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- Bastviken, David, Professor, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring greenhouse gas fluxes : what methods do we have versus what methods do we need?
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Appropriate methods to measure greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes are critical for our ability to detect fluxes, understand regulation, make adequate priorities for climate change mitigation efforts, and verify that these efforts are effective. Ideally, we need reliable, accessible, and affordable measurements at relevant scales. We surveyed present GHG flux measurement methods, identified from an analysis of >11000 scientific publications and a questionnaire to sector professionals and analysed method pros and cons versus needs for novel methodology. While existing methods are well-suited for addressing certain questions, this presentation presents fundamental limitations relative to GHG flux measurement needs for verifiable and transparent action to mitigate many types of emissions. Cost and non-academic accessibility are key aspects, along with fundamental measurement performance. These method limitations contribute to the difficulties in verifying GHG mitigation efforts for transparency and accountability under the Paris agreement. Resolving this mismatch between method capacity and societal needs is urgently needed for effective climate mitigation. This type of methodological mismatch is common but seems to get high priority in other knowledge domains. The obvious need to prioritize development of accurate diagnosis methods for effective treatments in healthcare is one example. This presentation provides guidance regarding the need to prioritize the development of novel GHG flux measurement methods.
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| 2. |
- Domènech-Gil, Guillem, Mr. Doctor, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient Methane Monitoring with Low-Cost Chemical Sensorsand Machine Learning
- 2024
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a method to monitor methane at atmospheric concentrations with errors inthe order of tens of parts per billion. We use machine learning techniques and periodic calibrationswith reference equipment to quantify methane from the readings of an electronic nose. The resultsobtained demonstrate versatile and robust solution that outputs adequate concentrations in a varietyof different cases studied, including indoor and outdoor environments with emissions arising fromnatural or anthropogenic sources. Our strategy opens the path to a wide-spread use of low-costsensor system networks for greenhouse gas monitoring.
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| 3. |
- Domènech-Gil, Guillem, Mr. Doctor, et al.
(författare)
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Electronic Nose for Improved Environmental Methane Monitoring
- 2024
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 58, s. 352-361
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reducing emissions of the key greenhouse gas methane (CH4) is increasingly highlighted as being important to mitigate climate change. Effective emission reductions require cost-effective ways to measure CH4 to detect sources and verify that mitigation efforts work. We present here a novel approach to measure methane at atmospheric concentrations by means of a low-cost electronic nose strategy where the readings of a few sensors are combined, leading to errors down to 33 ppb and coefficients of determination, R-2, up to 0.91 for in situ measurements. Data from methane, temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure sensors were used in customized machine learning models to account for environmental cross-effects and quantify methane in the ppm-ppb range both in indoor and outdoor conditions. The electronic nose strategy was confirmed to be versatile with improved accuracy when more reference data were supplied to the quantification model. Our results pave the way toward the use of networks of low-cost sensor systems for the monitoring of greenhouse gases.
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| 4. |
- Duc, Nguyen Thanh, 1980-
(författare)
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Abiotic and biotic methane dynamics in relation to the origin of life
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Methane (CH4) plays an important role in regulating Earth’s climate. Its atmospheric concentrations are related to both biotic and abiotic processes. The biotic one can be formed either by chemoautotrophic or heterotrophic pathways by methanogens. Abiotic CH4 formation can occur from several sequential reactions starting with H2 production by serpentinization of Fe-bearing minerals followed by Fischer-Tropsch Type reactions or thermogenic reactions from hydrocarbons. In the presence of suitable electron acceptors, microbial oxidation utilizes CH4 and contributes to regulating its emission. From the perspectives of astrobiology and Earth climate regulation, this thesis focuses on: (1) Dynamics of CH4 formation and oxidation in lake sediments (Paper I), (2) Constructing an automatic flux chamber to facilitate its emission measurements (Paper II), (3) dynamics of both abiotic and biotic CH4 formation processes related to olivine water interaction in temperature range 30 - 70°C (Paper III and IV). Paper I showed that potential CH4 oxidation strongly correlated to in situ its formation rates across a wide variety of lake sediments. This means that the oxidation rates could be enhanced in environments having the high formation rates. Thereby, the oxidation would likely be able to keep up with potentially increasing the formation rates, as a result diffusive CH4 release from freshwater sediments might not necessarily increase due to global warming. Paper II presented a new automated approach to assess temporal variability of its aquatic fluxes. Paper III and IV together revealed that H2 can be formed via olivine-water interaction. Abiotic CH4 formation was formed likely by Fischer-Tropsch Type reactions at low inorganic carbon concentration but by thermogenic processes at high inorganic carbon concentration. Paper IV showed that biotic methanogenic metabolism could harvest H2 and produce CH4. The dynamics of these processes seemed strongly affected by carbonate chemistry.
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| 5. |
- Duc, Nguyen Thanh, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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An automatic flux chamber for investigating gas flux at water – air interfaces
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aquatic ecosystems are major sources of greenhouse gases (GHG). Representative measurements of GHG fluxes from aquatic ecosystems to the atmosphere are vital for quantitative understanding of climate related biogeochemistry. Fluxes occur at high temporal variability at diel or longer scales which are not captured by traditional short term deployments (typically on the order of 30 minutes) of floating flux chambers. High temporal frequency measurements are necessary but are extremely labor intensive if manual flux chamber based methods are used. Eddy correlation methods require expensive equipment and lead to uncertain results because of the high spatial variability of fluxes from restricted areas. Therefore we designed an inexpensive and easily mobile automatic flux chamber system (AFC) for extended deployments. This device includes a flux chamber and a box with the controller/datalogger, valves, a pump, a 12 V battery and a solar cell. Sensors tested in this study recorded CH4 concentration in the chamber headspace, temperature in the water and air and barometric pressure, but other sensors for CO2 and weather variables can also be attached to the system. The unit was designed to measure in situ accumulation of gas in the chamber and also to collect gas samples in an array of sample bottles for subsequent analysis in the laboratory, providing two independent ways of CH4 concentration measurements. We here present the AFC design and function together with data from initial laboratory tests and from a field deployment.
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