| 1. |
- Dalenbäck, Jan-Olof, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Åtgärder för ökad energieffektivsering i bebyggelse
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Energikommissionens betänkande ”Omställning av energisystemet” visade 1995 på en förhållandevis stor teknisk-ekonomisk potential att minska såväl den totala (TWh/år) som den specifika energianvändningen (kWh/m²/år) i bebyggelsen. En sådan utveckling förutsätter dock att nya byggnader som uppförs har lägre energibehov än befintliga samtidigt som energianvändningen i befintliga byggnader reduceras. Nya byggnaders energibehov bestäms främst av gällande regler för bygglov medan förutsättningarna för energieffektiviseringsåtgärder i befintliga byggnader är bäst i samband med underhålls- och renoveringsåtgärder. Trots något bättre ekonomiska förutsättningar än vad man antog i Energikommissionens betänkande, visar en utvärdering att det inte skett någon egentlig minskning av den specifika energianvändningen från 1993 till 2003. Sammantaget beror detta på en låg politisk ambition (ingen skärpning av krav med avseende på energianvändning i byggnader) och en generellt sett låg acceptans för energieffektivisering hos fastighetsägare (brist på incitament att minska energianvändningen). Med en uttalad ambition att erhålla en ökad energieffektivisering i bebyggelsen krävs därför en väsentlig skärpning av de krav som påverkar energianvändningen samtidigt som energieffektivisering måste stimuleras på ett mer påtagligt sätt. Ett system med kontinuerligt skärpta krav tillsammans med fastighetsekonomiska fördelar med låg energianvändning bör på sikt leda till en väsentlig energieffektivisering i bebyggelsen. Vi föreslår införande av krav med avseende på byggnaders energiprestanda vid ny- och ombyggnad och en skärpt uppföljning av desamma med hjälp av energideklarationer i anslutning till införandet av EG-direktivet om byggnaders energiprestanda. I sammanhanget föreslås dessutom tvingande krav i anslutning till befintliga byggnader med sämst energiprestanda. Vidare förslås att energieffektivisering stimuleras med riktade informationsinsatser till småhusägare respektive större fastighetsförvaltare tillsammans med införande av ett system för klassning av byggnader bland annat baserat på energiprestanda.
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| 2. |
- Johansson, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Atrial function after left atrial epicardial cryoablation for atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology. - : Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. - 1383-875X .- 1572-8595. ; 33:1, s. 85-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To explore the effects on atrial and ventricular function of restoring sinus rhythm (SR) after epicardial cryoablation and closure of the left atrial appendage (LAA) in patients with mitral valve disease and atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing surgery.METHODS: Sixty-five patients with permanent AF were randomized to mitral valve surgery combined with left atrial epicardial cryoablation and LAA closure (ABL group, n = 30) or to mitral valve surgery alone (control group, n = 35). Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography were performed before and 6 months after surgery.RESULTS: At 6 months, 73% of the patients in the ABL group and 46% of the controls were in SR. Patients in SR at 6 months had a reduction in their left ventricular diastolic diameter while the left ventricular ejection fraction was unchanged. In patients remaining in AF, the left ventricular ejection fraction was lower than at baseline. The left atrial diastolic volume was reduced after surgery, more in patients with SR than AF. In patients in SR, the peak velocity during the atrial contraction and the reservoir function were lower in the ABL group than in the control group.CONCLUSIONS: In patients in SR, signs of atrial dysfunction were observed in the ABL but not the control group. Atrial dysfunction may have existed before surgery, but the difference between the groups implies that the cryoablation procedure and/or closure of the LAA might have contributed.
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| 3. |
- Kiffin, Roberta, et al.
