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- Gamborg, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Birth weight and systolic blood pressure in adolescence and adulthood : meta-regression analysis of sex- and age-specific results from 20 Nordic studies
- 2007
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Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 166:6, s. 634-645
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The authors investigated the shape, sex- and age-dependency, and possible confounding of the association between birth weight and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in 197,954 adults from 20 Nordic cohorts (birth years 1910-1987), one of which included 166,249 Swedish male conscripts. Random-effects meta-regression analyses were performed on estimates obtained from age- and sex-stratified analyses within each of the cohorts. There was an inverse association between birth weight and SBP, irrespective of adjustment for concurrent body mass index. The association was linear for males, but for females with a birth weight greater than 4 kg, SBP increased with birth weight (p < 0.01). The association was stronger in the older age groups (p < 0.05), although this could have been a birth cohort effect. The association was stronger among females than among males (p = 0.005) when birth weight was less than or equal to 4 kg. The estimated effect of birth weight on SBP at age 50 years was -1.52 mmHg/kg (95% confidence interval: -2.27, -0.77) in men and -2.80 mmHg/kg (95% confidence interval: -3.85, -1.76) in women. Exclusion of the Swedish conscripts produced nearly identical results. This meta-analysis supports the evidence of an inverse birth weight-SBP association, regardless of adjustment for concurrent body size. It also reveals important heterogeneity in the shape and strength of the association by sex and age.
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Bengtsson, Calle, 1934, et al.
(författare)
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Body configuration as a predictor of mortality: comparison of five anthropometric measures in a 12 year follow-up of the Norwegian HUNT 2 study
- 2011
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 6:10, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Distribution of body fat is more important than the amount of fat as a prognostic factor for life expectancy. Despite that, body mass index (BMI) still holds its status as the most used indicator of obesity in clinical work. Methods We assessed the association of five different anthropometric measures with mortality in general and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in particular using Cox proportional hazards models. Predictive properties were compared by computing integrated discrimination improvement and net reclassification improvement for two different prediction models. The measures studied were BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). The study population was a prospective cohort of 62,223 Norwegians, age 20–79, followed up for mortality from 1995–1997 to the end of 2008 (mean follow-up 12.0 years) in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT 2). Results After adjusting for age, smoking and physical activity WHR and WHtR were found to be the strongest predictors of death. Hazard ratios (HRs) for CVD mortality per increase in WHR of one standard deviation were 1.23 for men and 1.27 for women. For WHtR, these HRs were 1.24 for men and 1.23 for women. WHR offered the greatest integrated discrimination improvement to the prediction models studied, followed by WHtR and waist circumference. Hip circumference was in strong inverse association with mortality when adjusting for waist circumference. In all analyses, BMI had weaker association with mortality than three of the other four measures studied. Conclusions Our study adds further knowledge to the evidence that BMI is not the most appropriate measure of obesity in everyday clinical practice. WHR can reliably be measured and is as easy to calculate as BMI and is currently better documented than WHtR. It appears reasonable to recommend WHR as the primary measure of body composition and obesity.
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| 6. |
- Bengtsson, Calle, 1934, et al.
(författare)
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Is the use of cholesterol in mortality risk algorithms in clinical guidelines valid? Ten years prospective data from the Norwegian HUNT 2 study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. - : Wiley. - 1356-1294. ; 18:1, s. 159-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale, aims and objectives Many clinical guidelines for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention contain risk estimation charts/calculators. These have shown a tendency to overestimate risk, which indicates that there might be theoretical flaws in the algorithms. Total cholesterol is a frequently used variable in the risk estimates. Some studies indicate that the predictive properties of cholesterol might not be as straightforward as widely assumed. Our aim was to document the strength and validity of total cholesterol as a risk factor for mortality in a well-defined, general Norwegian population without known CVD at baseline. Methods We assessed the association of total serum cholesterol with total mortality, as well as mortality from CVD and ischaemic heart disease (IHD), using Cox proportional hazard models. The study population comprises 52 087 Norwegians, aged 20–74, who participated in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT 2, 1995–1997) and were followed-up on cause-specific mortality for 10 years (510 297 person-years in total). Results Among women, cholesterol had an inverse association with all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR): 0.94; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.89–0.99 per 1.0 mmol L−1 increase] as well as CVD mortality (HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.88–1.07). The association with IHD mortality (HR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.92–1.24) was not linear but seemed to follow a ‘U-shaped’ curve, with the highest mortality <5.0 and ≥7.0 mmol L−1. Among men, the association of cholesterol with mortality from CVD (HR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.98–1.15) and in total (HR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.93–1.03) followed a ‘U-shaped’ pattern. Conclusion Our study provides an updated epidemiological indication of possible errors in the CVD risk algorithms of many clinical guidelines. If our findings are generalizable, clinical and public health recommendations regarding the ‘dangers’ of cholesterol should be revised. This is especially true for women, for whom moderately elevated cholesterol (by current standards) may prove to be not only harmless but even beneficial.
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| 7. |
- Ebbesson, Lars O. E., et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to continuous light disrupts retinal innervation of the preoptic nucleus during parr-smolt transformation in Atlantic salmon
- 2007
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Ingår i: Aquaculture. - : Elsevier BV. - 0044-8486 .- 1873-5622. ; 273:2-3, s. 345-349
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- High quality salmon smolts are essential for aquaculture, enhancement programs and wild populations. However, intensification of aquaculture smolt production and changes in natural habitats can cause sub-optimal environmental conditions, which may result in poor smolt quality. The salmon brain, as the integrator of environmental information, plays a focal role in relaying this information through the light-brain-pituitary axis, which includes retinal and pineal innervation of the hypothalamus. Here we investigated the effect of rearing juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, under constant light (LL) on optic nerve fiber growth into the hypothalamus. This was compared with the normal increased fiber growth in fish reared under a simulated-natural photoperiod (LDN). Parr were sampled from the LDN group in February and from the LDN and LL groups in May (peak smolt status for the LDN group). Retinohypothalamic projections to the preoptic area were traced using 1, 1'-dioctadecyl-3,3, 3,3-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Data showed that parr exposed to LL did not develop the same extensive retinal innervation to the preoptic nucleus (NPO) observed in control salmon smolts raised under LDN. Since the cells in NPO are central pituitary regulatory neurones, the increased retinohypothalamic innervation during normal smoltification may be responsible for the increased endocrine response to photoperiod information. The deprivation of photoperiod information, during continuous light exposure, may inhibit the natural developmental program to proceed during the parr-smolt transformation. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Hansson, Lars-Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison between Chicken and Rabbit Antibody Based Particle Enhanced Cystatin C Reagents for Immunoturbidimetry
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1532-1819 .- 1532-4230. ; 29:1, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have compared three commercial particle enhanced cystatin C reagents. One of the reagents utilizes chicken antibodies and the other two reagents are rabbit antibody based. We show that the chicken antibody based reagent yields a higher delta absorbance when reacting with the antigen. IgY coupled to latex particles show a strong scatter response even at high antigen concentrations in contrast to the steep decline in scatter previously reported for IgY antibodies in solution. The reagent also showed a low CV for duplicate samples. Laying hens thus seems as an interesting source of antibodies for particle-enhanced immunoassays.
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