| 1. |
- Tran, Ngoc Hieu, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic profiling of Vietnamese population from large-scale genomic analysis of non-invasive prenatal testing data
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The under-representation of several ethnic groups in existing genetic databases and studies have undermined our understanding of the genetic variations and associated traits or diseases in many populations. Cost and technology limitations remain the challenges in performing large-scale genome sequencing projects in many developing countries, including Vietnam. As one of the most rapidly adopted genetic tests, non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) data offers an alternative untapped resource for genetic studies. Here we performed a large-scale genomic analysis of 2683 pregnant Vietnamese women using their NIPT data and identified a comprehensive set of 8,054,515 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, among which 8.2% were new to the Vietnamese population. Our study also revealed 24,487 disease-associated genetic variants and their allele frequency distribution, especially 5 pathogenic variants for prevalent genetic disorders in Vietnam. We also observed major discrepancies in the allele frequency distribution of disease-associated genetic variants between the Vietnamese and other populations, thus highlighting a need for genome-wide association studies dedicated to the Vietnamese population. The resulted database of Vietnamese genetic variants, their allele frequency distribution, and their associated diseases presents a valuable resource for future genetic studies.
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| 2. |
- Feigin, Valery L, et al.
(författare)
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Global, Regional, and Country-Specific Lifetime Risks of Stroke, 1990 and 2016.
- 2018
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Ingår i: The New England journal of medicine. - 1533-4406 .- 0028-4793. ; 379:25, s. 2429-2437
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lifetime risk of stroke has been calculated in a limited number of selected populations. We sought to estimate the lifetime risk of stroke at the regional, country, and global level using data from a comprehensive study of the prevalence of major diseases.We used the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2016 estimates of stroke incidence and the competing risks of death from any cause other than stroke to calculate the cumulative lifetime risks of first stroke, ischemic stroke, or hemorrhagic stroke among adults 25 years of age or older. Estimates of the lifetime risks in the years 1990 and 2016 were compared. Countries were categorized into quintiles of the sociodemographic index (SDI) used in the GBD Study, and the risks were compared across quintiles. Comparisons were made with the use of point estimates and uncertainty intervals representing the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles around the estimate.The estimated global lifetime risk of stroke from the age of 25 years onward was 24.9% (95% uncertainty interval, 23.5 to 26.2); the risk among men was 24.7% (95% uncertainty interval, 23.3 to 26.0), and the risk among women was 25.1% (95% uncertainty interval, 23.7 to 26.5). The risk of ischemic stroke was 18.3%, and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke was 8.2%. In high-SDI, high-middle-SDI, and low-SDI countries, the estimated lifetime risk of stroke was 23.5%, 31.1% (highest risk), and 13.2% (lowest risk), respectively; the 95% uncertainty intervals did not overlap between these categories. The highest estimated lifetime risks of stroke according to GBD region were in East Asia (38.8%), Central Europe (31.7%), and Eastern Europe (31.6%), and the lowest risk was in eastern sub-Saharan Africa (11.8%). The mean global lifetime risk of stroke increased from 22.8% in 1990 to 24.9% in 2016, a relative increase of 8.9% (95% uncertainty interval, 6.2 to 11.5); the competing risk of death from any cause other than stroke was considered in this calculation.In 2016, the global lifetime risk of stroke from the age of 25 years onward was approximately 25% among both men and women. There was geographic variation in the lifetime risk of stroke, with the highest risks in East Asia, Central Europe, and Eastern Europe. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.).