(författare)
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Anti-Leukemic Properties of Histamine in Monocytic Leukemia: The Role of NOX2
- 2018
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Oncology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2234-943X. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), treatment with histamine dihydrochloride (HDC) and low-dose IL-2 (HDC/ IL-2) in the post-chemotherapy phase has been shown to reduce the incidence of leukemic relapse. The clinical benefit of HDC/ IL-2 is pronounced in monocytic forms of AML, where the leukemic cells express histamine type 2 receptors (H2R) and the NAPDH oxidase-2 (NOX2). HDC ligates to H(2)Rs to inhibit NOX2-derived formation of reactive oxygen species, but details regarding the anti-leukemic actions of HDC remain to be elucidated. Here, we report that human NOX2(+) myelomonocytic/monocytic AML cell lines showed increased expression of maturation markers along with reduced leukemic cell proliferation after exposure to HDC in vitro. These effects of HDC were absent in corresponding leukemic cells genetically depleted of NOX2 (NOX2(-/-)). We also observed that exposure to HDC altered the expression of genes involved in differentiation and cell cycle progression in AML cells and that these effects required the presence of NOX2. HDC promoted the differentiation also of primary monocytic, but not non-monocytic, AML cells in vitro. In a xenograft model, immunodeficient NOG mice were inoculated with wild-type or NOX2(-/-) human monocytic AML cells and treated with HDC in vivo. The administration of HDC reduced the in vivo expansion of NOX2(+/+), but not of NOX2(-/-) human monocytic AML cells. We propose that NOX2 may be a conceivable target in the treatment of monocytic AML.
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| 4. |
- Lindh, Magnus, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic tailoring of treatment durations improves efficiency of hepatitis C treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Viral Hepatitis. - : Wiley. - 1352-0504 .- 1365-2893. ; 20:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The treatment durations for hepatitis C are guided by the analysis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in blood at certain time points. This multicentre, randomized open label trial evaluated the utility and performance of individualized treatment durations guided by viral decline rates in 103 patients with HCV genotype 1 infection. Pegylated interferon 2a and ribavirin were given as standard of care (SOC) for 24, 48 or 72 weeks or as dynamic treatment (DT) for 24–72 weeks. The DT duration was based on the time point when log HCV RNA would reach 0 log copies/mL, as estimated by the second-phase decline. The rate of sustained virologic response was 63% for SOC and 54% for DT, but this difference was not significant in multiple regression analysis taking predictive factors such as interleukin-28B genotypes, age and baseline viremia into account (P = 0.45). The mean required treatment time per cured patient was 51 weeks for DT as compared with 58 weeks for SOC (P = 0.22) when given per protocol (n = 95) and was significantly shorter (42 vs 51 weeks) among patients who achieved undetectable HCV RNA (P = 0.01). We conclude that DT was feasible and increased efficiency. The estimated time point for 0 log viral copies/mL is a new and quantitative response variable, which may be used as a complement to the qualitative variable rapid virologic response. The outcome parameter treatment weeks per cured patient could become a useful tool for comparing treatment efficiency also in the era of directly acting antivirals.
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| 5. |
- Lindh, Magnus, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Hepatitis C treatment response kinetics and impact of baseline predictors.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Viral Hepatitis. - : Wiley. - 1365-2893 .- 1352-0504. ; 18:6, s. 400-407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Summary. The optimal duration of treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections is highly variable but critical for achieving cure (sustained virological response, SVR). We prospectively investigated the impact of age, fibrosis, baseline viraemia and genotype on the early viral kinetics and treatment outcome. Patients treated with peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin in standard dosing were included: 49 with genotype 1 treated for 48 weeks and 139 with genotype 2 or 3 treated for 24 weeks. The reduced SVR rates in patients older than 45 years, with severe liver fibrosis or pretreatment viraemia above 400 000 IU/mL were strongly associated with slower second phase declines of HCV RNA. Genotype 2/3 infections responded more rapidly than genotype 1, reaching week 4 negativity (RVR) in 59%vs 22%. We conclude that baseline response predictors such as age, fibrosis and viral load were well reflected by the early viral kinetics as assessed by repeated HCV RNA quantifications. The kinetic patterns and the high relapse rate in genotype 2/3 patients without RVR suggest that this group might benefit from treatment durations longer than 24 weeks.
