| 1. |
- Arnal, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Skilful seasonal forecasts of streamflow over Europe?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1027-5606 .- 1607-7938. ; 22:4, s. 2057-2072
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper considers whether there is any added value in using seasonal climate forecasts instead of historical meteorological observations for forecasting streamflow on seasonal timescales over Europe. A Europe-wide analysis of the skill of the newly operational EFAS (European Flood Awareness System) seasonal streamflow forecasts (produced by forcing the Lisflood model with the ECMWF System 4 seasonal climate forecasts), benchmarked against the ensemble streamflow prediction (ESP) forecasting approach (produced by forcing the Lisflood model with historical meteorological observations), is undertaken. The results suggest that, on average, the System 4 seasonal climate forecasts improve the streamflow predictability over historical meteorological observations for the first month of lead time only (in terms of hindcast accuracy, sharpness and overall performance). However, the predictability varies in space and time and is greater in winter and autumn. Parts of Europe additionally exhibit a longer predictability, up to 7 months of lead time, for certain months within a season. In terms of hindcast reliability, the EFAS seasonal streamflow hindcasts are on average less skilful than the ESP for all lead times. The results also highlight the potential usefulness of the EFAS seasonal streamflow forecasts for decision-making (measured in terms of the hindcast discrimination for the lower and upper terciles of the simulated streamflow). Although the ESP is the most potentially useful forecasting approach in Europe, the EFAS seasonal streamflow forecasts appear more potentially useful than the ESP in some regions and for certain seasons, especially in winter for almost 40 % of Europe. Patterns in the EFAS seasonal streamflow hindcast skill are however not mirrored in the System 4 seasonal climate hindcasts, hinting at the need for a better understanding of the link between hydrological and meteorological variables on seasonal timescales, with the aim of improving climate-model-based seasonal streamflow forecasting.
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| 2. |
- Kusche, Sabrina, 1984-
(författare)
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Der E-Mail-Roman : Zur Medialisierung des Erzählens in der zeitgenössischen deutsch- und englischsprachigen Literatur
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It has often been remarked that over the last two decades e-mails have become increasingly integrated into the novel and have thus reshaped not only its structure but also its plots. A number of scholars and critics have called for extensive scientific research into the new genre, which they refer to as the ‘E-Mail-Novel’. This dissertation is a reply to that call and focuses on this newly emerging genre within German- and English-speaking contexts. It does so by analyzing the modifications which e-mails have brought about in the novel on both the story and the discourse levels. In an effort to systematize the intermedial references to the communicative medium of e-mail in the novel, the study draws on categories from the work of Irina Rajewsky and Werner Wolf and reconfigures them according to their aptness for explicating features of the E-Mail-Novel. The intermedial categories developed in this dissertation – i. e., mention, report and imitation – also provide a basis for the analytical description of other interrelations between new media and literature and thus lend themselves to a theorization of the mediatization of narrative. Against this backdrop of different intermedial references, the study develops the idea of a scale for ordering and systematizing the varieties of the genre by simultaneously defining two major groups of e-mail-novels: hybrid and pure forms. Taking into account the historical variability of generic forms, the dissertation shows how the E-Mail-Novel depends on the cultural contexts in which it emerged by pointing out the ways in which the novels draw on contemporary issues. Among these are internet surveillance, the loss of control over the overwhelming amount of acts of virtual communication and the complexity of social relationships established and carried out via e-mail. Thus, the dissertation describes certain topoi and plot structures that can be regarded as paradigmatic for the E-Mail-Novel. In conclusion, the study maps six potential functions that e-mails can fulfill within the novel: on the intratextual level, intermedial references to e-mails can have a dramaturgical, explicative and instrumental potential while, on the extratextual level, they can fulfill representative, discursive and self-reflexive functions.
