| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Fowler, D., et al.
(författare)
-
Atmospheric composition change : Ecosystems-Atmosphere interactions
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310 .- 1873-2844. ; 43:33, s. 5193-5267
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ecosystems and the atmosphere: This review describes the state of understanding the processes involved in the exchange of trace gases and aerosols between the earth's surface and the atmosphere. The gases covered include NO, NO2, HONO, HNO3, NH3, SO2, DMS, Biogenic VOC, O-3, CH4, N2O and particles in the size range 1 nm-10 mu m including organic and inorganic chemical species. The main focus of the review is on the exchange between terrestrial ecosystems, both managed and natural and the atmosphere, although some new developments in ocean-atmosphere exchange are included. The material presented is biased towards the last decade, but includes earlier work, where more recent developments are limited or absent. New methodologies and instrumentation have enabled, if not driven technical advances in measurement. These developments have advanced the process understanding and upscaling of fluxes, especially for particles, VOC and NH3. Examples of these applications include mass spectrometric methods, such as Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (AMS) adapted for field measurement of atmosphere-surface fluxes using micrometeorological methods for chemically resolved aerosols. Also briefly described are some advances in theory and techniques in micrometeorology. For some of the compounds there have been paradigm shifts in approach and application of both techniques and assessment. These include flux measurements over marine surfaces and urban areas using micrometeorological methods and the up-scaling of flux measurements using aircraft and satellite remote sensing. The application of a flux-based approach in assessment of O-3 effects on vegetation at regional scales is an important policy linked development secured through improved quantification of fluxes. The coupling of monitoring, modelling and intensive flux measurement at a continental scale within the NitroEurope network represents a quantum development in the application of research teams to address the underpinning science of reactive nitrogen in the cycling between ecosystems and the atmosphere in Europe. Some important developments of the science have been applied to assist in addressing policy questions, which have been the main driver of the research agenda, while other developments in understanding have not been applied to their wider field especially in chemistry-transport models through deficiencies in obtaining appropriate data to enable application or inertia within the modelling community. The paper identifies applications, gaps and research questions that have remained intractable at least since 2000 within the specialized sections of the paper, and where possible these have been focussed on research questions for the coming decade.
|
|
| 3. |
- Hudson, Lawrence N, et al.
(författare)
-
The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7758. ; 7:1, s. 145-188
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Puschmann, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
A Swedish family with de novo alpha-synuclein A53T mutation: Evidence for early cortical dysfunction.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Parkinsonism & Related Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-5126 .- 1353-8020. ; 15, s. 627-632
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A de novo alpha-synuclein A53T (p.Ala53 Th; c.209G > A) mutation has been identified in a Swedish family with autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease (PD). Two affected individuals had early-onset (before 31 and 40 years), severe levodopa-responsive PD with prominent dysphasia, dysarthria, and cognitive decline. Longitudinal clinical follow-up, EEG, SPECT and CSF biomarker examinations suggested an underlying encephalopathy with cortical involvement. The mutated allele (c.209A) was present within a haplotype different from that shared among mutation carriers in the Italian (Contursi) and the Greek-American Family H kindreds. One unaffected family member carried the mutation haplotype without the c.209A mutation, strongly suggesting its de novo occurrence within this family. Furthermore, a novel mutation c.488G > A (p.Arg163His; R163H) in the presenilin-2 (PSEN2) gene was detected, but was not associated with disease state.
|
|
| 6. |
- ReVelle, Douglas O., et al.
(författare)
-
Summertime low-level jets over the high-latitude Arctic Ocean
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology. - 1558-8424 .- 1558-8432. ; 47:6, s. 1770-1784
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The application of a simple analytic boundary layer model developed by Thorpe and Guymer did not produce good agreement with observational data for oceanic low-level jet observations even though this model has worked well for the predictions of low-level jets over continental surfaces. This failure to properly predict the boundary layer wind maxima was very puzzling because more detailed numerical boundary layer models have properly predicted these low-level oceanic wind maxima. To understand the reasons for its failure to explain the ocean observations, the authors modified the frictional terms in the horizontal linear momentum equations of Thorpe and Guymer, using a standard eddy viscosity closure technique instead of the Rayleigh friction parameterization originally used. This improvement in the modeling of the dissipation terms, which has resulted in the use of an enhanced Rayleigh friction parameterization in the horizontal momentum equations, modified the boundary layer winds such that the continental predictions remained nearly identical to those predicted previously using the Thorpe and Guymer model while the oceanic predictions have now become more representative of the measured wind speed from recent Arctic expeditions.
