| 1. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
-
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
|
|
| 2. |
-
- 2019
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 3. |
- Aliakbari Abar, Hanieh, et al.
(författare)
-
Large screen enabled tri-port MIMO handset antenna for low LTE bands
- 2021
-
Ingår i: IEEE Open Journal on Antennas and Propagation. - 2637-6431. ; 2, s. 911-920
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, the screen-to-body ratio of mobile handsets has been increasing. Today, the screen nearly fills up the entire front side. Conventionally, the screen is mainly seen as a metallic object that adversely affects antenna performance. In this paper, the large screen is used for the first time to facilitate an additional uncorrelated MIMO port in a tri-port design, for several LTE bands below 1 GHz. To this end, the screen and the terminal chassis are modeled as two metal plates and their characteristic modes are analyzed. Four modes are then tuned to resonance and selectively excited to yield three uncorrelated MIMO ports. Simulation and measurement results are in good agreement. The measured bandwidths are 23%, 17% and 21%. Within the operating band, the measured isolation is above 13 dB, envelope correlation coefficient below 0.16 and average total efficiency above 72%.
|
|
| 4. |
- Gan, Zhixing, et al.
(författare)
-
Electron transition pathways of photoluminescence from 3C-SiC nanocrystals unraveled by steady-state, blinking and time-resolved photoluminescence measurement
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physics D. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0022-3727 .- 1361-6463. ; 49:27
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cubic phase SiC nanocrystals (3C-SiC NCs) have been extensively studied for electronics and photonics applications. In this work we study the electron transition pathways of photoluminescence (PL) from 3C-SiC NCs. It is found through measuring the steady-state, blinking and time-resolved PL spectra that surface passivation by glycerol improved the steady-state PL intensity (it does not modify the emission wavelength) and the NCs fluoresced more steadily. The PL decay lifetimes are shown to be the same when the detection wavelength is modified to scan the broad PL peak, implying that the broad PL peak is originated from the distribution of NCs' sizes. Furthermore, the PL decay lifetimes are not modified by the surface passivation. It is concluded that for PL, the electron is photoexcited from the ground state in the NC to a high-energy excited state, relaxes to the first excited state then radiatively recombines to the ground state to emit a photon. The photoexcited electron at the high-energy excited state could transit to the surface state, resulting in a reduced PL intensity and a decreased on-state dwell time in the blinking trajectory. The PL decay lifetime data implies that the two principal electron transition pathways of (a) high-energy excited state double right arrow the first excited state double right arrow the ground state, and (b) high-energy excited state double right arrow surface state double right arrow the ground state are independent from each other. We strongly believe that such a deep knowledge about 3C-SiC NCs will open new doors to harness them for novel applications.
|
|
| 5. |
- Gao, Ruo Bin, et al.
(författare)
-
A Wideband Co-Linearly Polarized Composite Antenna with High Isolation
- 2024
-
Ingår i: IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters. - 1536-1225. ; 23:1, s. 419-423
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a high-isolation two-port co-linearly polarized (co-LP) composite antenna is proposed. Dipole and W8JK array modes with co-LP omnidirectional patterns can be simultaneously supported by a plate with two etched back-to-back tapered slots. A microstrip differential and a T-divider coupling feeding networks are developed to selectively excite the dipole and W8JK modes, which results in a high isolation and low correlation between two co-LP ports without using any decoupling structures. Reflecting ground is applied to realize the directional radiation. Measurement results show that the overlapped operating band of the antenna can cover 3.4 - 4.1 GHz with low measured envelope correlation coefficients (< 2.5 × 10-3) and high isolation (> 20 dB). Dual-polarized four-port element with good performances can be easily obtained based on the proposed co-LP antenna. The simulated results of the four-port prototype indicate that the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for the future compact massive MIMO array antenna.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Lu, Xuedong, et al.
