| 1. |
- Aghaei, Mohammadreza, et al.
(författare)
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Collective Intelligence for Energy Flexibility - Collectief : An EU H2020 Project for Enhancing Energy Efficiency and Flexibility in Existing Buildings
- 2023
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Ingår i: 2023 International Conference on Future Energy Solutions, FES 2023. - 9798350332308
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- COLLECTiEF (Collective Intelligence for Energy Flexibility) is an EU-funded H2020 project running from June 2021 to May 2025. COLLECTiEF aims to enhance, implement, test, and evaluate an interoperable and saleable energy management system based on collective intelligence that allows easy and seamless integration of legacy equipment into a collaborative network within and between existing buildings and urban energy systems with reduced installation cost, data transfer, and computational power while increasing user comfort, energy flexibility, climate resilience, and data security. To achieve this goal, the COLLECTiEF solution requires the development of software and hardware packages to smart up buildings and their legacy equipment on a large scale while maintaining simple and robust communication with the energy grid. Here, we present the project concept, structure, objectives, and working packages. Furthermore, the main progress and achievements obtained during the first two years of the project are presented.
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| 2. |
- Deng, Zhang, et al.
(författare)
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Using urban building energy modeling to quantify the energy performance of residential buildings under climate change
- 2023
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Ingår i: Building Simulation. - 1996-3599. ; 16:9, s. 1629-1643
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The building sector is facing a challenge in achieving carbon neutrality due to climate change and urbanization. Urban building energy modeling (UBEM) is an effective method to understand the energy use of building stocks at an urban scale and evaluate retrofit scenarios against future weather variations, supporting the implementation of carbon emission reduction policies. Currently, most studies focus on the energy performance of archetype buildings under climate change, which is hard to obtain refined results for individual buildings when scaling up to an urban area. Therefore, this study integrates future weather data with an UBEM approach to assess the impacts of climate change on the energy performance of urban areas, by taking two urban neighborhoods comprising 483 buildings in Geneva, Switzerland as case studies. In this regard, GIS datasets and Swiss building norms were collected to develop an archetype library. The building heating energy consumption was calculated by the UBEM tool-AutoBPS, which was then calibrated against annual metered data. A rapid UBEM calibration method was applied to achieve a percentage error of 2.7%. The calibrated models were then used to assess the impacts of climate change using four future weather datasets out of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5). The results showed a decrease of 22%-31% and 21%-29% for heating energy consumption, an increase of 113%-173% and 95%-144% for cooling energy consumption in the two neighborhoods by 2050. The average annual heating intensity dropped from 81 kWh/m 2 in the current typical climate to 57 kWh/m 2 in the SSP5-8.5, while the cooling intensity rose from 12 kWh/m 2 to 32 kWh/m 2. The overall envelope system upgrade reduced the average heating and cooling energy consumption by 41.7% and 18.6%, respectively, in the SSP scenarios. The spatial and temporal distribution of energy consumption change can provide valuable information for future urban energy planning against climate change.
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| 3. |
- Gremmelspacher, Jonas Manuel, et al.
(författare)
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Future climate resilience through informed decision making in retrofitting projects
- 2020
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Ingår i: Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2020 : 20th International Conference, Proceedings - 20th International Conference, Proceedings. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1611-3349 .- 0302-9743. - 9783030588076 - 9783030588083 ; 12251 LNCS, s. 352-364
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- High energy use for space conditioning in residential buildings is a significant economic factor for owners and tenants, but also contributes to resource depletion and carbon emissions due to energy generation. Many existing dwellings should thus be retrofitted in order to fulfil the ambitious EU carbon emission mitigation goals by 2050. To investigate how future climate resilience can be implemented in the design process of retrofitting measures, this study concentrates on real case studies that have been retrofitted during the past decade. The performance of retrofitting measures for four case studies in Denmark and Germany were investigated under future climate projections and compared between the non-retrofitted initial stage of the buildings and the retrofitted stage. Building performance simulations were employed to investigate how severe the effects of climate change until the end of the 21st century on the material choice and system design is. Results show that summertime thermal comfort will be a major challenge in the future. Energy use for space heating was seen to decrease for periods in the future, also the severity of cold events decreased, resulting in a decline of heating peak loads. Additionally, not considering extreme events was proven to lead to miss-dimensioning thermal systems. Overall, the study shows that adaptation of informed decisions, accounting for the uncertainties of future climate, can bring a significant benefit for energy-efficient retrofits, potentially promoting adequate passive measures as well as free cooling to prevent overheating and enhance heat removal.