|
|
| 7. |
- Rutgersson, Anna, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
Using land-based stations for air–sea interaction studies
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Tellus. Series A, Dynamic meteorology and oceanography. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0280-6495 .- 1600-0870. ; 72:1, s. 1-23
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In situ measurements representing the marine atmosphere and air-sea interaction are taken at ships, buoys, stationary moorings and land-based towers, where each observation platform has structural restrictions. Air-sea fluxes are often small, and due to the limitations of the sensors, several corrections are applied. Land-based towers are convenient for long-term observations, but one critical aspect is the representativeness of marine conditions. Hence, a careful analysis of the sites and the data is necessary. Based on the concept of flux footprint, we suggest defining flux data from land-based marine micrometeorological sites in categories depending on the type of land influence:1. CAT1: Marine data representing open sea,2. CAT2: Disturbed wave field resulting in physical properties different from open sea conditions and heterogeneity of water properties in the footprint region, and3. CAT3: Mixed land-sea footprint, very heterogeneous conditions and possible active carbon production/consumption.Characterization of data would be beneficial for combined analyses using several sites in coastal and marginal seas and evaluation/comparison of properties and dynamics. Aerosol fluxes are a useful contribution to characterizing a marine micrometeorological field station; for most conditions, they change sign between land and sea sectors. Measured fluxes from the land-based marine station Ostergarnsholm are used as an example of a land-based marine site to evaluate the categories and to present an example of differences between open sea and coastal conditions. At the Ostergarnsholm site the surface drag is larger for CAT2 and CAT3 than for CAT1 when wind speed is below 10m/s. The heat and humidity fluxes show a distinctive distinguished seasonal cycle; latent heat flux is larger for CAT2 and CAT3 compared to CAT1. The flux of carbon dioxide is large from the coastal and land-sea sectors, showing a large seasonal cycle and significant variability (compared to the open sea sector). Aerosol fluxes are partly dominated by sea spray emissions comparable to those observed at other open sea conditions.
|
|
| 8. |
- Zinke, Julika, 1995-, et al.
(författare)
-
Sea spray emissions from the Baltic Sea : comparison of aerosol eddy covariance fluxes and chamber-simulated sea spray emissions
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 24:3, s. 1895-1918
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To compare in situ and laboratory estimates of sea spray aerosol (SSA) production fluxes, we conducted two research campaigns in the vicinity of an eddy covariance (EC) flux tower on the island of Östergarnsholm in the Baltic Sea during May and August 2021. To accomplish this, we performed EC flux measurements for particles with diameters between 0.25 and 2.5 µm simultaneously with laboratory measurements using a plunging jet sea spray simulation chamber containing local seawater sampled close to the footprint of the flux tower. We observed a log-linear relationship between wind speed and EC-derived SSA emission fluxes, a power-law relationship between significant wave height and EC-derived SSA emission fluxes, and a linear relationship between wave Reynolds number and EC-derived SSA emission fluxes, all of which are consistent with earlier studies. Although we observed a weak negative relationship between particle production in the sea spray simulation chamber and seawater chlorophyll-α concentration and a weak positive relationship with the concentration of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in seawater, we did not observe any significant impact of dissolved oxygen on particle production in the chamber.To obtain an estimate of the size-resolved emission spectrum for particles with dry diameters between 0.015 and 10 µm, we combined the estimates of SSA particle production fluxes obtained using the EC measurements and the chamber measurements in three different ways: (1) using the traditional continuous whitecap method, (2) using air entrainment measurements, and (3) simply scaling the chamber data to the EC fluxes. In doing so, we observed that the magnitude of the EC-derived emission fluxes compared relatively well to the magnitude of the fluxes obtained using the chamber air entrainment method as well as the previous flux measurements of Nilsson et al. (2021) and the parameterizations of Mårtensson et al. (2003) and Salter et al. (2015). As a result of these measurements, we have derived a wind-speed-dependent and wave-state-dependent SSA parameterization for particles with dry diameters between 0.015 and 10 µm for low-salinity waters such as the Baltic Sea, thus providing a more accurate estimation of SSA production fluxes.
|
|
| 9. |
-
- 2019
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
