| 1. |
- Andersson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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A transcriptional timetable of autumn senescence
- 2004
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Ingår i: Genome Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-6906 .- 1474-760X. ; 5:4, s. R24-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background We have developed genomic tools to allow the genus Populus (aspens and cottonwoods) to be exploited as a full-featured model for investigating fundamental aspects of tree biology. We have undertaken large-scale expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing programs and created Populus microarrays with significant gene coverage. One of the important aspects of plant biology that cannot be studied in annual plants is the gene activity involved in the induction of autumn leaf senescence. Results On the basis of 36,354 Populus ESTs, obtained from seven cDNA libraries, we have created a DNA microarray consisting of 13,490 clones, spotted in duplicate. Of these clones, 12,376 (92%) were confirmed by resequencing and all sequences were annotated and functionally classified. Here we have used the microarray to study transcript abundance in leaves of a free-growing aspen tree (Populus tremula) in northern Sweden during natural autumn senescence. Of the 13,490 spotted clones, 3,792 represented genes with significant expression in all leaf samples from the seven studied dates. Conclusions We observed a major shift in gene expression, coinciding with massive chlorophyll degradation, that reflected a shift from photosynthetic competence to energy generation by mitochondrial respiration, oxidation of fatty acids and nutrient mobilization. Autumn senescence had much in common with senescence in annual plants; for example many proteases were induced. We also found evidence for increased transcriptional activity before the appearance of visible signs of senescence, presumably preparing the leaf for degradation of its components.
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| 2. |
- Ewald, Jonas, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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A strategic conflict analysis for the Great Lakes region
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to give some input to the preparation process of a new regional strategy for Swedish international development co- operation in the Great Lakes region. The report draws on a number of field visits carried out from May to November 2003. Extensive reviews of secondary material were also conducted. The report is organised in a three sections: the first section with an intro- duction and theoretical point of departure and an overview of the major sources of conflicts on the regional level, a chapter on regional conflict resolu- tions mechanisms and lastly a chapter outlining crosscutting issues from the country analyses; the second section consists of a chapter on scenarios and a chapter on policy recommendations; the third section consists of country analyses of Rwanda, Burundi, DRC, Uganda and Kenya. In the country analyses, we show the major structural, proxy and triggering factors behind the current conflict configuration. The country analyses constitute the stepping- stone for the crosscutting issues and regional analysis in section two. The overall conclusion of our work is that the peace process has taken some very important steps forward during 2003. Both the governments of the region, and the international donors display a commitment to peace and development. Despite certain local outbreaks of violence in more than one of the countries, the generalised violence has come to a halt. However, this situation cannot be taken for granted, and there are still risks for reversals. It is this perspective the future role of the international community must be seen. Among the concepts included in our theoretical points of departure are the well-known distinction between direct violence and structural violence. The present military situation, with fading expres- sions of violence, means that direct violence in the region is fading, while there are still no signs of any coherent strategy for what we have chosen to call structural violence reduction. Thus, first and foremost, the international donors should at all costs promote a development strategy which is based the immediate need to direct all efforts to reduce the structural violence in the region. Basically, this is about dealing with people’s basic needs satisfaction. Without this, huge amounts of people, not least young people, in the region will continue to be vulnerable and receptive for any kind of mobilisation to renewed direct violence.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Ewald, Jonas, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Strategic conflict analysis: Lake Victoria region
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall objective of the Strategic Conflict Analysis of the Lake Victoria is to deepen Sidas understanding of potential and ongoing conflicts, with the aim of strengthening Sida's ability to contribute to conflict management responses in the regions. The analysis includes an overview of the regional conflict context in order to identify current trends within the regions and map out conflict related risks and opportunities for promoting peace, with a view to outlining a number of options for Sida's work in the future.
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| 5. |
- Nilsson, Joacim, et al.
(författare)
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Differentiation-associated redox-regulation in human B cell lines from stem cell/pro-B to plasma cell
- 2004
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Ingår i: Immunology Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-2478 .- 1879-0542. ; 94:1-2, s. 83-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Redox-regulation of receptors and transcription factors are important for lymphocyte activation, differentiation and apoptosis. Thioredoxin (Trx) is a key redox-regulating protein and oxidative stress sensor operating in synergy with Trx-reductase and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). The expression of Trx, PDI, and the Trx-regulated transcription-factor Pax5 were analyzed in a panel of human B cell lines and were compared with that of the Bcl-2 family proteins, also redox-controlled. The panel included representative cells from various stages: FLEB14-4 (pro-B), REH and NALM-6 (pre-B), Rael and Daudi (small mature B), U-698 and NC0467.3 (B-blasts), LP-1, U-1996, and U-266 (plasma cells). We found a significant congruence and co-variation of Trx and Bcl-2 levels in the B-lineage, with high expression levels in early stages (pro-B and pre-B) and in the late stage representing terminally-differentiated plasma cells, whereas mid-stage small resting B cells showed a very low expression. PDI increased significantly in plasma-blasts and plasma cells, indicating its importance in the highly specialized immunoglobulin assembly-machinery, including disulfide-bond isomerization. Pax5 was expressed in early and mid-stages, but was silenced in terminal stages. We conclude that the high Trx and Bcl-2-expression early and late in the B cell maturation pathway reflects a redox-strategy favoring an increased survival potential of the B cells at those stages. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Nilsson, J, et al.