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| 3. |
- Längin, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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Xenografts Show Signs of Concentric Hypertrophy and Dynamic Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction after Orthotopic Pig-to-baboon Heart Transplantation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Transplantation. - 0041-1337. ; 107:12, s. 328-338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Orthotopic cardiac xenotransplantation has seen substantial advancement in the last years and the initiation of a clinical pilot study is close. However, donor organ overgrowth has been a major hurdle for preclinical experiments, resulting in loss of function and the decease of the recipient. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of organ overgrowth after xenotransplantation is necessary before clinical application. Methods. Hearts from genetically modified (GGTA1-KO, hCD46/hTBM transgenic) juvenile pigs were orthotopically transplanted into male baboons. Group I (control, n = 3) received immunosuppression based on costimulation blockade, group II (growth inhibition, n = 9) was additionally treated with mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitor, antihypertensive medication, and fast corticoid tapering. Thyroid hormones and insulin-like growth factor 1 were measured before transplantation and before euthanasia, left ventricular (LV) growth was assessed by echocardiography, and hemodynamic data were recorded via a wireless implant. Results. Insulin-like growth factor 1 was higher in baboons than in donor piglets but dropped to porcine levels at the end of the experiments in group I. LV mass increase was 10-fold faster in group I than in group II. This increase was caused by nonphysiological LV wall enlargement. Additionally, pressure gradients between LV and the ascending aorta developed, and signs of dynamic left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction appeared. Conclusions. After orthotopic xenotransplantation in baboon recipients, untreated porcine hearts showed rapidly progressing concentric hypertrophy with dynamic LVOT obstruction, mimicking hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy in humans. Antihypertensive and antiproliferative drugs reduced growth rate and inhibited LVOT obstruction, thereby preventing loss of function.
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| 4. |
- Mohammed Taha, Hiba, et al.
(författare)
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The NORMAN Suspect List Exchange (NORMAN-SLE) : facilitating European and worldwide collaboration on suspect screening in high resolution mass spectrometry
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Sciences Europe. - : Springer. - 2190-4707 .- 2190-4715. ; 34:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The NORMAN Association (https://www.norman-network.com/) initiated the NORMAN Suspect List Exchange (NORMAN-SLE; https://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/) in 2015, following the NORMAN collaborative trial on non-target screening of environmental water samples by mass spectrometry. Since then, this exchange of information on chemicals that are expected to occur in the environment, along with the accompanying expert knowledge and references, has become a valuable knowledge base for “suspect screening” lists. The NORMAN-SLE now serves as a FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) chemical information resource worldwide.Results: The NORMAN-SLE contains 99 separate suspect list collections (as of May 2022) from over 70 contributors around the world, totalling over 100,000 unique substances. The substance classes include per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), pharmaceuticals, pesticides, natural toxins, high production volume substances covered under the European REACH regulation (EC: 1272/2008), priority contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and regulatory lists from NORMAN partners. Several lists focus on transformation products (TPs) and complex features detected in the environment with various levels of provenance and structural information. Each list is available for separate download. The merged, curated collection is also available as the NORMAN Substance Database (NORMAN SusDat). Both the NORMAN-SLE and NORMAN SusDat are integrated within the NORMAN Database System (NDS). The individual NORMAN-SLE lists receive digital object identifiers (DOIs) and traceable versioning via a Zenodo community (https://zenodo.org/communities/norman-sle), with a total of > 40,000 unique views, > 50,000 unique downloads and 40 citations (May 2022). NORMAN-SLE content is progressively integrated into large open chemical databases such as PubChem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and the US EPA’s CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/), enabling further access to these lists, along with the additional functionality and calculated properties these resources offer. PubChem has also integrated significant annotation content from the NORMAN-SLE, including a classification browser (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/classification/#hid=101).Conclusions: The NORMAN-SLE offers a specialized service for hosting suspect screening lists of relevance for the environmental community in an open, FAIR manner that allows integration with other major chemical resources. These efforts foster the exchange of information between scientists and regulators, supporting the paradigm shift to the “one substance, one assessment” approach. New submissions are welcome via the contacts provided on the NORMAN-SLE website (https://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/).
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