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| 6. |
- Lindh, Magnus, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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IL28B polymorphisms determine early viral kinetics and treatment outcome in patients receiving peginterferon/ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C genotype 1
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Viral Hepatitis. - : Wiley. - 1352-0504 .- 1365-2893. ; 18:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) upstream of IL28B predict the outcome of treatment in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but their impact on viral kinetics and relation to other predictors are not well known. Here, two SNPs, rs12979860 and rs8099917, were analysed and related to early viral kinetics during treatment in 110 patients with HCV genotype 1 infection. The reduction of HCV RNA after 7days of therapy was more pronounced (P<0.0001) in patients with CC(rs12979860) or TT(rs8099917) than in patients carrying TT(rs12979860) or GG(rs8099917), respectively. The two SNPs were in linkage disequilibrium (d' =1, r2 = 0.44), but CC(rs12979860) was less common (43% vs. 71%) than TT(rs8099917). Patients carrying both CC(rs12979860) and TT(rs8099917) genotypes achieved lower levels of HCV RNA at week 4 than those with CT or TT at rs12979860 and TT(rs8099917) (P=0.0004). The viral elimination was significantly influenced by rs12979860 independently of baseline viral load, age or fibrosis. This translated into high rates of sustained viral response (SVR) among patients carrying CC(rs12979860) despite the presence of high viral load at baseline (SVR 74%), high age (SVR 79%) or severe liver fibrosis (SVR 83%). We conclude that the IL28B variability influences the antiviral efficiency of interferon/ribavirin therapy and has a strong impact on SVR, independently of traditional response predictors. A combined assessment of these SNPs in conjunction with other response predictors may better predict outcome in difficult-to-treat patients.
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| 7. |
- Pettersson, Bertil, 1941, et al.
(författare)
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Kravnivåer för energihushållning - Konsekvenser av skärpning av krav för energihushållning i revidering av byggregler
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Miljö- och samhällsbyggnadsdepartementet har uppdragit åt Chalmers EnergiCentrum (CEC) att analysera konsekvenserna av en eventuell skärpning av kravnivåerna avseende energihushållning i avsnitt 9 om Energihushållning i Boverkets förslag till reviderade byggregler. Uppdraget skall belysa dessa frågor:• Hur energieffektivt byggs det idag uppdelat i småhus, flerbostadshus och lokaler?• Vad är tekniskt möjligt och vilka tekniska lösningar krävs det för att komma ner till en viss nivå i kWh/m2?• Hur påverkar en skärpning av kravnivåerna elbehovet?• Vilka samhällsekonomiska konsekvenser för en eventuell skärpning av kravnivåerna med sig?En sammanvägd analys skall göras av vilka krav på energihushållning som är rimliga att ställa vid nybyggnad utifrån tekniska och samhällsekonomiska aspekter, och om kraven bör formuleras olika för olika byggnadskategorier.I uppdraget ingår också en analys av i Ds 2005:51 föreslaget mål om energieffektivisering i bebyggelsen utifrån potentialbedömningen i Chalmers rapport Åtgärder för ökad energieffektivisering i bebyggelsen.Uppdraget har utförts under tiden från mitten av december 2005 till 2006-01-10. Uppdragets begränsade tid och omfattning innebär att de aktuella frågorna inte kunnat belysas i detalj, utan de behandlas mer översiktligt och baserat på den kunskap som finns tillgänglig.