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| 4. |
- Hosseini, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Collective Intelligence Function in Extreme Weather Conditions : High-Resolution Impact Assessment of Energy Flexibility on Building Energy Performance
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Building Energy and Environment. - 1863-5520 .- 1863-5539. - 9789811998218 ; , s. 1395-1404
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Collective intelligence (CI) in demand-side management (DSM) can enhance the flexibility of urban energy systems. Extreme climates cause intensively high loads on the urban energy systems resulting in power outages. To avoid this, quick responses are needed from buildings to adjust their operation in favor of the grid. Most of the available approaches are computationally expensive. CI-DSM offers a simpler approach that relies on distributed intelligence paradigm. It allows fast and (semi-) autonomous reactions to the continuously changing environment. This research investigates the application of CI-DSM in a residential building in the south of Sweden. The focus of the study is managing the building’s heating demand in an extremely cold winter. Heating setpoint and ventilation rate are defined as the adaptation measures. To activate the system and take an action by the agents, signals of 0/1 with 15-min intervals are sent, when heating demand exceeds the baseline. Managing the performance of buildings using CI-DSM could reduce the heating demand and peak power by 25% and 20%, respectively, over an extreme cold February compared to typical conditions.
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| 5. |
- Hosseini, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Enhancing climate resilience in buildings using Collective Intelligence : A pilot study on a Norwegian elderly care center
- 2024
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - 0378-7788. ; 308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The combined challenge of climate change and population aging requires novel solutions that enhance the resilience of building energy systems and secure indoor comfort for vulnerable occupants in extreme weather conditions. This research investigates the performance of a newly developed Energy Management (EM) system based on Collective Intelligence (CI) and Reinforcement Learning (RL), called CIRLEM, managing the energy performance of an urban complex in Ålesund, Norway, including an elderly care center with decentralized PV generation, EV charging and storage, while connected to a main electricity grid. CIRLEM controls multiple flexibility assets including independent thermal zones (the demand-side agents) and Electric Vehicle (EV) charging stations (the local storage). In a novel approach, CIRLEM coordinates the distributed storage and generation together with the demand side to control energy systems and react collaboratively to environmental variations. Under extreme weather conditions, without applying CIRLEM, the demand can be more than double that of typical weather conditions. The implementation of the double-layer CIRLEM can reduce the total demand by 35 % over a month. Furthermore, the inclusion of photovoltaic (PV) systems allows the system to be independent from the grid for almost 40 % of its operational hours, while adding EV storage can increase it to around 70 %. Finally, the application of CIRLEM reduced overheating hours from 17 h ∙°C to 2 h ∙°C under extreme conditions, while maintaining comfortable conditions even during temperature ramps.
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| 6. |
- Javanroodi, Kavan, et al.