(författare)
-
A rapid two-step algorithm detects and identifies clinical macrolide and beta-lactam antibiotic resistance in clinical bacterial isolates
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Microbiological Methods. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-7012 .- 1872-8359. ; 102, s. 26-31
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Aiming to identify macrolide and beta-lactam resistance in clinical bacterial isolates rapidly and accurately, a two-step algorithm was developed based on detection of eight antibiotic resistance genes. Methods: Targeting at genes linked to bacterial macrolide (msrA, ermA, ermB, and ermC) and beta-lactam (bla(TEM), bla(SHV), bla(CTX-N-1), bin(CTX-M-9)) antibiotic resistances, this method includes a multiplex real-time PCR, a melting temperature profile analysis as well as a liquid bead microarray assay. Liquid bead microarray assay is applied only when indistinguishable T-m profile is observed. Results: The clinical validity of this method was assessed on clinical bacterial isolates. Among the total 580 isolates that were determined by our diagnostic method, 75% of them were identified by the multiplex real-time PCR with melting temperature analysis alone, while the remaining 25% required both multiplex real-time PCR with melting temperature analysis and liquid bead microarray assay for identification. Compared with the traditional phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility test, an overall agreement of 81.2% (kappa = 0.614, 95% Cl = 0550-0.679) was observed, with a sensitivity and specificity of 87.7% and 73% respectively. Besides, the average test turnaround time is 3.9 h, which is much shorter in comparison with more than 24 h for the traditional phenotypic tests. Conclusions: Having the advantages of the shorter operating time and comparable high sensitivity and specificity with the traditional phenotypic test, our two-step algorithm provides an efficient tool for rapid determination of macrolide and beta-lactam antibiotic resistances in clinical bacterial isolates.
|
|
| 9. |
- Nie, Junsheng, et al.
(författare)
-
Rapid incision of the Mekong River in the middle Miocene linked to monsoonal precipitation
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Nature Geoscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1752-0894 .- 1752-0908. ; 11, s. 944-948
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The uplift of orogenic plateaus has been assumed to be coincident with the fluvial incision of the gorges that commonly cut plateau margins. The Mekong River, which drains the eastern Qiangtang Terrane and southeastern Tibetan Plateau, is one of the ten largest rivers in the world by water and sediment discharge. When the Mekong River was established remains highly debated-with estimates that range from more than 55 to less than 5 million years ago-despite being a key constraint on the elevation history of the Tibetan Plateau. Here we report low-temperature thermochronology data from river bedrock samples that reveal a phase of rapid downward incision (>700 m) of the Mekong River during the middle Miocene about 17 million years ago, long after the uplift of the central and southeastern Tibetan Plateau. However, this coincides with a period of enhanced East Asian summer monsoon precipitation over the region compared with the early Miocene. Using stream profile modelling, we demonstrate that such an increase in precipitation could have produced the observed incision in the Mekong River. In the absence of an obvious tectonic contribution, we suggest that the rapid incision of the Tibetan Plateau and the establishment of the Mekong River in the middle Miocene may be attributed to increased erosion during a period of high monsoon precipitation.
|
|
| 10. |
- Nie, Jintao, et al.
(författare)
-
SignFind: A Synchronized Sign Language and Chinese Character Teaching Game for Chinese Deaf Children Using Gesture Recognition
- 2022
-
Ingår i: CHI EA '22: Extended Abstracts of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450391566 ; , s. 1-7
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a targeted system to help Chinese deaf children learn both sign language and Chinese characters in early language learning. The system combines sign recognition and in-air writing techniques with games so that children can practice sign language and Chinese character writing at the same time. Sign recognition is used to assess the accuracy of sign language and in-air writing records the process of writing Chinese characters. In addition, the game adds to the learning fun and makes children more willing to complete learning tasks. We have developed a prototype to evaluate the effectiveness of a simultaneous Chinese sign language and Chinese character teaching system based on gesture recognition and in-air writing. We expect that this system will increase children's willingness and efficiency to learn sign language and Chinese characters, and eventually be used to assist in early language education for deaf children in the Chinese region.
|
|