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| 3. |
- Lozano, Rafael, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 2091-2138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of “leaving no one behind”, it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health-related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990–2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment. Methods: We measured progress on 41 health-related SDG indicators from 1990 to 2017, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2016 (new indicators were health worker density, sexual violence by non-intimate partners, population census status, and prevalence of physical and sexual violence [reported separately]). We also improved the measurement of several previously reported indicators. We constructed national-level estimates and, for a subset of health-related SDGs, examined indicator-level differences by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. We also did subnational assessments of performance for selected countries. To construct the health-related SDG index, we transformed the value for each indicator on a scale of 0–100, with 0 as the 2·5th percentile and 100 as the 97·5th percentile of 1000 draws calculated from 1990 to 2030, and took the geometric mean of the scaled indicators by target. To generate projections through 2030, we used a forecasting framework that drew estimates from the broader GBD study and used weighted averages of indicator-specific and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2017 to inform future estimates. We assessed attainment of indicators with defined targets in two ways: first, using mean values projected for 2030, and then using the probability of attainment in 2030 calculated from 1000 draws. We also did a global attainment analysis of the feasibility of attaining SDG targets on the basis of past trends. Using 2015 global averages of indicators with defined SDG targets, we calculated the global annualised rates of change required from 2015 to 2030 to meet these targets, and then identified in what percentiles the required global annualised rates of change fell in the distribution of country-level rates of change from 1990 to 2015. We took the mean of these global percentile values across indicators and applied the past rate of change at this mean global percentile to all health-related SDG indicators, irrespective of target definition, to estimate the equivalent 2030 global average value and percentage change from 2015 to 2030 for each indicator. Findings: The global median health-related SDG index in 2017 was 59·4 (IQR 35·4–67·3), ranging from a low of 11·6 (95% uncertainty interval 9·6–14·0) to a high of 84·9 (83·1–86·7). SDG index values in countries assessed at the subnational level varied substantially, particularly in China and India, although scores in Japan and the UK were more homogeneous. Indicators also varied by SDI quintile and sex, with males having worse outcomes than females for non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality, alcohol use, and smoking, among others. Most countries were projected to have a higher health-related SDG index in 2030 than in 2017, while country-level probabilities of attainment by 2030 varied widely by indicator. Under-5 mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria indicators had the most countries with at least 95% probability of target attainment. Other indicators, including NCD mortality and suicide mortality, had no countries projected to meet corresponding SDG targets on the basis of projected mean values for 2030 but showed some probability of attainment by 2030. For some indicators, including child malnutrition, several infectious diseases, and most violence measures, the annualised rates of change required to meet SDG targets far exceeded the pace of progress achieved by any country in the recent past. We found that applying the mean global annualised rate of change to indicators without defined targets would equate to about 19% and 22% reductions in global smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively; a 47% decline in adolescent birth rates; and a more than 85% increase in health worker density per 1000 population by 2030. Interpretation: The GBD study offers a unique, robust platform for monitoring the health-related SDGs across demographic and geographic dimensions. Our findings underscore the importance of increased collection and analysis of disaggregated data and highlight where more deliberate design or targeting of interventions could accelerate progress in attaining the SDGs. Current projections show that many health-related SDG indicators, NCDs, NCD-related risks, and violence-related indicators will require a concerted shift away from what might have driven past gains—curative interventions in the case of NCDs—towards multisectoral, prevention-oriented policy action and investments to achieve SDG aims. Notably, several targets, if they are to be met by 2030, demand a pace of progress that no country has achieved in the recent past. The future is fundamentally uncertain, and no model can fully predict what breakthroughs or events might alter the course of the SDGs. What is clear is that our actions—or inaction—today will ultimately dictate how close the world, collectively, can get to leaving no one behind by 2030.
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| 4. |
- Stanaway, Jeffrey D., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 1923-1994
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk-outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk-outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk- outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017.
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| 5. |
- von Seidlein, Lorenz, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of targeted malaria elimination with mass drug administrations on falciparum malaria in Southeast Asia: A cluster randomised trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLoS Medicine. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1549-1277 .- 1549-1676. ; 16:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) threatens global malaria elimination efforts. Mass drug administration (MDA), the presumptive antimalarial treatment of an entire population to clear the subclinical parasite reservoir, is a strategy to accelerate malaria elimination. We report a cluster randomised trial to assess the effectiveness of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) MDA in reducing falciparum malaria incidence and prevalence in 16 remote village populations in Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia, and the Lao Peoples Democratic Republic, where artemisinin resistance is prevalent. Methods and findings After establishing vector control and community-based case management and following intensive community engagement, we used restricted randomisation within village pairs to select 8 villages to receive early DP MDA and 8 villages as controls for 12 months, after which the control villages received deferred DP MDA. The MDA comprised 3 monthly rounds of 3 daily doses of DP and, except in Cambodia, a single low dose of primaquine. We conducted exhaustive cross-sectional surveys of the entire population of each village at quarterly intervals using ultrasensitive quantitative PCR to detect Plasmodium infections. The study was conducted between May 2013 and July 2017. The investigators randomised 16 villages that had a total of 8,445 residents at the start of the study. Of these 8,445 residents, 4,135 (49%) residents living in 8 villages, plus an additional 288 newcomers to the villages, were randomised to receive early MDA; 3,790 out of the 4,423 (86%) participated in at least 1 MDA round, and 2,520 out of the 4,423 (57%) participated in all 3 rounds. The primary outcome, P. falciparum prevalence by month 3 (M3), fell by 92% (from 5.1% [171/3,340] to 0.4% [12/2,828]) in early MDA villages and by 29% (from 7.2% [246/3,405] to 5.1% [155/3,057]) in control villages. Over the following 9 months, the P. falciparum prevalence increased to 3.3% (96/2,881) in early MDA villages and to 6.1% (128/2,101) in control villages (adjusted incidence rate ratio 0.41 [95% CI 0.20 to 0.84]; p = 0.015). Individual protection was proportional to the number of completed MDA rounds. Of 221 participants with subclinical P. falciparum infections who participated in MDA and could be followed up, 207 (94%) cleared their infections, including 9 of 10 with artemisinin-and piperaquine- resistant infections. The DP MDAs were well tolerated; 6 severe adverse events were detected during the follow-up period, but none was attributable to the intervention. Conclusions Added to community-based basic malaria control measures, 3 monthly rounds of DP MDA reduced the incidence and prevalence of falciparum malaria over a 1-year period in areas affected by artemisinin resistance. P. falciparum infections returned during the follow-up period as the remaining infections spread and malaria was reintroduced from surrounding areas. Limitations of this study include a relatively small sample of villages, heterogeneity between villages, and mobility of villagers that may have limited the impact of the intervention. These results suggest that, if used as part of a comprehensive, well-organised, and well-resourced elimination programme, DP MDA can be a useful additional tool to accelerate malaria elimination.
