| 1. |
- James, P., et al.
(författare)
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Towards an integrated understanding of green space in the European built environment
- 2009
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Ingår i: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. - : Elsevier BV. - 1618-8667 .- 1610-8167. ; 8:2, s. 65-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years social, economic and environmental considerations have led to a reevaluation of the factors that contribute to sustainable urban environments. Increasingly, urban green space is seen as an integral part of cities providing a range of services to both the people and the wildlife living in urban areas. With this recognition and resulting from the simultaneous provision of different services, there is a real need to identify a research framework in which to develop multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research on urban green space. In order to address these needs, an iterative process based on the delphi technique was developed, which comprised email-mediated discussions and a two-day symposium involving experts from various disciplines. The two outputs of this iterative process were (i) an integrated framework for multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research and (ii) a catalogue of key research questions in urban green space research. The integrated framework presented here includes relevant research areas (i.e. ecosystem services, drivers of change, pressures on urban green space, human processes and goals of provision of urban green space) and emergent research themes in urban green space studies (i.e. physicality, experience, valuation, management and governance). Collectively these two outputs have the potential to establish an international research agenda for urban green space, which can contribute to the better understanding of people's relationship with cities.
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| 2. |
- Niemelä, E., et al.
(författare)
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Nanoparticles carrying fingolimod and methotrexate enables targeted induction of apoptosis and immobilization of invasive thyroid cancer
- 2020
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Ingår i: European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics. - : ELSEVIER. - 0939-6411 .- 1873-3441. ; 148, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metastatic tumors are the main cause of cancer-related death, as the invading cancer cells disrupt normal functions of distant organs and are nearly impossible to eradicate by traditional cancer therapeutics. This is of special concern when the cancer has created multiple metastases and extensive surgery would be too dangerous to execute. Therefore, combination chemotherapy is often the selected treatment form. However, drug cocktails often have severe adverse effects on healthy cells, whereby the development of targeted drug delivery could minimize side-effects of drugs and increase the efficacy of the combination therapy. In this study, we utilized the folate antagonist methotrexate (MTX) as targeting ligand conjugated onto mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) for selective eradication of folate receptor-expressing invasive thyroid cancer cells. The MSNs was subsequently loaded with the drug fingolimod (FTY720), which has previously been shown to efficiently inhibit proliferation and invasion of aggressive thyroid cancer cells. To assess the efficiency of our carrier system, comprehensive in vitro methods were employed; including flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, viability assays, invasion assay, and label-free imaging techniques. The in vitro results show that MTX-conjugated and FTY720-loaded MSNs potently attenuated both the proliferation and invasion of the cancerous thyroid cells while keeping the off-target effects in normal thyroid cells reasonably low. For a more physiologically relevant in vivo approach we utilized the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, showing decreased invasive behavior of the thyroid derived xenografts and an increased necrotic phenotype compared to tumors that received the free drug cocktail. Thus, the developed multidrug-loaded MSNs effectively induced apoptosis and immobilization of invasive thyroid cancer cells, and could potentially be used as a carrier system for targeted drug delivery for the treatment of diverse forms of aggressive cancers that expresses folate receptors.
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| 3. |
- Valkonen, J., et al.
(författare)
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Formal Verification of Safety I&C System Designs : Two Nuclear Power Plant Related Applications
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings Man-Technology-Organisation Session, Enlarged Halden Programme Group Meeting. - Norway : Institt for energiteknikk.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Instrumentation and control (I&C) systems play a crucial role in the operation of nuclear power plants(NPP) and other safety critical processes. An important change is the replacement of the old analogue I&Csystems with new digitalised ones. The programmable digital logic controllers enable more complicatedcontrol tasks than the old analogue systems and thus the validation of the control logic designs against safetyrequirements has become more important. In order to diminish the subjective component of the evaluationthere is a need to develop new formal verification methods. A promising approach is a method called modelchecking, which enables the complete verification of requirements when a finite state machine model of thesystem is available. The use of model checking to verify two nuclear power plant related systems isdescribed: an arc protection system and a reactor emergency cooling system. For the verification, it was alsonecessary to model the operation environment of the device and the larger system it is part of. Theenvironment models could be kept relatively simple, but it is important that the essential behaviour of theenvironment is covered. The reactor emergency cooling system is in use in an operating nuclear power plantand the arc protection system model included a typical realistic operation environment. The results showedthat it was possible to reliably verify the presence of desired behaviour as well as the absence of anundesired behaviour of the system. The possibility for complete verification makes model checking differentfrom simulation-based testing where only a number of selected scenarios can be simulated and one can neverbe sure that all the possible behaviour is covered. The challenges for future research are to develop morededicated methods for the verification of safety critical automation and safety critical embedded software.
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| 4. |
- Karlsson, Kåre J., et al.
