such interventions.
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| 4. |
- Heimann, Mikael, 1951-, et al.
(author)
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Neonatal imitation of tongue protrusion and mouth opening: Methodological aspects and evidence of early individual differences
- 1989
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 30:2, s. 90-101
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present work examines imitation of mouth opening and tongue protrusion in 32 full-terminfants at three different occasions: When the infants are two to three days, three weeks. and three months old. The analysis focuses (1) on individual differences in imitative behaviour and (2) on how to operationalize the infants' responses. The overall group analysis revealed that imitation of tongue protrusion was statistically significant for both two- to three-day-old and three-week-old infants but not when the children had become three months old. Nostatistically significant effect was observed for imitation of mouth opening. Two differentimitation indexes were constructed in order to assess individual differences in early imitativebehaviour. Results show that short-term stability in imitative tendencies cxists between thefirst and second observation. The results further reveal that methodological factors must beseriously considered when studying neonatal imitation: the overall imitation found for tongueprotrusion is demonstrated to be dependent on how the infants' responses are coded.
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| 6. |
- Nelson, Keith E., 1943-, et al.
(author)
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Implications for language acquisition models of childrens' and parents' variations in imitation
- 1989
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In: The many faces of imitation in language learning. - New York : Springer-Verlag New York. - 0387968857 ; , s. 305-323
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the course of this chapter, we consider evidence from three countries, Sweden, Jordan, and the United States. Individual differences between children and also between parents in their imitation tendencies will be examined through a series of questions concerning imitation at different ages and in different cultures. It will be possible to both summarize important research findings on imitation and to discuss theoretical implications of these research findings.
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| 7. |
- Nelson, Keith E, 1943-, et al.
(author)
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Working Memory, Processing Speed, and Executive Memory. Contributions to Computer-Assisted Second Language Learning :
- 2012
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In: Contemporary Educational Technology. - Anadolu University, Turkey. - 1309-517X. ; 3:3, s. 184-200
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- How individual differences in information processing affect second language (L2) learning has been unclear in prior research. Adults lacking prior skill in Swedish were Pretested for working memory, processing speed, and executive memory capacity. Participants then received 6 computer-based instructional sessions with pictorial animations of Swedish sentences, with a built-in experimental contrast between some lessons at high and some at low rates of presentation. The faster rate carried greater processing demands for the learners. Higher levels of Swedish performance during Instructional Sessions were associated with higher Working Memory levels, as expected from widely-used models of working memory (e.g., Baddeley & Hitch, 1994). In contrast, results at demanding long-term retrieval on a Posttest were more complex and revealed several dynamic relationships between Processing Speed, Working Memory, and Swedish language learning. Learners with low rather than high working memory showed higher L2 skills at long-term testing when instructional lessons had employed fast animations. This first-time demonstration that prior cognitive profiles strongly influence learners’ progress in second language requires refinements in existing theories. Further, the results hold implications for tailoring second language teaching on-line or in other technology-based instruction to learner profiles on abilities in working memory, processing speed, and executive memory.
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