(författare)
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Designing climate resilient energy systems in complex urban areas considering urban morphology : A technical review
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advances in Applied Energy. - 2666-7924. ; 12
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The urban energy infrastructure is facing a rising number of challenges due to climate change and rapid urbanization. In particular, the link between urban morphology and energy systems has become increasingly crucial as cities continue to expand and become more densely populated. Achieving climate neutrality adds another layer of complexity, highlighting the need to address this relationship to develop effective strategies for sustainable urban energy infrastructure. The occurrence of extreme climate events can also trigger cascading failures in the system components, leading to long-lasting blackouts. This review paper thoroughly explores the challenges of incorporating urban morphology into energy system models through a comprehensive literature review and proposes a new framework to enhance the resilience of interconnected systems. The review emphasizes the need for integrated models to provide deeper insights into urban energy systems design and operation and addresses the cascading failures, interconnectivity, and compound impacts of climate change and urbanization on energy systems. It also explores emerging challenges and opportunities, including the requirement for high-quality data, utilization of big data, and integration of advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning in urban energy systems. The proposed framework integrates urban morphology classification, mesoscale and microscale climate data, and a design and operation process to consider the influence of urban morphology, climate variability, and extreme events. Given the prevalence of extreme climate events and the need for climate-resilient strategies, the study underscores the significance of improving energy system models to accommodate future climate variations while recognizing the interconnectivity within urban infrastructure.
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| 7. |
- Javanroodi, Kavan, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Resilient Interconnected Urban Infrastructures : The Nexus Between Energy System, Urban Morphology, and Transportation Network
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Building Energy and Environment. - 1863-5539 .- 1863-5520. - 9789811998218 ; , s. 2739-2749
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Compound optimization of distributed energy systems, urban morphology, and the transportation network is crucial to improving the robustness of interconnected urban energy infrastructures and enhancing their resilience to extreme climate events. Available methods and tools mainly focus on optimizing one component in urban areas and fail to consider complex interactions in interconnected infrastructures. This study introduces a compound optimization methodology that optimizes the energy system in connection with urban morphology and electric vehicle (EV) charging demands. In this regard, the energy demand of five multi-functional urban neighborhoods is assessed and optimized considering 13 climate scenarios (2010–2099). Results showed a significant improvement in autonomy level and a notable reduction of infrastructure costs (over 40%) by linking these three sectors. It is also shown that energy demand can increase up to 17% in extreme weather conditions, leading to over 30% infrastructure costs.
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| 8. |
- Mata, Érika, et al.
(författare)
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Economic feasibility of building retrofitting mitigation potentials : Climate change uncertainties for Swedish cities
- 2019
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 242, s. 1022-1035
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deep and rapid decarbonization of the building sector requires energy demand reductions and the incorporation of renewable-energy sources. Energy retrofitting of existing buildings is a central strategy in climate mitigation and has often been highlighted as a cost-effective strategy. However, decisions on these strategies are often hampered by modeling assessments that are limited by contextual, methodological, parametric, input, or output constraints. Here, we present a novel methodology to investigate the solid economic feasibility in building retrofit evaluations with mitigation measures. We first calculate the variations in the energy saving potentials and costs for 13 energy saving measures and five climate change scenarios. We then compare the obtained uncertainty due to a changing climate to other uncertainties, such as the boundaries for emission inventories and energy system development. Four cities in Sweden are modeled, which are responsible for half of the country's residential energy use. We find that the profitability of the retrofitting actions is primarily determined based on the annualized investments and energy saving potentials. Future climate has a less determinant role, with uncertainties similar to those of future consumer price development and fuel emission factors. Retrofits that only affect the energy need for space heating are more robust than changes in electricity usage. We conclude that strategies for building retrofitting should focus on prioritizing energy savings and mobilizing investments that may not be profitable based on the current techno-economic perspective.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Nik, Vahid M., et al.
(författare)
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An analytical method for calculating the thermal conductivity of a twin pipe in district heating system
- 2014
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Ingår i: ; , s. 517-524
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper a simple analytical method is introduced for calculating the overall thermal conductivity of a twin pipe in district heating network. The method is developed based on calculating the conductive and convective heat transfer around the casing pipe in different perimetral sections. Temperature inside the supply and return pipes and also over the heating pipe is measured on different points. These data are imported to a computer program which was written to calculate the heat loss and the total conductivity of the heating pipe. The method has shown good agreement with measurements and it is simple and quick enough in calculating the thermal conductivity of asymmetric- geometries and their temperature distribution. The method is capable to make calculations for more complicated geometries, such as heating pipes with heterogeneous insulating materials.
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