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| 6. |
- Duoc, Vo Thanh, et al.
(författare)
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New Design of ZnO Nanorod- and Nanowire-Based NO2 Room-Temperature Sensors Prepared by Hydrothermal Method
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Nanomaterials. - : HINDAWI LTD. - 1687-4110 .- 1687-4129.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Room-temperature gas sensors are attracting attention because of their low power consumption, safe operation, and long-term stability. Herein, ZnO nanorods (NRs) and nanowires (NWs) were on-chip grown via a facile hydrothermal method and used for room-temperature NO2 gas sensor applications. The ZnO NRs were obtained by a one-step hydrothermal process, whereas the NWs were obtained by a two-step hydrothermal process. To obtain ZnO NW sensor, the length of NRs was controlled short enough so that none of the nanorod-nanorod junction was made. Thereafter, the NWs were grown from the tips of no-contact NRs to form nanowire-nanowire junctions. The gas-sensing characteristics of ZnO NRs and NWs were tested against NO2 gas at room temperature for comparison. The gas-sensing characteristics of the sensors were also tested at different applied voltages to evaluate the effect of the self-activated gas-sensing performance. Results show that the diameter of ZnO NRs and NWs is the dominant parameter of their NO2 gas-sensing performance at room temperature. In addition, self-activation by local heating occurred for both sensors, but because the NWs were smaller and sparser than the NRs, local heating thus required a lower applied voltage with maximal response compared with the NRs.
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| 7. |
- Duy, Nguyen Van, et al.
(författare)
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Design and fabrication of effective gradient temperature sensor array based on bilayer SnO2/Pt for gas classification
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical. - : Elsevier. - 0925-4005 .- 1873-3077. ; 351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Classification of different gases is important, and it is possible to use different gas sensors for this purpose. Electronic noses, for example, combine separated gas sensors into an array for detecting different gases. However, the use of separated sensors in an array suffers from being bulky, high-energy consumption and complex fabrication processes. Generally, gas sensing properties, including gas selectivity, of semiconductor gas sensors are strongly dependent on their working temperature. It is therefore feasible to use a single device composed of identical sensors arranged in a temperature gradient for classification of multiple gases. Herein, we introduce a design for simple fabrication of gas sensor array based on bilayer Pt/SnO2 for real-time monitoring and classification of multiple gases. The study includes design simulation of the sensor array to find an effective gradient temperature, fabrication of the sensors and test of their performance. The array, composed of five sensors, was fabricated on a glass substrate without the need of backside etching to reduce heat loss. A SnO2 thin film sensitized with Pt on top deposited by sputtering was used as sensing material. The sensor array was tested against different gases including ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, acetone, ammonia, and hydrogen. Radar plots and principal component analysis were used to visualize the distinction of the tested gases and to enable effective classification.
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| 8. |
- Hoang-Minh, Thao, et al.