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| 8. |
- Ringlander, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Hepatitis B virus particles in serum contain minus strand DNA and degraded pregenomic RNA of variable and inverse lengths
- 2024
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Ingår i: LIVER INTERNATIONAL. - 1478-3223 .- 1478-3231.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study utilized digital PCR to quantify HBV RNA and HBV DNA within three regions of the HBV genome. Analysis of 75 serum samples from patients with chronic infection showed that HBV RNA levels were higher in core than in S and X regions (median 7.20 vs. 6.80 and 6.58 log copies/mL; p < .0001), whereas HBV DNA levels showed an inverse gradient (7.71 vs. 7.73 and 7.77 log copies/mL, p < .001). On average 80% of the nucleic acid was DNA by quantification in core. The core DNA/RNA ratio was associated with viral load and genotype. In individual patients, the relations between RNA levels in core, S and X were stable over time (n = 29; p = .006). The results suggest that pregenomic RNA is completely reverse transcribed to minus DNA in approximate to 75% of the virus particles, whereas the remaining 25% contain both RNA and DNA of lengths that reflect variable progress of the polymerase.
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| 9. |
- Sundström, Johan, Professor, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for subarachnoid haemorrhage : a nationwide cohort of 950 000 adults
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 48:6, s. 2018-2025
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating disease, with high mortality rate and substantial disability among survivors. Its causes are poorly understood. We aimed to investigate risk factors for SAH using a novel nationwide cohort consortium.METHODS: We obtained individual participant data of 949 683 persons (330 334 women) between 25 and 90 years old, with no history of SAH at baseline, from 21 population-based cohorts. Outcomes were obtained from the Swedish Patient and Causes of Death Registries.RESULTS: During 13 704 959 person-years of follow-up, 2659 cases of first-ever fatal or non-fatal SAH occurred, with an age-standardized incidence rate of 9.0 [95% confidence interval (CI) (7.4-10.6)/100 000 person-years] in men and 13.8 [(11.4-16.2)/100 000 person-years] in women. The incidence rate increased exponentially with higher age. In multivariable-adjusted Poisson models, marked sex interactions for current smoking and body mass index (BMI) were observed. Current smoking conferred a rate ratio (RR) of 2.24 (95% CI 1.95-2.57) in women and 1.62 (1.47-1.79) in men. One standard deviation higher BMI was associated with an RR of 0.86 (0.81-0.92) in women and 1.02 (0.96-1.08) in men. Higher blood pressure and lower education level were also associated with higher risk of SAH.CONCLUSIONS: The risk of SAH is 45% higher in women than in men, with substantial sex differences in risk factor strengths. In particular, a markedly stronger adverse effect of smoking in women may motivate targeted public health initiatives.
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| 10. |
- von Otter, Malin, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Nrf2-encoding NFE2L2 haplotypes influence disease progression but not risk in Alzheimer's disease and age-related cataract
- 2010
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Ingår i: Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 0047-6374 .- 1872-6216. ; 131:2, s. 105-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-related cataract, disorders characterized by protein aggregation causing late-onset disease, both involve oxidative stress. We hypothesize that common variants of NFE2L2 and KEAP1, the genes encoding the main regulators of the Nrf2 system, an important defence system against oxidative stress, may influence risk of AD and/or age-related cataract. This case-control study combines an AD material (725 cases and 845 controls), and a cataract material (489 cases and 182 controls). Genetic variation in NFE2L2 and KEAP1 was tagged by eight and three tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), respectively. Single SNPs and haplotypes were analyzed for associations with disease risk, age parameters, MMSE and AD cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. NFE2L2 and KEAP1 were not associated with risk of AD or cataract. However, one haplotype allele of NFE2L2 was associated with 2 years earlier age at AD onset (pc 0.013) and 4 years earlier age at surgery for posterior subcapsular cataract (p(c) = 0.019). Another haplotype of NFE2L2 was associated with 4 years later age at surgery for cortical cataract (p(c) = 0.009). Our findings do not support NFE2L2 or KEAP1 as susceptibility genes for AD or cataract. However, common variants of the NFE2L2 gene may affect disease progression, potentially altering clinically recognized disease onset. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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