| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Krishnan, Jerry A., et al.
(författare)
-
Prevalence and characteristics of asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap in routine primary care practices
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Annals of the American Thoracic Society. - 2325-6621. ; 16:9, s. 1143-1150
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale: Adults may exhibit characteristics of both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a situation recently described as asthma-COPD overlap (ACO). There is a paucity of information about ACO in primary care. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and describe characteristics of individuals withACOin primary care practices among patients currently diagnosed with asthma, COPD, or both; and to compare the prevalence and characteristics of ACO among the three source populations. Methods: The Respiratory Effectiveness Group conducted a crosssectional study of individuals ≥40 years old and with ≥2 outpatient primary care visits over a 2-year period in theUKOptimum Patient Care Research Database. Patients were classified into one of three source populations based on diagnostic codes: 1) COPD only, 2) both asthma and COPD, or 3) asthma only.ACOwas defined as the presence of all of the following 1) age ≥40 years, 2) current or former smoking, 3) postbronchodilator airflow limitation (forced expiratory volume in 1 second/ forced vital capacity <0.7), and 4) ≥12% and ≥200 ml reversibility in post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Results: Among 2,165 individuals (1,015 COPD only, 395 with both asthma and COPD, and 755 asthma only), the overall prevalence of ACO was 20% (95% confidence interval, 18-23%). Patients with ACO had a mean age of 70 years (standard deviation, 11 yr), 60% were men, 73% were former smokers (the rest were current smokers), and 66% were overweight or obese. Comorbid conditions were common in patients with ACO, including diabetes (53%), cardiovascular disease (36%), hypertension (30%), eczema (23%), and rhinitis (21%). The prevalence of ACO was higher in patients with a diagnosis of both asthma and COPD (32%) compared with a diagnosis of COPD only (20%; P<0.001) or asthma only (14%; P<0.001). Demographic and clinical characteristics of ACO varied across these three source populations. Conclusions: One in five individuals with a diagnosis of COPD, asthma, or both asthma and COPD in primary care settings have ACO based on the Respiratory Effectiveness Group ACO Working group criteria. The prevalence and characteristics of patients with ACO varies across the three source populations.
|
|
| 4. |
- Poulakis, K, et al.
(författare)
-
Multi-cohort and longitudinal Bayesian clustering study of stage and subtype in Alzheimer's disease
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1, s. 4566-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding Alzheimer’s disease (AD) heterogeneity is important for understanding the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of AD. However, AD atrophy subtypes may reflect different disease stages or biologically distinct subtypes. Here we use longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging data (891 participants with AD dementia, 305 healthy control participants) from four international cohorts, and longitudinal clustering to estimate differential atrophy trajectories from the age of clinical disease onset. Our findings (in amyloid-β positive AD patients) show five distinct longitudinal patterns of atrophy with different demographical and cognitive characteristics. Some previously reported atrophy subtypes may reflect disease stages rather than distinct subtypes. The heterogeneity in atrophy rates and cognitive decline within the five longitudinal atrophy patterns, potentially expresses a complex combination of protective/risk factors and concomitant non-AD pathologies. By alternating between the cross-sectional and longitudinal understanding of AD subtypes these analyses may allow better understanding of disease heterogeneity.
|
|
| 5. |
- Niimi, Jun, et al.
(författare)
-
Application of sequential and orthogonalised-partial least squares (SO-PLS) regression to predict sensory properties of Cabernet Sauvignon wines from grape chemical composition
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Food Chemistry. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0308-8146 .- 1873-7072. ; 256, s. 195-202
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study determined the applicability of sequential and orthogonalised-partial least squares (SO-PLS) regression to relate Cabernet Sauvignon grape chemical composition to the sensory perception of the corresponding wines. Grape samples (n = 25) were harvested at a similar maturity and vinified identically in 2013. Twelve measures using various (bio)chemical methods were made on grapes. Wines were evaluated using descriptive analysis with a trained panel (n = 10) for sensory profiling. Data was analysed globally using SO-PLS for the entire sensory profiles (SO-PLS2), as well as for single sensory attributes (SO-PLS1). SO-PLS1 models were superior in validated explained variances than SO-PLS2. SO-PLS provided a structured approach in the selection of predictor chemical data sets that best contributed to the correlation of important sensory attributes. This new approach presents great potential for application in other explorative metabolomics studies of food and beverages to address factors such as quality and regional influences
|
|
| 6. |
- Niimi, Jun, et al.
(författare)
-
Linking sensory properties and chemical composition of Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon grape berries to wine
- 2017
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Enology and Viticulture. - : American Society for Enology and Viticulture. - 0002-9254 .- 1943-7749. ; 68:3, s. 357-368
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is conventional wine industry practice for winemakers and grapegrowers to taste winegrapes to determine their fitness for producing various wine styles of different quality. However, the ability to predict wine style from tasting grapes is unverified, and the relationship among the sensory characters of grapes and wine is poorly understood. The objective of the study was to investigate the sensory properties of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and the corresponding wines, and to determine the relationships between the two data sets. Grapes were harvested between 23 and 25 Brix from eight locations across the state of South Australia over two vintages and vinified using a standardized protocol. A total of 25 samples from across the eight locations were harvested for each vintage. The grapes and wines were evaluated by a sensory panel trained in descriptive analysis. Grapes were evaluated using the berry sensory assessment (BSA) methodology previously described in the literature, and the basic chemical parameters of the grapes and wines were measured. Samples were consistently discriminated by their chemical and sensory properties within the grape and by wine data sets across the vintages. Five sensory attributes of wine were consistently modeled with moderate to high regressions using BSA attributes and berry-chemical measures. Finding berry sensory attributes that consistently relate to wine style and profile remains challenging. The basic chemical measures, including Brix, anthocyanins, and chroma of grape homogenates, were reliable contributors to wine sensory attributes for both vintages.
|
|
| 7. |
- Niimi, Jun, et al.