(författare)
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Mineralogical Characterization of Di Linh Bentonite, Vietnam: A Methodological Approach of X-ray Diffraction and Transmission Electron Microscopy
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 13th International Symposium on Mineral Exploration (ISME-XIII). - Hanoi : Vietnam National University Press, Hanoi. - 9786046215400 ; , s. 143-148
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vietnam has decided to establish nuclear power as further energy option. In order to develop a Vietnamese reference bentonite as potential barrier in a final repository for high radioactive waste, a detailed mineralogical investigation of Di Linh bentonite (Lam Dong province), lacustrine clay, was carried out by different methods especially transmission electron microscopy (TEM) linked with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). From a sample homogenized from 5 tones of the bentonite, mineral formulae of clay particles was calculated The calculation also focuses on randomly interstratifications of two and three members. The fraction <2 μm of Di Linh bentonite is composed mainly by montmorillonite (Ca0.06Mg0.03Na0.09K0.03Al1.39Fe0.25Mg0.26(OH)2 Si3.96Al0.04O10) and regular ordering (R1) illite-smectite interstratifications with K- and charge-deficiency (Ca0.04Mg0.07Na0.18K0.16Al1.76Fe0.08Mg0.16(OH)2Si3.62Al0.38O10). Additionally, Fe-poor kaolinite-smectite-vermiculite interstratifications and trace of Fe-rich chloritesmectite- vermiculite interstatifications were identified. TEM-investigations showed analytical proofs of the sedimentary character of smectite formation in the Di Linh deposit. Parent muscovite was weathered in several steps in two different environments: (i) K-leaching and layer-wise alteration into kaolinite; (ii) further edge- controlled alteration of mica into lathlike montmorillonite particles under dissolution of kaolinite layers from former kaolinite-mica intergrowths. Mineralogical composition of the Di Linh bentonite with mainly montmorillonite and illite-rich illite-smectite interstratifications shows that the Di Linh bentonite can be a suitable barrier candidate in final repositories.
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| 9. |
- Hoang-Minh, Thao, et al.
(författare)
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Use of TEM-EDX for structural formula identification of clay minerals : a case study of Di Linh bentonite, Vietnam
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of applied crystallography. - : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr). - 0021-8898 .- 1600-5767. ; 52:1, s. 133-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transmission electron microscopy linked with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDX) was applied to characterize mineralogical signals ofweathering processes in the Di Linh bentonite deposit (Vietnam) and to visualize the effects of Na activation on the smectitic phases. Modelling of X ray diffraction patterns (oriented mount) was applied in order to refine the computed structural formula. X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) methods were also applied to verify the TEM-EDX results. An Excel-based routine has been developed in this research to allow fast computation of structural formulae and classification of the investigated clay particles. This routine supports the acquirement of 100 300 TEM-EDX analyses as a representative set of individual particles for each sample. The Excel-based routine involves end members of different clay mineral groups and interstratifications with two or three members (e.g. illite smectite interstratifications – IS-ml; dioctahedral vermiculite–smectite interstratifications – diVS-ml; and kaolinite–montmorillonite–dioctahedral vermiculite interstratifications – KSV-ml). The routine is now freely available. According to the identification procedure, the <2 mm fraction of the Di Linh bentonite (Vietnam) is composed mainly of K- and charge-deficient illite smectite interstratifications (or diVS-ml): montmorillonite-rich randomly ordered (R0) type and illite-rich regularly ordered (R1) type. Additionally, Fe-poor KSV-ml was identified.Industrial Na activation of the Di Linh bentonite resulted in an increase of theR1 diVS-ml portion and dissolution of a large part of the smectite-rich phases.The TEM-EDX approach also gave analytical proof of a sedimentary processfor Di Linh smectite. The parent muscovite was altered in two different environments: (i) K-leaching and layer-wise alteration into kaolinite (weathering), and (ii) further edge-controlled alteration of mica into lath-like montmorillonite particles associated with a dissolution of kaolinite layers from the former kaolinite–mica intergrowths by heat impact (basalt flow).
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| 10. |
- Nguyen, Xuan Thi Thanh, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of aflatoxin B \textlesssub\textgreater1\textless/sub\textgreater in maize and awareness of aflatoxins in Son La, Vietnam
- 2018
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Ingår i: Infection Ecology & Epidemiology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2000-8686. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACTAflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a fungal by-product which causes acute and chronic toxicity in humans and many other animals. This research was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of AFB1 contamination in maize and residents’ awareness of aflatoxins in Son La province, Vietnam. Maize samples were randomly collected from Son La province using multi-stage sampling. We used cut-off levels of 5 and 20 μg/kg and calculated the mean, median and range for each district. In addition, a questionnaire collected information from households about their knowledge, attitude and practice related to moldy maize. Out of 378 maize samples from Son La, 204 (54.0%) and 141 (37.3%) were contaminated with AFB1 at more than 5 µg/kg and 20 µg/kg, respectively. Mai Son district had the highest proportion of samples (54.0%) using a cut-off level \textgreater 20 µg/kg, and Yen Chau district the lowest (4%). People from the Thai ethnic group were 30.9 times more likely to consume meat from animals fed moldy maize than people from the Kinh ethn...
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