(författare)
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Using shoulder straps decreases heart rate variability and salivary cortisol concentration in Swedish ambulance personnel
- 2016
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Ingår i: SH@W Safety and Health at Work. - : Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute. - 2093-7911 .- 2093-7997. ; 7:1, s. 32-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous research has shown that paramedics are exposed to risks in the form of injuries to the musculoskeletal system. In addition, there are studies showing that they are also at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and psychiatric diseases, which can partly be explained by their constant exposure to stress. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the use of shoulder straps decreases physical effort in the form of decreased heart rate and cortisol concentration.Methods: A stretcher with a dummy was carried by 20 participants for 400 m on two occasions, one with and one without the shoulder straps. Heart rate was monitored continuously and cortisol samples were taken at intervals of 0 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, and 60 minutes. Each participant was her or his own control.Results: A significant decrease in heart rate and cortisol concentration was seen when shoulder straps were used. The median values for men (with shoulder straps) at 0 minutes was 78 bpm/21.1 nmol/L (heart rate/cortisol concentration), at 15 minutes was 85 bpm/16.9 nmol/L, and at 60 minutes was 76 bpm/15.7 nmol/L; for men without shoulder straps, these values were 78 bpm/21.9 nmol/L, 93 bpm/21.9 nmol/L, and 73 bpm/20.5 nmol/L. For women, the values were 85 bpm/23.3 nmol/L, 92 bpm/20.8 nmol/L, and 70 bpm/18.4 nmol/L and 84 bpm/32.4 nmol/L, 100 bpm/32.5 nmol/L, and 75 bpm/25.2 nmol/L, respectively.Conclusion: The use of shoulder straps decreases measurable physical stress and should therefore be implemented when heavy equipment or a stretcher needs to be carried. An easy way to ensure that staff use these or similar lifting AIDS is to provide them with personalized, well-adapted shoulder straps. Another better option would be to routinely sewn these straps into the staff's personal alarm jackets so they are always in place and ready to be used.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Satopää, Jarno, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of intracerebellar haemorrhage: Poor outcome and high long-term mortality.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Surgical neurology international. - : Scientific Scholar. - 2229-5097 .- 2152-7806. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intracerebellar haemorrhage constitutes around 10% of all spontaneous, non-aneurysmal intracerebral haemorrhages (ICHs) and often carries a grim prognosis. In symptomatic patients, surgical evacuation is usually regarded the standard treatment. Our objective was to compare the in-hospital mortality and functional outcome at hospital discharge in either medically or surgically treated patients, and the impact of either treatment on long-term mortality after a cerebellar ICH.An observational, retrospective, single-centre consecutive series of 114 patients with cerebellar ICH. We assessed the effect of different demographic factors on functional outcome and in-hospital mortality using logistic regression. We also divided the patients in medical and surgical treatment groups based on how they had been treated and compared the clinical and radiological parameters, in-hospital, and long-term mortality in the different groups.In our series, 38 patients (33.3%) underwent haematoma evacuation and 76 (66.7%) received medical treatment. Glasgow coma scale <8, blocked quadrigeminal cistern, and severe hydrocephalus were associated with in-hospital death or poor functional outcome at discharge (modified Rankin scale 4-6). Surgically treated patients were younger, had larger haematomas both in volume and diameter, were in a worse clinical condition, and suffered more from hydrocephalus and brainstem compression. There were no statistically significant differences in in-hospital or long-term mortality. However, the surgically treated patients remained in a poor clinical condition.Surgical treatment of cerebellar ICH can be life-saving but often leads to a poor functional outcome. New studies are needed on long-term functional outcome after a cerebellar ICH.
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| 7. |
- Valkonen, J., et al.
(författare)
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Model-Based Analysis of an Arc Protection and an Emergency Cooling System
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Instrumentation and control (I&C) systems play a crucial role in the operation of nuclearpower plants and other safety critical processes. An important change that will be going on inthe near future is the replacement of the old analogue I&C systems by new digitalised ones.The programmable digital logic controllers enable more complicated control tasks than the oldanalogue systems and thus the verification of the control logic designs against safetyrequirements has become more important. In order to diminish the subjective component ofthe evaluation, there is a need to develop new formal verification methods.This report summarizes the work done in the MODSAFE 2007 project on two case studieswhere model checking techniques have been used to study an arc protection system and anemergency cooling system. Model checking tools offer typically a finite state machine basedmodelling language for modelling the system to be verified, a specification language(temporal logic) for expressing the properties to be verified and a set of analysis tools to checkthat the system satisfies the given properties. A state of the art open source model checkingsystem NuSMV was employed and using a reasonable effort it was possible to (i) model bothsystems on an adequate level, (ii) to formulate required safety properties in the specificationlanguage, and (iii) to perform a full verification of the properties using the NuSMV system.This indicates that current model checking techniques are applicable in the analysis of safetyI&C systems in NPPs.
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