(författare)
-
Linking the sensory properties of chardonnay grape Vitis vinifera cv. Berries to wine characteristics
- 2018
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Enology and Viticulture. - : American Society for Enology and Viticulture. - 0002-9254 .- 1943-7749. ; 69:2, s. 113-124
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Formal or informal sensory analyses of grapes are often used to determine when a parcel of fruit should be harvested to produce a certain wine style. This study investigated whether relationships exist between sensory perceptions and basic chemical measures of Chardonnay grape berries and the corresponding wines. Chardonnay grape parcels were harvested at commercial maturity from across South Australia in vintages 2015 and 2016, yielding a total of 25 and 24 samples, respectively. Grapes were evaluated using berry sensory assessment (BSA) and vinified identically using small-scale winemaking, and the resulting wines were evaluated with descriptive sensory analysis. Sensory assessors were trained in the respective sensory evaluation methods. Chardonnay grape and wine samples were discriminated by the panel according to sensory attributes, and the fruit could also be discriminated by basic chemistry measures. However, differences in Chardonnay wines were subtle compared with those in grapes, as indicated by low effect sizes. Moderate validation models (R2 Val = 0.53 to 0.81) of partial least squares regression (PLSR) 1 were determined in the 2015 vintage, using BSA attributes as x-variables and wine sensory attributes as y-variables, but poor models were obtained with the 2016 vintage (R2 Val < 0.5). In the 2015 models, relationships were found for wine attributes of heat, sourness, and astringency, possibly due to slight variations in ripeness. Strong relationships that revealed wine style from variations in grapes were not found. Overall, relating the sensory characteristics of Chardonnay grapes to the wines was challenging and indicated that variation in style of these varietal wines does not greatly depend on the raw grape material.
|
|
| 8. |
- Niimi, Jun, et al.
(författare)
-
Objective measures of grape quality : From Cabernet Sauvignon grape composition to wine sensory characteristics
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + Technologie. - : Academic Press. - 0023-6438 .- 1096-1127. ; 123
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an investigation of objective measures that link grape composition to wine quality, this study sought to identify Cabernet Sauvignon grape parameters that predict the sensory properties of the corresponding wines. Eleven chemical measures comprising volatile and non-volatile compounds, enzyme activity plus standard industry harvest measurements were applied to grape samples obtained from different regions throughout South Eastern Australia over three vintages. Grapes underwent controlled vinification and the resulting wines evaluated with sensory descriptive analysis. The entire multi-vintage data sets were combined and modelled using a combination of partial least squares (PLS) and sequential and orthogonalised (SO) -PLS regression techniques. Optimal models were obtained with single sensory attributes rather than global modelling with the entire sensory profile. Five grape chemical measures, which in the main were harvest parameters, were used along with colour, total phenolics and tannin, targeted volatiles, and flavonols, and orthogonalised to model 14 sensory attributes of the Cabernet Sauvignon wines. The seven remaining measures were not used due to their poor ability to model wine sensory attributes, with enzyme activity and tannin by HPLC explaining the least. The study revealed new insights into the relationship between grape chemistry and wine sensory characters, which has implications for developing an objective measurement system for determining grape quality.
|
|
| 9. |
- Niimi, Jun, et al.
(författare)
-
Prediction of wine sensory properties using mid-infrared spectra of Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay grape berries and wines
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Food Chemistry. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0308-8146 .- 1873-7072. ; 344
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study determined optimal parameters to four preprocessing techniques for mid-infrared (MIR) spectra of wines and grape berry homogenates and tested MIR's ability to model sensory properties of research Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay wines. Savitsky-Golay (SG) derivative, smoothing points, and polynomial order, and extended multiplicative signal correction (EMSC) polynomial were investigated as preprocessing techniques at 2, 2, 5, and 3 levels, respectively, all in combination. Preprocessed data were analysed with partial least squares regression (PLS) to model the wine sensory data and the regression coefficients of PLS calibration models (R2) were further analysed with multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). SG transformations were significant factors from the MANOVA that influenced R2, while EMSC did not. Overall, PLSR models that predicted wine sensory characteristics gave a poor to moderate R2. Consistently predicting wine sensory attributes within a variety and across vintages is challenging, regardless of using grape or wine spectra as predictors.
|
|
| 10. |
- Schenkel, D., et al.
(författare)
-
Linking soil's volatilome to microbes and plant roots highlights the importance of microbes as emitters of belowground volatile signals
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Environmental Microbiology. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 1462-2912 .- 1462-2920. ; 21:9, s. 3313-3327
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plants and microbes release a plethora of volatiles that act as signals in plant–microbe interactions. Characterizing soil's volatilome and microbiome might shed light on the nature of relevant volatile signals and on their emitters. This hypothesis was tested by characterizing plant cover, soil's volatilome, nutrient content and microbiomes in three grasslands of the Swiss Jura Mountains. The fingerprints of soil's volatiles were generated by solid-phase micro-extraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, whereas high-throughput sequencing was used to create a snapshot of soil's microbial communities. A high similarity was observed in plant communities of two out of three sites, which was mirrored by the soil's volatilome. Multiple factor analysis evidenced a strong association among soil's volatilome, plant and microbial communities. The proportion of volatiles correlated to single bacterial and fungal taxa was higher than for plants. This suggests that those organisms might be major contributors to the volatilome of grassland soils. These findings illustrate that key volatiles in grassland soils might be emitted by a handful of organisms that include specific plants and microbes. Further work will be needed to unravel the structure of belowground volatiles and understand their implications for plant health and development.
|
|