(författare)
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Thioredoxin prolongs survival of B-type chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells
- 2000
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Ingår i: Blood. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 95:4, s. 1420-1426
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thioredoxin (Trx) is a ubiquitous protein disulfide oxidoreductase with antioxidant, cytokine, and chemotactic properties. Previously, we showed that Trx, in synergy with interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a), and CD40-ligation induced S-phase entry and mitosis in normal B cells and B-type chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells. The viability of B-CLL cells stimulated by these protocols is high, and it has been hypothesized that the overexpression of Bcl-2 found in B-CLL protects the cells from apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we have analyzed the response of cells derived from 12 samples of patients with B-CLL to recombinant human Trx in spontaneous apoptosis, with special reference to the Bcl-2 expression. Long-term cultures of B-CLL clones showed significantly higher viability when supplemented with human Trx (P = .031), also exemplified with clones surviving more than 2 months. Short-term cultures of B-CLL cells exposed to 1 ╡g/mL of Trx for 1,5, or 12 days maintained expression or delayed down-regulation of Bcl-2 compared with control cultures containing RPMI 1640 medium and 10% fetal calf serum only (P = .032, .002, .026, respectively). All B-CLL cells expressed constitutive Trx at varying but low levels. In contrast to adult T-cell leukemias, which overexpress Trx, as previously reported. We found that Trx added to B-CLL cells increased in a dose-dependent fashion the release of TNF-a, which has been suggested to be an autocrine growth factor for these cells. In conclusion, we have found that human recombinant Trx induced TNF-a secretion, maintained Bcl-2, and reduced apoptosis in B-CLL cells.
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| 7. |
- Thune, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Raised pressure in the bile ducts after orthotopic liver transplantation.
- 1994
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Ingår i: Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation. - 0934-0874. ; 7:4, s. 243-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biliary complications are common after orthotopic liver transplantation. Bile leakage in the immediate postoperative period and on removal of the T-tube could possibly be caused by a raised bile duct pressure. In order to test this hypothesis, bile duct pressure was studied in seven consecutive liver transplant patients. During the operation, the common bile duct was anastomosed end-to-end over a T-tube. The initial bile duct pressure measurement was performed a median of 12 days (range 10-17 days) after the transplantation and on one or two more occasions during the following 3 months. Seven cholecystectomized gallstone patients with indwelling T-tubes were used as controls. The bile duct pressure at the level of the xiphoid process in the transplanted group was 7.7 +/- 1.4 cm H2O and in the control group 0.5 +/- 0.8 cm H2O (P < 0.001). The initially increased bile duct pressure after liver transplantation decreased with time (P < 0.05) towards normal during the following 3 months. The raised pressure may increase the risk of bile leakage in the postoperative period.
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| 8. |
- Ulfarsson, Trandur, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Ten-year mortality after severe traumatic brain injury in western Sweden: A case control study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Brain Injury. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0269-9052 .- 1362-301X. ; 28:13-14, s. 1675-1681
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Primary objective: Life expectancy may be substantially reduced for many years after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study investigated the patterns of the short-and long-term all-cause mortality and the rates of primary causes of death in patients with severe TBI. Subjects: This study was of 166 consecutive patients (6-82 years) with severe TBI admitted to Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden, from 1999-2002. The control group consisted of 809 subjects from the community, matched to the TBI cohort for age, gender and postcode area at the time of the injury. Methods: Survival outcome and cause of death were ascertained 10 years after the injury from the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare register. The cumulative death rates and causes of death in cases and controls were compared. Results: The risk of death was increased for at least 10 years after severe TBI. The distribution of the causes of deaths differed between cases and controls in the first year of follow-up, but not between 1-year survivors and controls. Conclusion: Further research will be required to determine how to improve treatment so as to lower late mortality among survivors of severe TBI.
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| 9. |
- Wängberg, Bo, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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The long-term survival in adrenocortical carcinoma with active surgical management and use of monitored mitotane.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Endocrine-related cancer. - 1479-6821. ; 17:1, s. 265-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare tumour disease with sinister prognosis also after attempts to radical surgery; better prognosis is seen for low-stage tumours. Adjuvant treatment with the adrenolytic drug mitotane has been attempted, but not proven to prevent from recurrence. The drug may offer survival advantage in case of recurrence. The aim of this single-centre study (1979-2007) of 43 consecutive patients was to evaluate the long-term survival after active surgical treatment combined with monitored mitotane (to reduce side effects of the drug). The series is unique, since all patients were offered a period of mitotane as adjuvant or palliative treatment; six patients refused mitotane. Despite a high proportion of high-stage tumours (67%), the complete resection rate was high (77%). The disease-specific 5-year survival was high (64.1%); very high for patients with low-stage tumours without evident relation to mitotane levels. Patients with high-stage tumours had a clear survival advantage with mitotane levels above a threshold of 14 mg/l in serum. The hazard ratio for patients with high mitotane levels versus all patients indicates a significant effect of the drug. The results indicate that adjuvant mitotane may be the standard of care for patients with high-stage ACC after complete resection.
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| 10. |
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